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1.
右江盆地,又称南盘江盆地,是我国重要的多金属矿床富集地,广泛发育有Au-As-Sb-Hg低温热液矿床,也是我国
卡林型金矿大规模富集区之一。矿床地质特征表明,金矿床的形成明显受到构造的控制,因此,探讨盆地的构造演化对于
深入研究卡林型金矿的形成具有重要意义。通过结合前人大量研究认为：右江盆地内主要发育有NW和NE向两组构造,
NW及NE向的边界断裂对盆地的演化及火成岩的发育起到重要作用;金矿床在平面上均分布于右江盆地范围内,具有明显
的岩性和构造控矿的特征;右江盆地形成及后续的构造演化可以分为六个阶段,即：早泥盆世中期滨浅海陆棚发育
（D2
1 ）,中泥盆世-中二叠世裂陷洋盆发育（D2-P2）,中二叠世末-中三叠世洋盆消失及前陆盆地发育（P3
2 -T2）,晚三叠世
-早侏罗世盆地消亡及碰撞后伸展（T3-J1）,中侏罗世-早白垩世中期NE向挤压构造发育（J2- K2
1 ） 和早白垩世晚期-古
近纪局部伸展作用（K3
1 -E）;右江盆地内卡林型金矿的成矿期集中在前陆盆地发育结束而褶皱成山后,成矿过程与伸展环
境密切相关。 相似文献
2.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2022,13(2):101339
The current margins of the North China and Yangtze Cratons provide arguably the best examples globally of anomalously high mineral endowment within a 100 km buffer zone, hosting 66 diverse world-class to giant ore systems that help explain China’s premier position as a producer of multiple metal and mineral commodities. After the cratonization of these crustal blocks during the Neoarchean-Paleoproterozoic, with incorporation of iron ores on assembled micro-block margins, the margins of the cratons experienced multiple convergence and rifting events leading to metasomatism and fertilization of their underlying sub-continental lithospheric mantle. The rifted margins with trans-lithosphere faults provided pathways for Cu-Au (Mo-W-Sn)-bearing felsic to Ni-Cu-bearing ultrabasic intrusions and REE-rich carbonatite magmas, and for the development of marginal sedimentary basins with both Cu-Pb-Zn-rich source units and reactive carbonate or carbonaceous host rocks. There was diachronous formation of hydrothermal orogenic gold, antimony, and bismuth systems in the narrow orogenic belts between the cratons. Complexity in the Mesozoic Paleo-Pacific subduction systems resulted in asthenosphere upwelling and lithosphere extension and thinning in the North China Craton, leading to anomalous heat flow and formation of orogenic gold deposits, including those of the giant Jiaodong gold province on its north-eastern margin. These gold deposits, many of which formed from fluids liberated by devolatilization of previously metasomatized sub-continental lithospheric mantle, helped propel China to be the premier gold producer globally. The thick sub-continental lithospheric mantle of the cold buoyant cratons helped the preservation of some of the world’s oldest porphyry-skarn and epithermal mineral systems. Although craton margins globally control the formation and preservation of a diverse range of mineral deposits, China represents the premier example in terms of metal endowment due to the anomalous length of its craton margins combined with their abnormally complex tectonic history. 相似文献
3.
