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1.
徽成盆地是西秦岭造山带内一个具有代表性的盆地,保留较完整的地层记录.早白垩世田家坝组、周家湾组和鸡山组为一套砂砾岩沉积组合序列.本文通过对早白垩世砂岩的古水流恢复、砾石成分与含量、重矿物和地球化学分析,对沉积岩物源区特征和原型盆地进行探讨.古水流恢复和砾石成分统计表明,沉积物主要是近源堆积,主要来自于盆地南缘和北部.重矿物研究结果表明,早白垩世砂岩母岩以岩浆岩为主,并有少量变质岩/沉积岩.地球化学分析表明,早白垩世砂岩为成熟度较低的硬砂岩和长石/岩屑砂屑岩.稀土元素标准化配分曲线呈现轻稀土富集、重稀土平坦和弱Eu负异常特征.砂岩物源区组成判别图研究表明,早白垩世砂岩的物源区主要出露长英质火山岩.砂岩源区构造环境判别图解及特征指数分析表明,早白垩世砂岩源区主要形成于大陆岛弧和活动大陆边缘.结合区域资料和前人研究,表明早白垩世徽成地区发育走滑拉分盆地. 相似文献
2.
松辽盆地白垩系泉头组碎屑沉积岩岩石地球化学特征及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
松辽盆地庆安地区白垩系泉头组碎屑沉积岩主要由砂岩、泥岩和粉砂岩类组成。通过对白垩系泉头组碎屑沉积岩岩石样品的岩石化学分析表明 :主元素化学分类结果主要为长石砂岩、页岩 ,少量岩屑砂岩和硬砂岩 ;稀土元素分布模式显示其明显富集轻稀土及Eu负异常 ,并与NASC和PAAS稀土分布模式相似 ;碎屑沉积岩与上地壳的微量元素含量比值曲线显示为平坦型 ,这说明沉积岩是在活动性较弱的构造背景下缓慢沉积 ,具有被动大陆边缘和活动大陆边缘沉积物的特点。松辽盆地庆安地区白垩系泉头组碎屑沉积岩物质来源于张广才岭海西期花岗岩 ,后者的物源来自于上地壳。 相似文献
3.
巴音戈壁盆地塔木素铀矿床地质特征及铀成矿模式研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
巴音戈壁盆地为中国北方重要的能源盆地。笔者通过对盆地内塔木素铀矿床地质特征研究,发现矿床产于因格井凹陷巴音戈壁期微斜坡,晚白垩世和古近纪剥蚀窗口的发育,为成矿流体向盆地内运移提供了有利条件;矿床的主要目的层为下白垩统巴音戈壁组上段二岩段,为扇三角洲-湖泊沉积,扇三角洲砂体发育。巴音戈壁组上段二岩段与巴音戈壁组上段一岩段、三岩段构成有利的"泥-砂-泥"地层结构,有利于含铀含氧水向盆地内运移和层间氧化作用的发生。矿床内氧化带可划分为完全氧化带、氧化还原过渡带和还原带,矿体主要位于氧化还原过渡带中,受氧化带前锋线和氧化还原过渡带控制。矿床内参与铀成矿作用的还原介质主要为内部还原介质和外部还原介质。内部还原介质为目的层本身的有机质、黄铁矿等;外部还原介质为巴音戈壁组上段一岩段、三岩段暗色泥岩中发育的有机质、深部油(气)等。盆地内铀矿化与盆地的构造热事件密切相关,铀成矿作用表现为3期,第一期早白垩世中-晚期((109.7±1.5)Ma～(115.5±1.5)Ma),第二期为晚白垩世晚期—古近纪((45.4±0.6)Ma～(70.9±1.0)Ma)、第三期为新近纪((12.3±0.2)Ma～(2.5±0)Ma)。塔木素铀矿床矿体主要为砂岩型、砂泥混合型、后生泥岩型和同沉积泥岩型,矿体受层间氧化带和沉积相变控制明显。通过矿床构造、目的层沉积体系、氧化带、有机质和铀矿化等特征的研究,建立了矿床铀成矿模式和矿体成因模型,为后期铀成矿作用标志的研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
4.
虎林盆地北部坳陷中、新生代碎屑岩源区构造背景与物源区分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
虎林盆地北部坳陷地层包括下白垩统裴德组、下云山组、上云山组、珠山组，渐新统虎林组和中新统富锦组。北部坳陷砂岩-泥岩由常量、微量和稀土元素组成，揭示早白垩世砂岩-泥岩源区构造背景为活动大陆边缘，渐新统斗新统砂岩-泥岩多呈现出从活动大陆边缘向大陆岛弧转换的地球化学特征。结合沉积相特征和岩屑所反映的源区岩性特点，认为早白垩世时期物源主要来自于坳陷北部完达山造山带和南部古隆起；渐新统物源则主要来自盆地东北部的完达山造山带，并且碎屑岩的原始物质均来自上地壳。 相似文献
5.
