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鲁南沙质海岸的侵蚀量及其影响因素 总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26
近数十年来,鲁南海岸持续侵蚀,与20世纪60年代相比,该段岸线平均蚀退率1 m/a左右,海滩沙侵蚀量约20.79×104 m3/a.其中,近28年陆源输沙平均减少6.47×104 m3/a,人为前滨采沙8.9×104 m3/a,海平面上升引起海滩侵蚀量约为1.67×104 m3/a,该三因素影响力度之比为4∶5∶1. 相似文献
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根据2014-2015年对大连李官华铜海岸、营口白沙湾海岸、营口仙人岛海岸以及营口鲅鱼圈月亮湾海岸的岸滩地形监测数据,依据海岸侵蚀灾害监测与评价技术方法,对辽东湾东岸的4个连续砂质海岸的稳定性进行了分析.结果表明:海滩岸线发生侵蚀的岸段主要分布在营口仙人岛海岸和大连李官华铜海岸南部,其中仙人岛岸段岸线后退距离最为严重,达到了7.8 m/a;从断面地形监测结果来看,大连李官华铜海岸发育较强侵蚀,岸滩下蚀速率为9.35 cm/a.辽东湾东岸的华铜海岸和仙人岛岸段,侵蚀现象仍然明显;而开展了防护修复工程的月亮湾、白沙湾等原侵蚀岸段,都基本趋于稳定,没有再发生海岸侵蚀现象. 相似文献
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为保护亚龙湾砂质海岸及其生态系统,文章采用2016年和2019年的监测数据以及2008年的历史数据,依据相关技术标准和方法,从岸线后退速率和岸滩下蚀速率2个方面综合评价亚龙湾砂质海岸的侵蚀状况和侵蚀强度,并分析其原因。研究结果表明：亚龙湾砂质海岸存在持续性较强且较严重的海岸侵蚀;2008-2016年岸线后退速率和年均土地损失面积分别约为-1.00 m/a和2 080 m2,2016-2019年岸线后退速率和年均土地损失面积分别约为-1.80 m/a和9 836 m2,亚龙湾海岸侵蚀有明显加剧的趋势;2016-2019年亚龙湾东部和西部海岸的岸滩下蚀速率分别约为-13.3 cm/a和-36.2 cm/a,西部岸滩下蚀速率远高于东部岸滩;亚龙湾全段为强侵蚀等级,其中东部岸段为强侵蚀等级,西部岸段为严重侵蚀等级;造成亚龙湾海岸侵蚀的原因主要包括海岸工程建设、植被破坏和海平面上升。 相似文献
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介绍了中外4个基岩陡斜海岸的养滩案例,说明基岩海岸水下坡一般较陡,水深较大,近海波浪未经底摩擦消能过程就逼近海岸,实行一次性卷跃破碎,强烈侵蚀海岸,塑造侵蚀地貌或在海蚀崖下高潮线附近沉积窄而薄的短裙式海滩。在这种海滩上进行开敞式抛沙养滩,往往难以成功,以致连年抛沙,连年被流失光。我国曾有一些养滩工程经历过该类沙流失干扰。按照丁坝与连续离岸潜坝组合或丁坝与平行双岸外潜坝组合模式,可以阻挡人工向前滨滩面所抛沙的外流,并能有效地消散岸外波能和阻挡沿岸移沙,保证人工抛沙养护海滩的扩宽和稳定。证明采取特定的硬工程组合可以在基岩陡斜海岸上构筑宽阔的人造海滩。 相似文献
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苏北废黄河三角洲海岸线动态演变分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以苏北废黄河三角洲海岸1989、1995、2006和2010年4期Landsat TM影像为数据源,运用一般高潮线法,对各期影像分类处理后提取海岸线,分析了研究区海岸线21年间动态演变的时空分布特征,并初步探讨其主要控制因素。结果表明:(1)北翼灌河口—中山河口岸段在1989-2010年21年间整体表现为蚀淤交替,淤积岸段逐渐向南迁移,主要集中分布于普港和新滩港岸段,平均淤积速率最大达39.82 m/a(2006-2010);中部岬角中山河口—扁担河口岸段在研究期间平均蚀退速率为13.79 m/a,其中南段侵蚀强度最高,可达23.23 m/a,为整个研究区海岸侵蚀最快的岸段,北段次之,中段最低,随时间推进,总体侵蚀渐缓;南翼扁担河口—夸套河口岸段21年间平均蚀退速率达17.30 m/a,夸套河口以南则呈现快速淤积-缓慢淤积-蚀淤基本平衡的过渡态势。(2)近20多年来,废黄河三角洲海岸由于受到海岸轮廓形态、动力作用(波浪、潮流、沿岸流与重力等)及人类活动(保滩护岸工程、盐田与围垦工程及港口工程等)的影响,各岸段呈现出不同的侵蚀-淤积特点。 相似文献
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环渤海砂质岸侵蚀和海滩养护 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
环渤海辽冀津鲁砂质岸近几十年遭受愈来愈强烈的侵蚀,岸线平均蚀退率约1.0～2.0m/a,局部或短期可达5～8m/a。为抑制海岸侵蚀,曾采取大量修建顺岸坝、丁坝等海岸"硬工程"护岸,但引起下游岸段继续侵蚀。近年逐渐发展起来的抛沙养滩工程可以增宽和稳定海滩,至2012年底,已完成和正在进行共有13处养滩工程,包括砂岸养滩、泥岸养滩和岩岸养滩等3种类型。在不同类型的海滩上养滩,应强调不同的设计重心。环渤海各养滩工程效果比较好,促进了滨海旅游业的发展,也取得了一些设计经验,预计未来将迎来环渤海海滩养护的新高潮。 相似文献
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选取长兴岛和打网岗岛分别代表基岩岛和冲积岛,2012-08—2014-06对两岛海滩进行了4次现场调查。结果表明,近期长兴岛海滩平均蚀淤速率小于10cm/a,海滩蚀淤情况及其地形特征有较明显的季节变化;打网岗岛海滩地形多出现持续侵蚀,海滩下蚀速率多大于10cm/a,部分大于15cm/a,海滩地形季节变化不明显。分析认为,长兴岛海滩的稳定性优于打网岗岛。泥沙来源及泥沙输移特征、岛陆地理特征、水动力环境(含风暴浪等)等方面的差异是导致两岛海滩稳定性差异的主要原因。 相似文献
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Results of three years of directional wave measurement at the Eastern Mediterranean coast of Haifa, Israel are presented. The wave-height and energy-flux distributions reveal a moderately high-energy coast with a bimodal annual cycle.The rate of wave-induced longshore sediment transport is estimated from the directional energy flux distributions. It describes an annual cycle with a maximum northward transport of 75 ± 14 × 103 m3/month in midwinter and a southward transport of 26 ± 5 × 103 m3/month in summer. The net annual transport is northward and computed at 110 ± 100 × 103 m3/yr.We show that a wave-induced transport is sufficient in explaining the apparent transport of sediments in the Nile Littoral Cell, from the Nile Delta source to the Haifa Bay sink. 相似文献