研究秦岭晚古生代拉分盆地构造变形序列、构造样式、构造组合与卡林型类卡林型金矿床、SEDEX型银铜铅锌重晶石菱铁矿矿床富集成矿之间关系,对提升秦岭金属矿集区构造与金属大规模富集成矿规律的认识,具有重要意义。陕西柞山和凤太晚古生代拉分盆地是卡林型类卡林型金矿矿集区和SEDEX型银铜铅锌矿集区,采用构造岩相学研究新方法,对晚古生代拉分盆地的构造变形序列、构造样式和构造组合、构造变形型相及与金铜铅锌矿床改造叠加成矿作用进行研究。认为秦岭晚古生代陆缘拉分盆地的构造变形序列和构造组合为：(1)在石炭纪—中三叠世陆陆斜向俯冲消减体制下盆地反转期,构造热事件和构造岩相学组合类型包括石炭纪—二叠纪构造热事件、顺层走滑伸展变形与深源碱性热流体叠加事件,形成了泥盆系中顺层剪切变形［DS1(DS0∥S1)］、Na-K-Cl-F型热流体渗滤交代岩相［DS1ahS1∥S0+S1#S0］、碱性热流体叠加构造岩相［DS1(FBD3j+D3x)］和热液叠加角砾岩构造系统［DS1c(AbD3)］,为中深构造层次(20.4~25.97 km)韧性变形域下形成的变形构造型相。形成了柞山地区穆家庄铜矿床和桐木沟铅锌矿床,热液角砾岩构造系统以柞山万丈沟—二台子金铜矿床和凤太双王—青岩沟金矿床为代表。(2)在印支期陆陆全面碰撞挤压体制下,在晚古生代陆缘拉分盆地内部,盆内变形构造组合和构造岩浆热事件为冲断褶皱带+W-M型复式褶皱压扭性断裂带+切层脆韧性剪切变形(DS2)+隐伏岩浆侵入构造系统,它们为中构造层次(11~17 km)脆韧性变形域下形成的变形构造型相。在柞山晚古生代陆缘拉分断陷盆地南北两侧边界同生断裂带,转变为南向厚皮型逆冲推覆构造系统,夏家店造山型金矿床受山阳—凤镇断裂带的镇安—板岩镇次级断裂和厚皮型冲断褶皱带控制,金矿体定位于切层和顺层脆韧性剪切带中。凤太晚古生代陆缘拉分盆地南北两侧边界同生断裂带,转变为对冲式厚皮型逆冲推覆构造系统,八卦庙—柴玛沟—丝毛岭金矿带受印支期反冲构造、冲起构造与隐伏岩浆侵入构造系在时间空间物质上多重耦合控制,金矿体定位于切层脆韧性剪切带中。W-M型复式褶皱压扭性断裂带对SEDEX型铜铅锌矿床改造富集成矿控制显著,受W-M型复式褶皱压扭性断裂带和次级横跨叠加褶皱控制,SEDEX型银铜铅锌重晶石菱铁矿矿床发生了改造富集成矿。(3)燕山期陆内造山期的构造组合为白垩纪陆内断陷成盆+岩浆侵入构造系统+接触热变质相带+脆性断裂节理裂隙变形(DS3),为浅构造层次(0.0~5.0 km)变形域中形成的变形构造型相,在柞山地区具有寻找斑岩型铜金银钼矿和夕卡岩型铁铜金矿的潜力。卡林型金矿矿集区发育印支期和燕山期冲断褶皱带、断裂+褶皱构造、节理裂隙带和低温热液角砾岩化(碧玉质化角砾岩、铁白云石化热液角砾岩、菱铁矿化热液角砾岩等),为脆性构造变形域中形成的变形构造型相。(4)喜山期以陆内走滑断裂和宽缓褶皱等脆性构造变形为主。在金银铜铅锌矿集区构造和变形构造型相与金银铜铅锌富集成矿关系上,受山阳—礼县岩石圈断裂带(山阳—凤镇断裂带、观音峡—修石崖断裂带)控制,泥盆纪盆内同生构造组合为同生断裂带+三级构造热水沉积盆地+热水沉积岩相系,它们为控制SEDEX型银铜铅锌重晶石菱铁矿矿床的主要同生构造型相。石炭纪—白垩纪深源碱性热流体隐爆作用和异时同位叠加成岩作用,形成了铁白云石钠长角砾岩钠长铁白云石角砾岩相系,它们组成了热液角砾岩构造系统。铜金银镍钴成矿系统深部结构以万丈沟岩浆热液脉带型铜金银镍钴矿和二台子热液角砾岩型铜金矿为代表,向上为双王热液角砾岩型金矿床和八卦庙式金矿床,其顶部和外围为类卡林型卡林型金矿床。 相似文献
4.
