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于 1 998年 1 2月至 1 999年 1月南极夏季 ,对南大洋普里兹湾临近海域两种主要浮游桡足类Calanoides acutus和 Metridia gerlachei的耗氧率和排氨率进行了现场调查 ,同时对其代谢产物对海洋初级生产的贡献进行了探讨。调查结果表明 ,C. acutus的体碳、氮含量占干重百分比分别为 48.4%～ 48.6%和 6.1 %～ 6.5% ;M.gerlachei分别为 47.1 %～ 50 .1 %和 5.9%～ 7.4%。C.acutus在不同海区耗氧率有一定的差异 (0 .2 2 6～ 0 .558μl O2 mg- 1h- 1)。排氨率变化范围为 0 .0 1 4～ 1 .0 58μg N mg- 1h- 1,最高值位于浮冰区 - 9站 ,在陆冰缘区 (FI站 )最小。不同海域其排氨率的高低与现场水温无相关性。不同站位上 C.acutus的 O:N比相差 5～ 6倍。M.gerlachei耗氧率为 0 .488～ 0 .644μl O2 mg- 1h- 1,排氨率为 0 .0 1 5～ 0 .0 34μg N mg- 1h- 1。根据代谢实验结果和桡足类自身碳氮含量推算 ,其维持正常代谢的碳、氮日损失率分别为 0 .59%～ 1 .99%和 0 .44%～ 3.2 7%。桡足类群体每天的碳需求量占初级生产力的 0 .6%～ 2 9.2 % ,氨氮日输出量占初级生产所需氮盐的 0 .2 %～ 38.0 %。 相似文献
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浮游动物群落结构的垂直分布研究可以更好地了解其在海洋食物网物质能量循环中的作用。基于2012年1月中国第28次南极考察期间在西南极南设得兰岛海域4个站位Multinet网(200μm,0.5 m2)采集的浮游动物样品资料,运用多元统计方法对浮游动物群落垂直结构及与环境因子关系进行了分析,结果显示:浮游动物可划分为3个群落,群落1由采自上层水体(0—200 m)的样品组成,此群落平均丰度为31 782.02个·1 000 m-3,优势种为桡足类Oithona similis,Ctenocalanus citer,Oncaea curvata,Calanoides acutus,Calanus propinquus及南极大磷虾原蚤状幼体CⅠ-Ⅲ期个体;群落2主要由采自中层水(200—1 000 m)的样品构成,群落平均丰度为22 325.59个·1 000 m-3,其指示物种主要包括桡足类O.curvata,O.similis,Oithona frigida,C.citer,Aetideopsis minor,Bathycalanus bradyi,C.acutus,C.propinquus,Metridia gerlachei,介形类Alacia spp.及箭虫Eukrohnia hamata;群落3由采自较深层水(1 000—2 000 m)的样品组成,群落平均丰度为989.27个·1 000 m-3,其指示种为深水桡足类Bathycalanus bradyi。Bio-Env分析显示叶绿素a和盐度分别是对群落聚类起关键影响的单因子,水深、盐度和叶绿素a的组合则最好地解释了群落的划分。 相似文献
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The ecophysiology of under-ice fauna 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
ARNE V. AARSET 《Polar research》1991,10(1):309-324
During exposure to low salinity, the under-ice amphipods Gammarus wilkitzkii and Onisimus glacialis appeared as euryhaline osmoregulators, displaying regulation of haemolymph concentrations of sodium and chloride. Free amino acids took part in the regulation. During freezing and brine formation, the amphipods were freeze-sensitive and did not tolerate being frozen into solid ice. However, they could stay in the vicinity of the ice, conforming osmotically to the ambient brine and thus lowering the melting point of the amphipods' body fluids. This prevented internal ice formation in the absence of antifreeze agents (THF) in the haemolymph. When G. wilkitzkii, O. glacialis and Apherusa glacialis were exposed to dilute seawater, elevated rates of oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion were observed. The O:N atomic ratio was kept nearly constant during hyposmotic stress, indicating protein/lipids as metabolic substrate. Rates of oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion increased with increasing osmotic differences between the haemolymph and the medium, indicating higher energy requirements for osmotic and ionic regulation at low salinities. A minor decrease in haemolymph sodium concentrations coincided with the increased ammonia output during hyposmotic stress, indicating a possible counter ion regulation of NH+ 4 and Na+ . An increased rate of oxygen consumption, ammonia excretion and 0:N ratio versus temperature was observed for all species. 相似文献
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Sources and transport of organic carbon from the Dongjiang River to the Humen outlet ofthe Pearl River,southern China简 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Transport of organic carbon via rivers to estuary is a significant geochemical proc- ess in the global carbon cycle. This paper presents bulk total organic carbon （TOC） from the Dongjiang catchment to the adjacent Humen outlet, and discusses the applicability of 613C and ratio of carbon to nitrogen （C/N） as indicators for sources of organic matter in the surface sediments. Survey