庐枞矿集区火山气液型铁、硫矿床及控矿构造的反射地震成像 总被引：16，自引：5，他引：11
高分辨率反射地震在探测深度和分辨率方面具有其它方法无法比拟的优势,为试验该方法在探测深部似"层状"矿床和控矿构造方面的探测效果,作者于2008年在安徽庐枞(庐江-枞阳)矿集区的罗河-泥河-大包庄矿区采集了2条10km的高分辨率反射地震剖面。尽管矿区构造较为复杂,但偏移剖面仍发现了很多与地质吻合的反射。白垩纪沉积盆地(红盆)呈现清晰的三层结构,反映该地区白垩纪以来在伸展构造背景之下沉积环境还存在阶段性变化;盆地之下的反射更可能为晚侏罗世的碎屑岩沉积或中三叠世的碳酸盐岩沉积,红盆之下可能不存在庐枞"耳状"火山岩盆地的另一半。火山岩层大致也呈现3层结构,火山沉积岩层(双庙、砖桥组)的厚度在800～1000m,火山沉积岩之下有明显的"穹隆"状反射,可能为与侵入体有关的隆起。对照精细建立的矿床地质剖面,发现罗河、泥河矿体能够产生清晰的反射,初步证实高分辨反射地震可以直接探测到矿体,但当矿体陡倾、或结构形态复杂、或空间尺寸较小时,对应矿体位置没有可辨识的反射。试验结果表明高分辨率反射地震可以用于探测深部控矿构造,在合适条件下,可以探测似"层状"矿体。 相似文献
6.
东太平洋水合物海岭BSR以上沉积物粒度变化与气体水合物分布 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
文中对国际大洋钻探204航次在太平洋水合物海岭8 个站位BSR深度以上气体水合物稳定带的沉积物进行了粒度分析和对比研究。结果表明,该稳定带内沉积物总体粒径变化特征为:粉砂质量分数在60%~75%之间,为气体水合物稳定带内沉积组分的主体组分。粘土质量分数一般小于35%,砂质量分数小于5%。该结果获得的粒径变化范围,与204 航次中沉积学研究所确定的粘土质粉砂、粉砂质粘土夹含砂质粉砂、含砂质粘土岩性特征一致。各站位沉积粒径变化和代表气体水合物存在的岩心红外照相IR异常低温记录之间的初步对比说明,气体水合物主要富集在沉积组分较粗,相当于粉砂或者砂级质量分数较高的粒度层。统计学的相关性研究结果定量地揭示了各个站位沉积物粒径变粗与气体水合物的存在有不同的相关关系。归纳起来发现,不同构造部位沉积物中气体水合物赋存层段的粒径范围不同。坡后盆地由于当地总体沉积物颗粒细,气体水合物赋存在极细粉砂粒级(8~26μm)的沉积物中。水合物海岭南峰顶部附近站位气体水合物主要赋存在粗粉砂和细砂(50~148μm)之间。 相似文献
7.
8.
藏南林周盆地设兴组砂岩及其中玄武岩夹层的地球化学与成因 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
印度与亚洲大陆的碰撞是青藏高原演化的重要构造事件,碰撞过程被记录在拉萨地块南部的晚白垩世到古新世的沉积-岩浆作用中。林周盆地的晚白垩世设兴组及其之后不整合覆盖的林子宗火山岩,是解析碰撞过程的重要记录。本文对设兴组最高层位的砂岩和玄武岩夹层进行了岩石学、地球化学和年代学研究,探讨了岩石成因和构造意义。设兴组砂岩属于杂砂岩,碎屑物质主要来自中酸性岩浆岩源区;锆石Hf同位素指示设兴组大部分碎屑物质来源于盆地北面的中部拉萨地块,少部分来自盆地南部的冈底斯岩基;砂岩中最年轻的碎屑锆石年龄指示林周盆地设兴组是在98Ma之后接受沉积的。以夹层产出在设兴组顶部的玄武岩和玄武安山岩,富集轻稀土元素、亏损重稀土元素、弱负Eu异常,强烈富集Ba、Th、U、Pb等大离子亲石元素,显著亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素,属于高钾钙碱性玄武岩系列,与典型安第斯型玄武岩特征吻合。玄武岩和玄武安山岩的锆石均为捕获锆石,其最年轻碎屑锆石年龄限定了设兴组玄武岩的喷发晚于110Ma。综合分析表明,林周盆地晚白垩世时期为夹持在冈底斯岩浆弧与中部拉萨地块之间的弧后盆地,新特提斯洋壳晚白垩世俯冲到冈底斯弧和弧后盆地之下,大约在98～110Ma之后喷发到林周盆地的很少量中基性岩浆构成了设兴组顶部的玄武岩和玄武安山岩夹层,是新特提斯洋俯冲相关的幔源岩浆作用。林周盆地设兴组(晚于98Ma)与上覆的林子宗火山岩(底部约为65Ma)之间呈大约33Myr的构造间断,可能代表了冈底斯弧的碰撞之前的隆升剥蚀过程。 相似文献
9.