中国东部中生代浅成热液金矿的类型、特征及其地球动力学背景 总被引：35，自引：0，他引：35
中国东部中生代浅成热液金矿可以划分为与花岗岩和与碱性岩有关的两种类型；也可以分为高硫型和低硫型两大类，而且以后一种为主。这些金矿的形成和分布受区域构造制约，具体地说是受破火山口、火山角砾岩筒以及与火山机构有关的断裂控制。成矿围岩为火山岩类及同源花岗质岩石和周围地层。主要的蚀变组合为冰长石一玉髓一绢云母或明矾石一高岭石一石英(玉髓)。成矿年龄分布在180～188Ma，135～144Ma，127～115Ma和94～105Ma四个区间，前三组年龄分别响应于中生代华北板块与扬子克拉通的造山碰撞后陆内造山的伸展过程、构造体制大转折以及岩石圈大减薄，后一组为华南地区岩石圈再一次强烈伸展期间的产物。虽然这些矿床的形成时间有差异，但都是发育于大陆伸展环境中。 相似文献
5.
Structural features and metallogenesis of the Carlin-type Jinfeng (Lannigou) gold deposit, Guizhou Province, China 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Chen Maohong Mao Jingwen Frank P. Bierlein Tony Norman Phillip J. Uttley 《Ore Geology Reviews》2011,43(1):217-234
Jinfeng, previously known as Lannigou, is the largest Carlin-type gold deposit in the Yunnan–Guizhou–Guangxi region in southwestern China. Gold mineralization in the Jinfeng deposit is almost entirely fault-hosted and structurally controlled, with very little disseminated ore occurring in the adjacent host rocks. The structural elements in the Jinfeng deposit can be subdivided into 3 groups comprising NS-, NW-, and NE-striking faults and folds, with NW-striking structures controlling the overall framework of the deposit. Four tectonic stages have been recorded in the Jinfeng area, i.e., rifting, orogenic compression, lateral transpression, and lithospheric extension. A series of contemporaneous normal faults, such as the N-striking and east-dipping F1 and F7 faults developed along the edges of a carbonate platform during basin rifting (D2–T2). These structures provided an initial framework for subsequent basin evolution, and also represent the principal hydrothermal conduits. A gradual change of the compression direction during the orogenic stage (T3) from E→W to NE→SW, gave rise to the NW-striking structures, including large, tight to overturned folds such as the Huangchanggou synclinorium and associated thrusts such as the F3 fault. The development of these orogenic, predominantly NE-dipping structures, as well as accompanying NE-striking dextral shear and transform faults (such as the F2 fault) along the margin of the Laizishan Dome established the structural pattern of the deposit area. The NW-striking folds were refolded by NE-striking superimposed folds during post-collisional lateral transpression (J1) and NW–SE directed compression. Oblique stress distribution gave rise to NS-trending compression and EW-trending extension, with dilational zones developing at the intersection of the F2 and the F3 faults east of the Laizishan dome. It is these dextral- and sinistral-normal dilational zones in which gold was precipitated during the main ore-forming event at Jinfeng. Following the main ore stage lithospheric extension occurred during the Yanshan stage (J2–K) resulting in minor reverse faults that in places cut pre-existing structures. The above four main structural deformation stages mirror the evolution of the Youjiang Basin from inception to basin inversion and post-orogenic collapse and renewed extension. Significant gold metallogenesis at Jinfeng occurred during the transition from collisional compression to extensional tectonics in the early Jurassic, and is focussed into intersections of F2 and F3 and fault splays adjacent to F3. This structurally controlled gold metallogenic model is likely to be applicable to analogous settings elsewhere in the Yunnan–Guizhou–Guangxi triangle area, and has implications for the targeting of Carlin-type gold mineralization in this region. 相似文献
6.