results showed that organic carbon concentration in summer were higher than in the winter. An elevated trend of TOC occurred along the river to the Humen outlet in both surveys, and the highest mean values of dissolved and particular organic carbon （DOC-279 μmol L-1 and POC-163μmol L-1） were observed in the urban deltaic region in summer flood flow. Winter samples had a wide range of b＇13C and C/N （5-3C -24.6%o to -30.0%o, C/N 4-13）, and summer ones varied slightly （8-3C -24.2%o to -27.6%0, C/N 6-18）. As results suggest that POC in the three zones of upstream-delta-outlet dominantly came from riverbank soil, phytoplankton and agricultural C3 plants in winter, whereas main sources were from the riverbank and mangrove soil in summer. Moreover, anthropogenic sewage inputs had 11% and 7% contribution to POC in the deltaic and outlet. Transport accompanied with seasonal freshwater variation, phytoplankton production and degradation, and removal be- havior caused variation of organic carbon concentration. The results also discovered that TOC export bulk in Dongjiang was approximately one quarter of Humen flux in the dry flow, and anthropogenic activity significantly impacted the river export contribution. 相似文献
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浮游动物群落研究在生态学研究中有承上启下的作用。本文选取不同的浮游动物种和不同的发育期作为分类依据 ,用聚类分析和分布分析的方法对南极普里兹湾海区浮游动物的群落结构进行了分析。普里兹湾海区夏季浮游动物群落可以划分为三种地理群落 :北部以纽鳃樽为特有种的被囊群落、中部磷虾群落和以晶磷虾为特有种的近岸群落。通过观察和指示种分析 ,结果表明 :被囊和磷虾群落之间的指示种依次是纽鳃樽、毛颚类幼体、巨锚哲水蚤和毛颚类成体 ;被囊和近岸群落之间的指示种依次为巨锚哲水蚤、毛颚类成体、戈氏长腹水蚤的晚期桡足幼体和虾的原蚤状幼体 ;在对磷虾和近岸群落的分析中晶磷虾是最明显的指示种 ,其次是磷虾的无节幼体和隆剑水蚤。 相似文献
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Distribution and structure of zooplankton communities in the austral summer in the Prydz Bay, Antarctica 
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下载免费PDF全文 As a structure linking the ecosystem and population, community plays an important role in the marine ecology. Abundance of different species and development stages were used in our classification to the sampling stations with clustering analysis and multi dimension scaling, through which three geographic communities were marked out, respectively as following: the Salp community characterized by presence of Salp thompni in the northern area, the Near shore community by Euphausia crystallorophias in the south and the main ocean community located between the above two communities. Indicator species method was then carried out between every two communities to find out which species or stages differ most. It tells that Rhincalanus gigas , adult cheatognath, late stages of Metridia gerlachei and calyptopis of Euphausiidae are indicators between Salp and neritic communities, between Krill and Salp communities are Salp thompni , adult and larvae of Cheatognath and R.gigas , and the most notable indicator between the Krill and the neritic communities are E.crystallorophias , then nauplii of Euphausiidae and Onceae conifera with less evidence. 相似文献
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黑碳添加对杉木人工林土壤微生物量碳氮的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
向杉木人工林土壤中分别添加不同用量黑碳,以0％（C0）、1％（C1）和5％（C5）添加量（质量分数）作为不同处理,通过28d室内培养实验,研究了黑碳添加对土壤微生物量碳（ymc）和微生物量氮（MBN）的影响．结果表明,各处理土攘MBC含量变化趋势是前期急剧减少,后期增加,并趋于稳定;黑碳添加在一定程度上缓解了土壤MBN含量的减少,并随着黑碳添加量的增加,土壤MBN含量呈现增加的趋势．整个培养过程中,除第1d外,黑碳添加处理的土壤MBC和MBN含量始终高于对照处理,C5〉C1〉CO．同时,土壤可溶性碳（DOC）和可溶性氮（DON）含量也因黑碳的添加而呈现减少的趋势． 相似文献
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黑碳添加对杉木人工林土壤微生物量碳氮的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
向杉木人工林土壤中分别添加不同用量黑碳,以0％（C0）、1％（C1）和5％（C5）添加量（质量分数）作为不同处理,通过28d室内培养实验,研究了黑碳添加对土壤微生物量碳（ymc）和微生物量氮（MBN）的影响．结果表明,各处理土攘MBC含量变化趋势是前期急剧减少,后期增加,并趋于稳定;黑碳添加在一定程度上缓解了土壤MBN... 相似文献
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河南省碳源碳汇的时空变化研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