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1999年夏季首次在南海北部海域进行了微微型光合浮游生物(photosynthetic picoplankton)的观测研究,发现了聚球藻(Synechococcus,Syn)、原绿球藻(Prochlorococcus,Pro)和真核球藻(Eukaryotes,Euk)3类微微型光合浮游生物存在,并对其丰度与分布及其环境调控机制进行了研究.结果表明,研究海区Syn,Pro和Euk丰度的总平均值分别为(5.0±7.6)×104,(4.6±4.2)×104和(1.8±1.1)×103个/cm3,Syn种群丰度的高值大多出现在营养盐丰富的雷州半岛及海南岛东部海域的河口、沿岸带与陆架,北部湾次之,是陆坡和开阔海的数十分之一;其水层分布主要在跃层以上,跃层以下其值迅速降低,发现Pro存在两个不同种群:表层种群和深层种群,前者分布型式与Syn相似,后者的分布型式迥然不同,其丰度向营养盐贫瘠的外海、陆坡和开阔海显著增高;同时发现Pro水层分布的高值主要出现在真光层的底部,并往往出现在硝酸盐跃层之上,Euk在不同海域的分布差异不如Syn和Pro来得大,但仍以沿岸带与陆架为高,陆坡与开阔海较低,水层分布的高值大多出现在真光层的底部,而且它是对次表层叶绿素a极大值的主要贡献者,这些分布型式的差异,取决于环境的调控和3类生物生态生理适应的差异.研究海区Syn,Pro和Euk 3类微微型光合浮游生物对微微型光合浮游生物生态生理适应的差异.研究海区Syn,Pro和Euk3类微微型光合浮游生物对微微型光合浮游生物群落总丰度的贡献分别为50.996,47.3%和1.8%. 相似文献
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Relationship between suspended sediments from the Changjiang Estuary and the evolution of the embayed muddy coast of Zhejiang Province 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
South of Hangzhou Bay, Zhejiang Province, exhibits an embayed muddy coastline, with the muddy beaches of embayments extending continuously seaward.The source of sediments on this coast presents an interesting problem to marine geologists and geomorphologists .The total annual load of sediments from the rivers of Zhejiang is only 12×106t.These materials affect only the area near the river mouths. The paper showed that the sediment along the coast of Zhejiang mainly comes from the Changjiang Estuary through analysing the time and space variations of suspended sediment, the features of sediment and the sedimentary transport.The Changjiang River is the largest river system in China, its sediment to the sea amounting to 468×106t. The sediment during summer transports mainly eastward, and is affected by the water body with high temperature, salinity and transparency; the winter season is the period with high sediment concentration. The sediment of the Changjiang Estuary transports together with the longshor 相似文献
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The Bohai Sea is a seasonal icy sea area that has the lowest latitude of any sea experiencing icing in the northern hemisphere, and simulation studies on oil spills during its sea ice period are the key to analyzing winter oil spill accidents. This study applied the three-dimensional free surface to establish a high-resolution hydrodynamic model and simulate tidal distributions in the Bohai Sea. Then, the oil spill model of the open sea area and thermodynamic model were combined to establish a numerical model for the Bohai oil spill during the winter sea ice period. The hydrodynamic model and sea ice growth and melting model were verified, and the parameters were adjusted based on the measured values, which indicate that the numerical model established in this paper is of high accuracy,stability and ubiquity. Finally, after checking the calculations repeatedly, the diffusion coefficient for the Bohai Sea was determined to be 1.0×10~(–7 )m~2/s. It is better that the comprehensive weathering attenuation coefficient is lower than that of a non-winter oil spill, with 1.3×10~(–7 )m~2/s being the most appropriate coefficient. This study can provide the reliable technical support for the operational safety and reduction in losses caused by winter oil spill accidents for the petroleum industry. 相似文献
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The estimate of sea ice resources quantity in the Bohai Sea based on NOAA/AVHRR data 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
YUAN Shuai GU Wei XU Yingjun WANG Ping HUANG Shuqing LE Zhangyan CONG Jianou 《海洋学报(英文版)》2012,31(1):33-40