西秦岭地区造山型与卡林型金矿床 总被引：33，自引：0，他引：33
毛景文 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2001,20(1):11-13
西秦岭金矿床分为卡林型和造山型两类。卡林型金矿床麇集于南秦岭和松潘—甘孜造山带的东北部。三叠纪和早侏罗世的同构造花岗闪长岩广泛分布于西秦岭中部和南部、松潘—甘孜盆地以及扬子克拉通边缘。造山型脉状金矿床主要分布于西秦岭造山带中的脆韧性剪切带内。大部分粗粒金主要赋存在网格状石英细脉和角砾状围岩中的黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿、毒砂和少量贱金属硫化物中和以分散状分布在蚀变围岩中。同位素资料表明晚三叠世 -中侏罗世与扬子克拉通俯冲有关的作用控制了造山型金矿床的形成。 相似文献
7.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(5):1477-1494
The gold deposits in the Youjiang basin,totaling 25 Moz gold,have traditionally been thought to be of Carlintype,particularly those with extensional structural geometries in the northern basin dominated by platform sedimentary sequences.However,the structural geometries,mineralization styles and alteration types for the Jinya,Gaolong and Nakuang gold deposits in the south-central part of the basin are remarkably similar to those of unequivocal orogenic gold deposits.Structural studies show that gold mineralization in the three gold deposits was controlled by tight "locked-up"anticlines with NW—SE-to E-W-trending and/or concomitant thrusts and/or shear zones,which resulted from NE-SW-to N-S-trending compression or transpression following the Early Triassic closure of the Paleo-Tethyan Ocean.Alteration zones in these deposits are dominated by silicification(quartz),sericitization,sulfidation and carbonation.Zoned pyrites in these deposits comprise Au-poor cores and invisible Au-bearing rims with minor external free gold.Euhedral to subhedral auriferous arsenopyrites also contribute to the gold budget.These features indicate that the three gold deposits are sediment-hosted orogenic gold deposits that contrast markedly with the Carlin-type gold deposits in the northern part of the Youjiang basin in terms of structural geometry and timing,mineralization style and nature of associated alteration.Although additional reliable ages using robust methodologies are still required,the older isotopic ages of the gold deposits in the south-central Youjiang basin are also consistent with earlier formation during transpression that predated extension during orogenic collapse,the period of formation of the Carlin-type gold deposits in the northern Youjiang basin. 相似文献
8.
西秦岭地区是中国最重要的金矿矿集区之一,除产出少数夕卡岩型金矿床外,几乎所有的其他金矿床都可归并为造山型、卡林型和类卡林型3种类型。研究表明,西秦岭地区中生代花岗岩主要形成于中晚三叠世,而金矿成矿主要集中在晚三叠世,它们都是华北板块与华南板块碰撞导致的秦岭造山作用的产物。西秦岭地区造山型金矿床主要赋存在泥盆系和石炭系一套复杂的构造变形和区域变质的绿片岩相岩中,主要受北西西向脆韧性剪切带控制,成矿元素组合主要为Au-Ag。矿石中含有大量显微自然金、银金矿,明金可见。成矿流体主要为变质流体。由造山作用引起的强烈构造运动为成矿流体提供了运移通道,为矿质沉淀提供了有利的场所。虽然一些造山型金矿床与中酸性岩体相邻,但矿化与岩浆活动不具直接的成因关系。西秦岭地区卡林型金矿床主要产于轻微变质的寒武系至三叠系沉积岩中,明显受地层、岩性和构造控制。金矿床中的金以超显微金和存在于含砷黄铁矿与毒砂晶格中的固溶体金为主。成矿元素组合为Au-As-Hg-Sb-Ba。成矿流体由早期形成的地层水被后期大气降水补给活化形成,也有部分岩浆水或变质水的加入。在伸展背景下大气降水通过循环演化形成了较浅层次的流体系统,导致Au等成矿元素发生沉淀而形成浸染状矿石。西秦岭地区类卡林型金矿床主要产于浅变质沉积岩建造中,受脆韧性剪切带的控制,并形成于花岗岩岩体附近。与造山型、卡林型金矿床最大的不同之处在于,类卡林型金矿床的形成与同时期的岩浆活动有密切的成因关系。矿石中存在显微自然金,载金矿物主要为黄铁矿、含砷黄铁矿和碲化物。成矿热液主要是岩浆水与变质水、建造水的混合流体。与造山型金矿床类似,流体不混溶导致类卡林型金矿床的形成。 相似文献
9.
10.