碳源、碳汇是影响低碳发展的重要因素,由其形成的碳盈亏是区域低碳经济发展战略及政策制定的重要依据。本文基于能源消耗数据、主要工业产品产量,参考IPCC的碳排放标准,结合其他相关研究,计算了河南省能源消耗及水泥、钢铁、合成氨生产过程中产生的碳排放;在对研究区遥感影像处理的基础上,通过归一化植被指数(NDVI),将河南省的碳汇分为耕地、林地和草地,根据各种植被的碳排放和碳吸收系数,计算了河南省的碳汇及其变化,并对碳盈亏及其空间变化进行分析。结果表明：①研究期内,河南省碳排放及人均碳排放呈上升趋势,碳排放总量及人均碳排放年均分别增长11.22%和10.72%,而且空间差异明显,豫西、豫北、豫中地区人均碳排放相对较高,而豫南、豫东南地区则相对较低。②能源消耗是河南省的主要碳源,其碳排放量呈逐年增加趋势,但所占比重在不断下降;水泥、钢铁是除能源消耗外的另一种主要的排放源,其碳排放量及所占比重则呈逐年上升趋势。③河南省碳汇主要以林地和耕地为主,草地所占比重很小;全省碳汇呈减少趋势,2005-2013年期间减少了7.40%(47.05万t),年均减少5.88万t。④河南省总体上呈现碳亏状态,研究期内碳亏呈增长趋势,且碳亏的地区数量也在增加,总的来看,豫南、豫东南、豫西地区处于碳盈或弱碳亏状态,豫中及豫北地区处于较严重的碳亏状态。⑤河南省应通过改善能源结构、调整产业结构、优化用地布局等措施,减少碳源,增加碳汇,通过区域碳补偿或生态补偿等手段鼓励碳盈地区减源增汇,为低碳发展创造良好的外部环境。 相似文献
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Soil is the most important carbon pool of the mulberry plantation ecosystem, so understanding the characteristics of the soil carbon pool in mulberry plantations provides an important basis for the research of carbon sinks in economic forest ecosystems and farmland ecosystems. In order to explore the spatial differentiation pattern of the relationship between carbon and nitrogen in mulberry plantation soil, this study analyzed the organic carbon content and total nitrogen content of the surface soil layer (0-20 cm) and the subsurface soil layer (20-40 cm) of 475 mulberry plantations in five major regions of China, Southwest China (SWC), Central South China (CSC), East China (EC), North China (NC), and Northwest China (NWC). The research showed seven key aspects of this system. (1) The soil organic carbon of mulberry plantations was significantly different at the two soil depths. The average content of organic carbon in the surface layer of mulberry plantation soil was 10.71±7.01g kg?1, which was 37.13% higher than that of the subsurface layer. (2) The soil organic carbon of mulberry plantations had significant differences in spatial differentiation, which was manifested as SWC>CSC>EC>NC>NWC. (3) The total nitrogen content in mulberry plantation soil had significant responses to the region, the soil layer depth, and the interaction between the region and soil layer depth. Among the regions, NWC had no significant difference between the surface layer and subsurface layer of the soil. EC had the maximum difference in total nitrogen content, with the total nitrogen content in the surface soil layer being 56.68% higher than that of the subsurface soil layer. The total nitrogen contents of the surface soil layers in the SWC and NC were 34.27% and 20.79% higher than those of the respective subsurface soil layers. (4) The mulberry plantation soil C/N ratios had a significant response to regional differences, as NWC>SWC> EC>CSC>NC, but this ratio had no significant response to soil depth. (5) Soil pH had significant spatial differentiation in relation to soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content in mulberry plantations. NWC had no significant correlation between pH and organic carbon or total nitrogen content, while CSC had a significant positive correlation between pH and both soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content. Other regions showed significant negative correlations between pH and both organic carbon and total nitrogen content. (6) There was a significant negative correlation between the C/N ratio of the surface soil layer and pH in mulberry plantations, which was mainly contributed by SWC, while the other regions’ surface soil layers had no significant correlations between C/N ratio and pH. (7) There was no significant correlation between the C/N ratio and pH in the subsurface soil layer in mulberry plantations. These results reveal that in either the research on mulberry plantation carbon pools or the innovation of green and low-carbon planting technology in mulberry plantations, the spatial differentiation characteristics of soil must be considered. Furthermore, the spatial differentiation of soil organic carbon can be used as the basic foundation for the planning and design of mulberry afforestation or ecological restoration projects. 相似文献