辽西义县盆地义县组底部沉积相与沉积环境分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
辽西义县盆地下白垩统义县组底部发育有马神庙、老公沟两个沉积层。马神庙沉积层从下至上可以划分出6个沉积亚层,其下部复成分砾岩沉积层为干旱气候条件下形成的洪（冲）积扇底部沉积相、洪（冲）积扇上的山洪冲槽充填相;中部为复成分砾岩夹凝灰质沉积层;顶部被中基性的火山岩覆盖。老公沟沉积层下部是以泥质粉砂岩为主的滨浅湖相、洪（冲）积扇向湖盆过渡的季节性河流作用形成的粗砂岩—含砾粗砂岩沉积相;顶部为一套滨浅湖相的膨润土化粉砂岩—膨润土—碳酸盐岩沉积岩石组合。义县盆地演化初期气候干旱,盆地边缘地势起伏较大,盆地边缘形成洪（冲）积扇、扇面上发育洪槽充填沉积作用,洪（冲）积扇向湖盆过渡区存在季节性河流;老公沟顶部湖泊相沉积指示受区域季节性变化的半干旱、频繁火山作用影响下,湖盆水深频繁波动的古地理、古气候的沉积特征。义县组底部沉积相表现了该盆地边缘向中心横向上的洪（冲）扇、季节性河流和湖泊沉积的三相发育的古地理特征。 相似文献
10.
Dissolved (<1 kDa), colloidal (1 kDa–0.45 μm) and particulate (>0.45 μm) size fractions of 30 elements were determined for four rivers (Sirppujoki, Laajoki, Mynäjoki and Paimionjoki), including 12 low-order inflow streams, largely affected by soil erosion and acidity in SW Finland. In addition, geochemical modelling was used to predict the formation of free ions and complexes in these rivers. Total metal concentrations were relatively high but most of the elements occurred mainly in a colloidal or particulate form and even elements expected to be very soluble occurred to a large extent in colloidal form. According to geochemical modelling these patterns could be explained by in-stream metal complexation/adsorption only to a limited extent. Instead there were strong indications that the high metal concentrations and dominant solid fractions were largely caused by erosion of metal bearing phyllosilicates. A strong influence of acid sulphate (AS) soils, known to exist in the catchment, could be clearly distinguished in Sirppujoki river as it had very high concentrations of dissolved metals, while in the two nearby rivers (Laajoki and Mynäjoki) the influence of AS soils was largely masked by eroded phyllosilicates. In Paimionjoki river the colloidal and particulate fractions dominated very strongly, indicating that total metal concentrations are almost solely controlled by erosion of phyllosilicates. Consequently, rivers draining clay plains sensitive to erosion, like those in SW Finland, have generally high “background” metal concentrations due to erosion of relatively non-toxic colloidal/particulate phyllosilicates. Thus, relying on only semi-dissolved (<0.45 μm) concentrations obtained in routine monitoring and/or speciation modelling can lead to a great overestimation of the water toxicity in this environment. 相似文献
11.
Rare earth element distributions in some Precambrian rocks and their phyllosilicates,Numedal, Norway
Elen Roaldset 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1975,39(4):455-469
Mass spectrometric analyses for rare earth elements (REE) have been carried out on some Precambrian mica schists, gneisses and granites from the Precambrian Numedal area, Norway and on their phyllosilicates. The rocks, which are metamorphosed in the upper greenschist to amphibolite facies, were originally partly sedimentary, partly magmatic.The total REE contents for rocks varies from 145 to 761 ppm. An average of 16 phyllosilicate samples gave 417 ppm REE (max. of 1809 ppm, min. of ca. 50 ppm). Coexisting light and dark phyllosilicates have similar abundances of REE. For the micas of high REE content most of the REE was extractable by rinsing with EDTA. The data thus support the possibility of an extensive adsorption of REE ions on micaceous minerals. The REE distribution patterns do not provide a clear distinction between the sedimentary and magmatic origin for the rocks examined. 相似文献
12.