桂西巴马料屯金矿床成矿年代上限的确定——对滇黔桂“金三角”卡林型金矿年代学研究的启示 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
广西巴马料屯金矿床是较为典型的卡林型金矿床,金矿体与燕山晚期石英斑岩脉空间上相关。矿床勘查成果和野外露头观察均表明石英斑岩脉切割金矿体,说明岩浆岩形成于矿体之后。成矿元素地球化学测量结果表明,Au、As元素沿石英斑岩脉走向出现明显的分异,表现为在导矿和容矿断层区段Au、As质量分数高,局部形成矿（化）体;远离矿体的砂泥岩和灰岩围岩地段,则逐渐降低至正常背景值,说明石英斑岩侵位过程中切割早期的矿体或含矿断层,萃取了矿（化）体中成矿元素Au、As,从而在这些断层之间形成一定宽度的高值带。成矿元素地球化学测量支持岩浆岩形成于矿体之后的结论。石英斑岩脉白云母斑晶的40Ar/39Ar坪年龄为（95.5±0.7） Ma,代表了岩浆侵位年龄,由于岩脉形成于矿体之后,此年龄可以作为成矿年代的上限年龄。本矿床及滇黔桂"金三角"其他卡林型金矿的确切成矿年代,尚需更多高精度直接成矿年龄数据的约束。 相似文献
11.
陕西凤太晚古生代拉分盆地动力学与金-多金属成矿 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用沉积盆地构造-古地理位置恢复重建和构造-岩相学等新方法研究认为,凤太晚古生代沉积盆地属于受板块斜向俯冲碰撞动力学控制下的拉分盆地。在中泥盆世初期,凤太沉积盆地被周缘垂向基底隆起分隔,其成盆构造动力学主要受四组同生断层,晚古生代沉降中心和沉积中心不断发生迁移。中泥盆世中期在盆地北部形成了北西向沉降中心和沉积中心,晚泥盆世末期沉积盆地萎缩,沉降中心和沉积中心收缩于沉积盆地中心。石炭纪沉降中心和沉积中心从盆地中心迁移到盆地四周边缘的同生断裂带附近,在沉积盆地北侧边缘商丹带南侧,形成了石炭纪-早三叠世与俯冲消减带有关的楔状沉积充填体。在凤太拉分盆地中形成的近东西向、北北东向、近南北向和北西向网状同生断裂带系统共同控制了凤太泥盆纪拉分盆地形成与演化过程。其中,商丹带（西段）、礼县-凤县-凤镇-山阳同生断裂带（中段）和酒奠梁-镇安-板岩镇同生断裂带（西段）三个主控同生断裂带不但在泥盆纪期间对于凤太泥盆纪拉分盆地形成具有显著控制作用,而且石炭纪-早三叠世拉分盆地演化过程也具有十分重要的控制作用,石炭纪-早三叠世同生断裂带发生构造反转并控制了沉降中心和沉积中心。采用沉积盆地动力学和构造-岩相学等新方法研究认为,在凤太晚古生代拉分盆地具有分级特征,西部凤县二级盆地为金-多金属成矿集中区,东部太白二级盆地为金矿成矿集中区。在八方山-银母寺三级拉分盆地中,八方山和银母寺等多金属矿床与八卦庙超大型金矿床具有矿田尺度上成矿分带,主要由于三级盆地、同生断裂、热水沉积岩相和构造热流体叠加岩相控制了矿田和矿床尺度上金与多金属成矿分带。凤太拉分盆地北部和东部金矿矿源层和初步富集成矿形成主要与泥盆纪钠长岩相和钠质热水沉积岩相有关,并受钠长碳酸质角砾岩-铁白云石钠长石角砾岩等石炭纪构造-热流体岩相叠加;凤太拉分盆地南部温江寺三叠系浊积岩系中热水硅质岩相和层状英安质凝灰岩是卡林型金矿重要赋矿层位;凤太拉分盆地中部热水沉积-改造型铅锌矿主要与硅质岩相和菱铁矿铁白云岩相等热水沉积相密切有关。 相似文献
12.