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为阐明祁连山青海云杉(Picea crassifolia)林分布带对其土壤碳、氮含量的影响,以分布在祁连山东段和西段的典型青海云杉林为研究对象,通过野外取样和室内分析,论述了青海云杉林浅层土壤碳、氮含量特征及其相互关系。结果表明:(1)祁连山东、西段土壤剖面有机碳含量均随土壤深度的增加而减小,但不同土层差异显著性不同,0~40cm含量分别为73.57±17.17g·kg-1和45.85±11.93g·kg-1;东、西段土壤剖面有机碳储量没有明显的变化规律,0~40cm有机碳储量分别为205.51±39.44t·hm-2和134.93±25.80t·hm-2。(2)祁连山东、西段土壤全氮含量随土层深度变化和不同土层差异显著性变化规律同土壤有机碳含量,0~40cm全氮含量分别为4.56±0.88g·kg-1和2.81±0.66g·kg-1;东、西段土壤全氮储量亦同土壤有机碳储量变化规律,0~40cm储量分别为12.77±2.08t·hm-2和8.38±1.56t·hm-2。(3)祁连山东、西段土壤剖面不同土层C/N比差异显著性变化规律相同,其C/N值分别为15.92±1.24和16.10±2.07;C/N比值大小主要取决于有机碳含量;线性分析表明,土壤有机碳与全氮含之间呈极显著的正相关关系,可用乘幂曲线模型Y=aXb较好地描述(p0.01)。上述研究结果可为祁连山水源涵养林建群种青海云杉林的经营和管理提供理论依据和数据支撑。 相似文献
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草原土壤的碳氮含量及其与温室气体通量的相关性 总被引：61，自引：0，他引：61
通过采样分析研究内蒙古锡林流域温带草原土壤有机碳及全N的含量特征,探讨它们的含量与温室气体CO2、N2O、CH4通量的相关性。结果表明：沿470－150mm年降水梯度线，土壤表层（0－20cm）有机碳含量从2．38％递减到1．23％，全N含量从0．218％递减到0．136％，而且放牧和开垦都有使有机碳及全N含量降低的趋势；CO2通量与有机碳含量、全N含量、C／N及N2O通量显著相关，N2O通量与有机碳含量、C／N及CO2通量显著相关，且CO2和N2O的通量都有沿降水梯度递减的趋势；CH4通量与有机碳含量、全N含量、C／N、CO2通量及N2O通量都没有显著相关性。 相似文献
15.
Reverse-phase thin layer chromatography was used to quantify algal carotenoid degradation resulting from grazing by Daphnia magna in suspensions of lyophilized Oscillatoria utermöhlii, O. limnetica, Anabaena flos-aquae and Synechococcus sp. Three samples were removed every 24 h from 0 h to 144 h and the carotenoid, carbon and nitrogen content of the remaining algal-fecal mixture was determined. Grazing by Daphnia reduced carotenoid concentrations by 30%–80% after 144 h, with myxoxanthophyll being the most labile pigment in experiments with filamentous cyanophytes. However, as a group, the carotenoids were more resistant to the combined effects of grazing by Daphnia and bacterial action than were particulate algal carbon (78% to 82% lost by 144 h) or nitrogen (86%–90%) during the period in which easily digestible material remained. The maximal extent of carotenoid enrichment relative to particulate carbon ranged from 150% to 300% of initial pigment concentrations but declined with repeated coprophagy. On the basis of these results and published pigment budgets, we conclude both that fecal transportation of pigments may be an important determinant of carotenoid accumulation rates and that carotenoid stratigraphies should record predator-mediated changes in zooplankton community structure, especially in oligotrophic conditions. 相似文献
16.
ROSA MARTINEZ 《Polar research》1991,10(1):193-200
The activity of the respiratory electron transport system (ETS) of microplankton was measured in the Central Barents Sea during summer 1988. In vitro ETS activity increased with assay temperature between 0 and 2°C, as reported for other enzyme systems in plankton. The higher in situ activities were observed near the surface (upper 10-25 m) and were associated with chlorophyll a maxima. Respiratory activity in the upper 60 m accounted for 40-60% of the total column respiration. The activities (0-100 m) were lower than oxygen consumption rates reported in the Canadian Arctic, mainly due to lower phytoplankton biomass. They were higher than ETS activity measured in the Weddell Sea (Antarctic Ocean). A high detrital versus total microplankton mass accounted for the low activity related to particulate organic carbon (POC). In general, the levels of respiratory ETS activity were in the range reported for temperate oligotrophic oceanic regions. 相似文献
17.