The research on sea ice resources is the academic base of sea ice exploitation in the Bohai Sea. According to the ice-water spectrum differences and the correlation between ice thickness and albedo, this paper comes up with a sea ice thickness inversion model based on the NOAA/AVHRR data. And then a sea ice resources quantity (SIQ) time series of Bohai Sea is established from 1987 to 2009. The results indicate that the average error of inversion sea ice thickness is below 30%. The maximum sea ice resources quantity is about 6 × 10 9 m 3 and the minimum is 1.3 × 10 9 m 3 . And a preliminary analysis has been made on the errors of the estimate of sea ice resources quantity (SIQ). 相似文献
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近岸海床冲淤变化直接反映海区地貌稳定状态,由此影响海区物质迁移及水运资源可持续利用。基于此,本研究通过选择苍南海域不同时期的海图资料,基于ArcGIS平台探讨该海域多尺度海床冲淤过程,为研究区海岸港工建筑规划与评估提供理论指导。主要研究结果包括：苍南海域海床冲淤变化大致分为四个阶段,即1931—1970年大幅淤积,海床净淤积量达到169.47×106m3,淤积强度为5.18 cm/a;1971—2005年海床淤积幅度减弱,海床净淤积量为12.24×106m3,淤积强度为0.41 cm/a;2006—2009年海床由淤转冲,海床净冲刷量为14.70×106m3,冲刷强度为3.60 cm/a;2010—2017年海床持续冲刷,海床净冲刷量为10.17×106m3,冲刷强度为1.33 cm/a。除1931—1970年10 m等深线向海大幅扩张以及1971—2005年10 m等深线有部分向海扩张外,1971—2017年5 m与10 m等深线普遍向陆后退。2006—2017年,位于北关港内的2 m等深线也向陆后退。冲淤结果显示,苍南海域海床未来可能呈现弱侵蚀态势。其中,风暴潮频发导致海床经常性失稳加之长江入海泥沙的减少导致该区域泥沙补给不足,二者共同作用可能是该区域海床由淤积逐渐转为侵蚀的主导因素。 相似文献
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《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》1999,46(10):2205-2220
Under present-day conditions, rivers are the main source of fine sediments dispersed to the Bay of Biscay. They deliver about 2.5×106 t yr−1 of continental fine sediments, 60% of which is derived from the Gironde estuary. Of this flux, 65% is believed stored on the shelf. Two kinds of mud fields can be found in the Bay of Biscay: coastal mud and shelf mud belts. The total mass of fine sediments stored during the past 2000 years is 3.2×109 t. Consequently, about 0.9×106 t yr−1 could reach the shelf edge and eventually the open sea. From this amount of displaced material and the deposition surface areas, an evaluation of sediment fluxes across the margin during the late Holocene period is discussed. This evaluation is compared with results obtained from ECOsystéme du canyon du cap-FERret (ECOFER) data from sediment traps and surficial box cores. 相似文献
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The area of Arctic sea ice has dramatically decreased, and the length of the open water season has increased;these patterns have been observed by satellite remote sensing since the 1970 s. In this paper, we calculate the net primary productivity(NPP, calculated by carbon) from 2003 to 2016 based on sea ice concentration products,chlorophyll a(Chl a) concentration, photosynthetically active radiation(PAR), sea surface temperature(SST), and sunshine duration data. We then analyse the spatiotemporal changes in the Chl a concentration and NPP and further investigate the relations among NPP, the open water area, and the length of the open water season. The results indicate that(1) the Chl a concentration increased by 0.025 mg/m~3 per year;(2) the NPP increased by 4.29 mg/(m~2·d) per year, reaching a maximum of 525.74 mg/(m~2·d) in 2016; and(3) the Arctic open water area increased by 57.23×10~3 km~2/a, with a growth rate of 1.53 d/a for the length of the open water season. The annual NPP was significantly positively related to the open water area, the length of the open water season and the SST.The daily NPP was also found to have a lag correlation with the open water area, with a lag time of two months.With global warming, NPP has maintained an increasing trend, with the most significant increase occurring in the Kara Sea. In summary, this study provides a macroscopic understanding of the distribution of phytoplankton in the Arctic, which is valuable information for the evaluation and management of marine ecological environments. 相似文献