中国卡林型金矿的分布规律及找矿前景 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
我国卡林型金矿床主要分布于扬子陆块西南缘的板内古生代-中生代沉降带和西北缘古生代-中生代造山带。具有分布局限、成矿集中的特点。金矿床往往形成成矿带,单个金矿床的规模大小不一,矿化受构造、围岩和深部流体控制。金矿床成矿域发育一套大面积分布的巨厚的古-中生代造山带建造,成矿期的岩浆活动和构造活动强烈。基于我国卡林型金矿的分布规律,找矿应优先考虑的有力部位有:1)地块边缘裂陷槽拉张与挤压交替的环境中沉积建造和不同性质大地构造接合部位或构造过渡带;2)在背斜构造倾伏端、背斜轴转折端、背斜翼部以及不同方向、不同序次的断裂破碎带交叉与复合部位;3)在富粘土质、粉砂质和有机质中发育的交叉断裂和可微渗透的纹层状细粒钙质和白云质粉砂岩,局部为较粗粒砂岩和透镜状砾状钙质生物碎屑岩夹层接触部位;4)在燕山期岩浆活动以及热点活动地区发育的古生界和中生界地层。 相似文献
13.
CHARACTERISTICS AND METALLOGENIC EVOLUTION OF AILAOSHAN GOLD METALLOGENIC BELTS IN YUNNAN, CHINANNSFC(973Hi techProjects)andProjectofYunnanProvince ChineseAcademyofSciencescorporation(YK980 0 8 3) 相似文献
14.
华北陆块北缘中段金矿床分布较多 ,产出较为集中 ,也是我国重要的黄金生产基地。本区是我国地质历史演化最久 ,又经历了多期、多阶段的构造 -岩浆活动的叠加 ,因而金矿床的形成具有多期性、多样性、继承性和新生性等特点。本区金矿床主要产在绿岩带构造 -岩浆活动的有利部位 ,统称绿岩带型金矿床 ,可分为同构造晚期初生型金矿床和构造期后再生型热液金矿床两类 ,又可细分为若干亚类 ,其中再生型热液金矿床分布较广 ,规模较大 ,具有较大找矿潜力。由于区内发育多期、多阶段的成矿构造 -岩浆活动 ,因而在一个金矿床密集区内 ,有时在不同的构造部位 ,分别产出初生型和再生型热液金矿床 ,这是指导找矿的重要地质依据 相似文献
15.
矿床及其组合是地壳演化的标志物──右江幔隆的发生、发展与滇黔桂卡林型金矿关系探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
现代金成矿地球动力学的研究，揭示了矿床及其组合与构造变动、岩浆活动一样，是地壳变革的一个事件，因此从成矿环境地质方面可反演矿床及其组合的形成史，正确划分出与区域地壳演化阶段相适应的矿化类型；滇黔桂卡林型金矿的形成与右江幔隆的发生、发展息息相关，本文借用金成矿地球动力学的一些思想，用地幔隆起的观点分析了本区卡林型金矿的形成。 相似文献
16.
新疆西天山吐拉苏火山盆地金矿的构造控矿规律 总被引：9，自引：6，他引：9
新疆西天山吐拉苏火山盆地金矿在不同尺度上受不同级别的构造控制。在大地构造尺度上，Ⅰ级控矿构造为与博罗科努丰生代岛弧带平行的NWW向基底断裂带，该断裂带控制与石炭纪火山岩有关的金矿带的展布，在区域尺度上，Ⅱ级控矿构造为NW向走滑断裂和NE向张笥断裂，控制金矿床的分布。在矿床尺度上，Ⅲ级控矿构造为陡倾的近SN向张性断裂和与破火山口有关的环状断裂，控制金矿体的定位和产状。 相似文献
17.