内蒙古二连裂谷盆地“同盆多类型"铀矿床组合与找矿方向 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
自20世纪90年代开始,核工业部门在二连盆地中开展了广泛的铀矿找矿工作,在乌兰察布和马尼特2个坳陷中发现了多个不同类型的铀矿床。文章从裂谷盆地的发展演化入手,分析了二连盆地构造演化阶段和各阶段中沉积充填类型特征。根据构造-沉积-含铀含氧流体在时空上的耦合作用及其结果,初步建立了早白垩世早期腾格尔组中含煤(砂)泥岩型道尔苏矿床、侧向氧化和垂向氧化形成的赛汉组中古河道砂岩型巴彦乌拉和赛汉高毕矿床、以及晚白垩世二连组中由蒸发沉积-成岩-热流体改造形成的努和廷矿床等"同盆多类型"铀矿成矿模型。同时,依据铀矿床成矿地质作用和地质特征,以及不同类型铀矿化发育的空间部位特点,指出了"同盆多类型"铀矿在盆地凹陷中发育的有利空间位置,总结了裂谷盆地不同阶段的"同盆多类型"铀矿床组合规律,为在东北亚地区类似盆地中找寻相似的铀矿床组合指明了方向。 相似文献
13.
The geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of bulk samples and various size fractions of sulfide-bearing fine-grained
sediments in the Petalax area, western Finland, were studied with ICP-AES (aqua regia digestion and "total" digestion) and
X-ray diffraction. The sediments, which are dominated by particles <0.06 mm (clay and silt size), are composed of phyllosilicates
(micas, kaolinite, chlorite, vermiculite), quartz, feldspars, amphiboles, organic matter, and secondary S minerals. The chemical
analyses show that Na, Ca, and Sr are enriched in the silt and sand fractions, that Zr is enriched in the silt fraction, and
that the concentrations of all other studied metals (Al, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, La, Mg, Mn, Nb, Ni, Sc, Th, Ti, V, Y, and
Zn) increase from the sand to the clay fraction. Sodium, Ca, and Sr occur largely in poorly dissolved feldspars, which explains
the distribution of these metals in the sediments. The increase in the concentrations of most metals in the clay fraction
is interpreted to be the result mainly of an increase in phyllosilicates in this size fraction. A geochemical comparison between
the sulfide-bearing fine-grained sediments and glacial till shows that the former are enriched in several potentially toxic
metals. It is therefore argued that the hydrological and ecological problems associated with the sulfide-bearing sediments
are related not only to the production of acidity in oxidized layers, but also to mobilization and dispersion of toxic metals.
Strategies to minimize damage of freshwater systems in areas covered with sulfide-bearing fine-grained sediments are suggested.
Received: 20 February 1997 · Accepted: 25 August 1997 相似文献
14.
The Cheshmeh-Frezi Mn deposit belongs to the southwest Sabzevar basin to the north of the Central Iranian microcontinent. This basin, which hosts abundant mineral deposits including Mn exhalative and Besshi-type Cu-Zn volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits, followed an evolution closely related to the subduction of the Neo-Tethys oceanic crust beneath the Central Iranian microcontinent. Two major sedimentary sequences are recorded within this basin: (I) the Lower Late Cretaceous volcano-sedimentary sequence (LLCVSS) and (II) the Upper Late Cretaceous sedimentary dominated sequence (ULCSS). The Cheshmeh-Frezi Mn deposit is hosted within red tuff with interbeds of green tuffaceous sandstone of the LLCVSS. Mineralization occurs as stratiform blanket-like and tabular orebodies. Psilomelane, pyrolusite and braunite are the main minerals of the ore, which display a variety of textures. Such as layered, laminated, disseminated, massive, replacement or open space fillings. The footwall and hanging-wall volcanic rocks are predominantly andesite and trachyandesite rocks. Footwall and hangingwall volcanic rocks at Cheshmeh-Frezi are enriched in light rare earth elements (LREEs) compared to chondrite, have steep REE patterns, and generally show Ta and Nb depletions relative to chondrite which are characteristic of back-arc environments. The significant geochemical characteristics of ore such as high Mn content (12.41–33.14 wt%; average 19.41 wt%), low concentration of Fe (0.64–2.27 wt%; average 1.63 wt%), high Ba (49.7–9901 ppm, average 2728.67 ppm), LREE > HREE, and negative Ce and Eu anomalies reveal a primary distal hydrothermal-exhalative source for mineralization. Cheshmeh-Frezi deposit, in comparison with different types of volcanogenic manganese deposits shows broad similarities with the Cuban-type Mn deposits such as tectonic, host and associated rock types, geometry, textures, structures, mineralogy and lithogeochemistry. 相似文献
15.