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On the basis of luminescent microscopy using a DAPI dye, the abundance, morphometric characteristics, and biomass of bacteria in the coastal waters off the northeastern part of the Black Sea in 2005 were considered. The material was collected in June, September, and October along the cross section from Golubaya Bay towards the open part of the sea. An analysis of the microorganism development level showed that the bacteria achieved their maximal abundance in September, amounting, in the closest near-shore area, to 2435 × 103 cells/ml, or 276 mg/m3 of wet weight; the lowest values were characteristic of October. During all the survey periods, coccal forms were prevailing among the microorganisms; regardless of the season, their fraction was maximal at the coastal stations. The greatest prevalence of coccal forms was characteristic of October (83%). The average sizes of the bacterial cells in 2005 varied within 0.073–0.257 μm3. The highest values of the bacterial abundance and biomass, almost in all the cases, were found at coastal stations; with the distance from the coast, a decrease in the bacterioplankton abundance was observed. A comparison of methodically similar data on the concentration of bacteria (dying with acridine orange and DAPI) from 1985 till now shows a trend of the annual growth in the bacterial abundance. 相似文献
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The structure of the annual-mean shallow meridional overturning circulation(SMOC) in the South China Sea(SCS) and the related water movement are investigated,using simple ocean data assimilation(SODA) outputs.The distinct clockwise SMOC is present above 400 m in the SCS on the climatologically annual-mean scale,which consists of downwelling in the northern SCS,a southward subsurface branch supplying upwelling at around 10°N and a northward surface flow,with a strength of about 1×10~6 m~3/s.The formation mechanisms of its branches are studied separately.The zonal component of the annual-mean wind stress is predominantly westward and causes northward Ekman transport above 50 m.The annual-mean Ekman transport across 18°N is about 1.2×10~6 m~3/s.An annual-mean subduction rate is calculated by estimating the net volume flux entering the thermocline from the mixed layer in a Lagrangian framework.An annual subduction rate of about 0.66×10~6m~3/s is obtained between 17° and 20°N,of which 87% is due to vertical pumping and 13% is due to lateral induction.The subduction rate implies that the subdution contributes significantly to the downwelling branch.The pathways of traced parcels released at the base of the February mixed layer show that after subduction water moves southward to as far as 11°N within the western boundary current before returning northward.The velocity field at the base of mixed layer and a meridional velocity section in winter also confirm that the southward flow in the subsurface layer is mainly by strong western boundary currents.Significant upwelling mainly occurs off the Vietnam coast in the southern SCS.An upper bound for the annual-mean net upwelling rate between 10° and 15°N is 0.7×10~6m~3/s,of which a large portion is contributed by summer upwelling,with both the alongshore component of the southwest wind and its offshore increase causing great upwelling. 相似文献