Evidence for a magmatic origin for Carlin-type gold deposits: isotopic composition of sulfur in the Betze-Post-Screamer Deposit, Nevada, USA 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
We report here new sulfur isotope analyses from the Betze-Post-Screamer deposit, the largest Carlin-type gold deposit in the
world. Carlin-type deposits contain high concentrations of arsenic, antimony, mercury, tellurium and other elements of environmental
interest, and are surrounded by large volumes of crust in which these elements are also enriched. Uncertainty about the source
of sulfur and metals in and around Carlin-type deposits has hampered formulation of models for their origin, which are needed
for improved mineral exploration and environmental assessment. Previous studies have concluded that most Carlin-type deposits
formed from sulfide sulfur that is largely of sedimentary origin. Most of these studies are based on analyses of mineral separates
consisting of pre-ore diagenetic pyrite with thin overgrowths of ore-related arsenian pyrite rather than pure, ore-related
pyrite. Our SIMS spot analyses of ore-related pyrite overgrowths in the Screamer zone of the Betze-Post-Screamer deposit yield
δ34S values of about −1 to 4‰ with one value of about 7‰. Conventional analyses of realgar and orpiment separates from throughout
the deposit yield δ34S values of about 5–7‰ with one value of 10‰ in the Screamer zone. These results, along with results from an earlier SIMS
study in the Post zone of the deposit and phase equilibrium constraints, indicate that early arsenian pyrite were formed from
fluids of magmatic origin with variable contamination from sulfur in Paleozoic sedimentary rocks. Later arsenic sulfides were
formed from solutions to which sulfur of sedimentary origin had been added. The presence of Paleozoic sedimentary sulfur in
Carlin-type deposits does not require direct involvement of hydrothermal solutions of sedimentary origin. Instead, it could
have been added by magmatic assimilation of Paleozoic sedimentary rocks or by hydrothermal leaching of sulfur from wall rocks
to the deposit. Thus, the dominant process delivering sulfur, arsenic, gold and mineralizing fluids to Carlin-type systems
and their surrounding country rocks was probably separation of fluids from a magmatic source.
Editorial handling: G. Beaudoin 相似文献
18.
《Gondwana Research》2014,25(1):48-102
The Asian continent formed during the past 800 m.y. during late Neoproterozoic through Jurassic closure of the Tethyan ocean basins, followed by late Mesozoic circum-Pacific and Cenozoic Himalayan orogenies. The oldest gold deposits in Asia reflect accretionary events along the margins of the Siberia, Kazakhstan, North China, Tarim–Karakum, South China, and Indochina Precambrian blocks while they were isolated within the Paleotethys and surrounding Panthalassa Oceans. Orogenic gold deposits are associated with large-scale, terrane-bounding fault systems and broad areas of deformation that existed along many of the active margins of the Precambrian blocks. Deposits typically formed during regional transpressional to transtensional events immediately after to as much as 100 m.y. subsequent to the onset of accretion or collision. Major orogenic gold provinces associated with this growth of the Asian continental mass include: (1) the ca. 750 Ma Yenisei Ridge, ca. 500 Ma East Sayan, and ca. 450–350 Ma Patom provinces along the southern margins of the Siberia craton; (2) the 450 Ma Charsk belt of north-central Kazakhstan; (3) the 310–280 Ma Kalba belt of NE Kazakhstan, extending into adjacent NW Xinjiang, along the Siberia–Kazakhstan suture; (4) the ca. 300–280 Ma deposits within the Central Asian southern and middle Tien Shan (e.g., Kumtor, Zarmitan, Muruntau), marking the closure of the Turkestan Ocean between Kazakhstan and the Tarim–Karakum block; (5) the ca. 190–125 Ma Transbaikal deposits along the site of Permian to Late Jurassic diachronous closure of the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean between Siberia and Mongolia/North China; (6) the probable Late Silurian–Early Devonian Jiagnan belt