We used 210Pb-dated sediment cores from wetlands and Blue Cypress Lake, in the Upper St. Johns River Basin (USJRB), Florida, USA, to measure historical accumulation rates of bulk sediment, total carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), and total phosphorus (P). Marsh cores displayed similar stratigraphies with respect to physical properties and nutrient content. Wetland sediments typically contained > 900 mg organic matter (OM) g–1 dry mass, > 500 mg C g–1, and 30–40 mg N g–1. OM, C, and N concentrations were slightly lower in uppermost sediments of most cores, but displayed no strong stratigraphic trends. Total P concentrations were relatively low in bottommost deposits (0.01–0.11 mg g–1), but ranged from 0.38–2.67 mg g–1 in surface sediments. The mean sediment accretion rate in the marsh since ~ 1900, 0.33 ± 0.05 cm yr–1, was calculated from ten 210Pb-dated cores. All sites displayed increases in accumulation rates of bulk sediment, C, N, and P since the early part of the 20th century. These trends are attributed to recent hydrologic modifications in the basin combined with high nutrient loading from agricultural, residential, and urban sources. 相似文献
18.
土壤碳氮是高寒植被响应多年冻土区生态环境变化的重要营养和能源物质,但对其调查仍以生长季的单次采样为主,缺乏对其他季节的研究,这对于准确把握多年冻土区土壤碳氮含量及储量评估存在明显局限性。为此,本研究以青藏高原东北缘祁连山西段疏勒河源多年冻土区高寒草甸为对象,对0—50 cm土层土壤有机碳（Soil Organic Carbon, SOC）、全氮（Total Nitrogen, TN）含量及其比值（C/N）的剖面分布和季节变化及其影响因素进行分析。结果表明：（1）SOC、TN剖面分布规律一致,0—10 cm土层均显著高于10—50 cm各层（P<0.05）,0—50 cm深度仅秋季逐渐下降,而春夏冬季0—30 cm递减。（2）SOC、TN含量存在季节变化,SOC表现为夏季>冬季>春季>秋季,TN表现为春秋冬季含量一致,夏季略低。（3）C/N季节变化显著,夏季显著最高,秋季显著最低（P<0.05）。（4）土壤含水量和生物量是影响SOC、TN及C/N剖面分布和季节变化的关键因素。（5）夏季土壤碳氮密度均高于全年平均。可见,仅单一节点（生长季为主）调查以表征全年土壤碳氮储量存在高估趋势。 相似文献
19.
长江口潮滩有机质来源的C、N稳定同位素示踪 总被引：25，自引：0，他引：25
依据长江河口潮滩自然环境特征和受人文活动影响的差异性,沿长江河口南岸潮滩选取了12个典型的监测站位,并分别于洪水季节 (7月份) 和枯水季节 (2月份) 在各监测站位进行了表层 (0~2 cm) 沉积物样品的采集。对表层沉积物有机质中稳定碳、氮同位素进行分析与测试发现,7月份稳定碳同位素值普遍低于2月份的稳定碳同位素值,其变化范围分别为 -29.8‰ ~ -23.7‰和-27.3‰ ~ -25.6‰;7月份和2月份稳定氮同位素分别为1.0‰ ~ 5.5‰和1.7‰~ 7.8‰。研究区域内,稳定碳、氮同位素的地区分布和季节变化特征揭示,有机质中的稳定碳、氮同位素组成不仅受陆源和海源有机质输入量之间消长变化的影响,同时一系列的生物地球化学过程、人为有机质的输入和沉积物粒度与叶绿素对碳、氮同位素组成均存在不同程度的改造作用。此外,利用稳定碳同位素质量平衡混合模型,还对陆源有机质输入量的贡献率进行了初步定量估算。 相似文献
20.
对2003年7月-9月第二次北极科学考察期间在楚科奇海及其邻近海域所采集四个站位的沉积物柱状样的生源物质含量进行分析,并对沉积物TC、TOC、TN和TP的空间分布和垂直剖面分布进行讨论。四个站位的TC含量为0.89%-2.17%,TN含量为0.24-1.66mg/g,TP含量为0.15-0.96mg/g,其中C21、S11和M07的总碳中均以有机碳为主,分析结果证实了楚科奇海区是一个高效的有机碳“汇”区的结论。四个站位的有机质主要来源于海洋,其中P24站和M07站的TN随着TOC增加而增加,两者呈极显著的正相关关系,说明这两个站位所在区域的沉积物中氮和有机碳之间的关系密切,氮主要以有机氮形式存在。 相似文献