formed along the margin of Gondwana at the site of collision between the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks; (7) Triassic deposits of the Paleozoic Qilian Shan and West Qinling orogens along the SW margin of the North China block developed during collision of South China; and (8) Jurassic(?) ores on the margins of the Subumusu block in Myanmar and Malaysia. Circum-Pacific tectonism led to major orogenic gold province formation along the length of the eastern side of Asia between ca. 135 and 120 Ma, although such deposits are slightly older in South Korea and slightly younger in the Amur region of the Russian Southeast. Deformation related to collision of the Kolyma–Omolon microcontinent with the Pacific margin of the Siberia craton led to formation of 136–125 Ma ores of the Yana–Kolyma belt (Natalka, Sarylakh) and 125–119 Ma ores of the South Verkhoyansk synclinorium (Nezhdaninskoe). Giant ca. 125 Ma gold provinces developed in the Late Archean uplifted basement of the decratonized North China block, within its NE edge and into adjacent North Korea, in the Jiaodong Peninsula, and in the Qinling Mountains. The oldest gold-bearing magmatic–hydrothermal deposits of Asia include the ca. 485 Ma Duobaoshan porphyry within a part of the Tuva–Mongol arc, ca. 355 Ma low-sulfidation epithermal deposits (Kubaka) of the Omolon terrane accreted to eastern Russia, and porphyries (Bozshakol, Taldy Bulak) within Ordovican to Early Devonian oceanic arcs formed off the Kazakhstan microcontinent. The Late Devonian to Carboniferous was marked by widespread gold-rich porphyry development along the margins of the closing Ob–Zaisan, Junggar–Balkhash, and Turkestan basins (Amalyk, Oyu Tolgoi); most were formed in continental arcs, although the giant Oyu Tolgoi porphyry was part of a near-shore oceanic arc. Permian subduction-related deformation along the east side of the Indochina block led to ca. 300 Ma gold-bearing skarn and disseminated gold ore formation in the Truong Son fold belt of Laos, and along the west side to ca. 250 Ma gold-bearing skarns and epithermal deposits in the Loei fold belt of Laos and Thailand. In the Mesozoic Transbaikal region, extension along the basin margins subsequent to Mongol–Okhotsk closure was associated with ca. 150–125 Ma formation of important auriferous epithermal (Balei), skarn (Bystray), and porphyry (Kultuminskoe) deposits. In northeastern Russia, Early Cretaceous Pacific margin subduction and Late Cretaceous extension were associated with epithermal gold-deposit formation in the Uda–Murgal (Julietta) and Okhotsk–Chukotka (Dukat, Kupol) volcanic belts, respectively. In southeastern Russia, latest Cretaceous to Oligocene extension correlates with other low-sulfidation epithermal ores that formed in the East Sikhote–Alin volcanic belt. Other extensional events, likely related to changing plate dynamics along the Pacific margin of Asia, relate to epithermal–skarn–porphyry districts that formed at ca. 125–85 Ma in northeastmost China and ca. 105–90 Ma in the Coast Volcanic belt of SE China. The onset of strike slip along a part of the southeastern Pacific margin appears to correlate with the giant 148–135 Ma gold-rich porphyry–skarn province of the lower and middle Yangtze River. It is still controversial as to whether true Carlin-like gold deposits exist in Asia. Those deposits that most closely resemble the Nevada (USA) ores are those in the Permo-Triassic Youjiang basin of SW China and NE Vietnam, and are probably Late Triassic in age, although this is not certain. Other Carlin-like deposits have been suggested to exist in the Sepon basin of Laos and in the Mongol–Okhotsk region (Kuranakh) of Transbaikal. 相似文献
19.
20.
华北克拉通北缘及邻区印支期岩浆活动与钼和金成矿作用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对华北克拉通北缘及邻区19处钼矿床和5处金矿床的产出环境、形成时代和成矿机理及其与印支期侵入岩的关系进行了讨论。尽管各个矿床所处的地理位置不同,但是它们大都在前寒武纪或早古生代地层中产出,并且与印支期侵入岩具有密切的时空分布关系。印支期钼矿床的形成作用可以从早三叠世一直持续到晚三叠世,大规模成矿作用高峰期为230~220 Ma。相比之下,金矿床的形成时间明显早于钼矿床,同位素年龄数据集中分布在245~239 Ma。研究结果表明,自早三叠世开始,华北克拉通北缘及邻区曾发生过多期大规模伸展构造作用,并且形成若干条近东西向展布的裂陷带。张裂构造作用所诱发的富碱性岩浆作用及相关流体活动为钼或金矿床的形成提供了动力和物质来源,因此,印支期侵入岩发育区是寻找隐伏钼或金矿床的有利地区。 相似文献