全球性的构造运动末期一般伴着海退和干旱的气候环境,而蒸发岩沉积与大地构造条件紧密相关。中亚卡拉库姆盆地、阿富汗_塔吉克盆地、塔里木盆地自晚侏罗世至中新世以来至少发生了3次大规模海侵_海退旋回,每次海侵_海退均受特提斯构造事件控制。卡拉库姆盆地、阿富汗_塔吉克盆地为晚侏罗世—早白垩世蒸发岩沉积、塔里木盆地的莎车次级盆地为晚白垩世—古新世蒸发岩沉积,库车次级盆地为古新世—中新世蒸发岩沉积,形成特提斯构造域自西向东蒸发岩沉积时代逐渐变新的盐湖链。中亚及塔里木盐湖链在海侵_海退旋回的控制下,至少发生5次大规模的蒸发岩沉积,发育2种不同的蒸发岩沉积序列,分别对应3次海退期蒸发岩沉积序列及2次断续海侵期蒸发岩沉积序列,具体为晚侏罗世晚期(海退期)卡拉库姆盆地、阿富汗_塔吉克盆地蒸发岩沉积;早白垩世—晚白垩世早期(断续海侵期)阿富汗_塔吉克盆地蒸发岩沉积;晚白垩世晚期(海退期)莎车次级盆地蒸发岩沉积;古新世—中新世(断续海侵期)莎车次级盆地、库车次级盆地蒸发岩沉积;中新世晚期—上新世早期(海退期)库车次级盆地蒸发岩沉积。塔里木与中亚古盐湖发育受控于特提斯构造事件及海侵_海退旋回,而海侵_海退旋回又控制2种不同的蒸发岩沉积序列。蒸发岩沉积序列、古盐湖演化阶段、蒸发岩物质来源、沉积环境决定了盐类矿物沉积类型(单一化学岩型、陆缘碎屑岩_化学岩型),卡拉库姆盆地、阿富汗_塔吉克盆地盐类矿物与塔里木盆地相比,种类简单,反映了盆地化学岩与陆源碎屑_化学岩沉积的区别及后期构造运动对盐类矿物种类的主控作用。 相似文献
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为揭示孙吴-嘉荫盆地晚白垩世富饶组和太平林场组的物源特征及其构造背景,对两组样品进行了碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年和地球化学特征研究.富饶组碎屑锆石55个测点产生以下年龄峰值:65 Ma、280 Ma和496 Ma,太平林场组碎屑锆石78个测点产生以下年龄峰值:98 Ma,189 Ma,240 Ma和488 Ma,表明富饶组和太平林场组具有混合物源的特征.Al2O3/TiO2平均值分别为41.42和29.31,结合主量、微量及稀土元素特征和碎屑锆石峰值年龄,确定富饶组和太平林场组物源主要为晚中生代长英质火成岩和沉积岩.地球化学和区域构造演化特征共同揭示富饶组和太平林场组物源区构造背景为活动大陆边缘,区域内晚中生代岩浆事件、佳木斯地块北部麻山群及广泛分布的古生代花岗岩为盆地晚白垩世地层提供了沉积物源. 相似文献
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早白垩世剑门关组是研究四川盆地北部沉积环境演化的良好地层,对该地层开展系统的地球化学研究,对探讨四川盆地北部早白垩世剑门关组物源区性质、构造背景、古风化作用及古环境具有重要意义。系统分析了剑门关组泥质岩主量、微量和稀土元素地球化学特征,发现早白垩世剑门关组泥质岩富CaO、MgO,贫Al_2O_3、Fe_2O_3、K_2O、Na_2O、TiO_2、P_2O_5、MnO,富Cr、Cs、V,贫Sr、Nb、U、Hf,稀土元素总量为(164.96～234.35)×10-6,轻、重稀土元素比值为11.77～15.87,轻、重稀土元素分馏程度高,轻稀土元素相对富集,具弱的正Eu异常。综合分析认为:剑门关组为同一物源的近物源再旋回沉积岩;源岩为沉积岩,可能富含斜长石、重晶石等富Eu矿物;源岩在沉积前经历了中等程度的化学风化作用,并发生了钾交代作用;剑门关组沉积期为温暖、湿润的气候,物源区具有由活动大陆边缘向大陆岛弧转化的特征。 相似文献
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库车坳陷晚白垩世地层存在的证据和沉积相分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
库车坳陷是我国重要的能源基地之一,白垩系是其主要储层。长期以来,该坳陷白垩系的地层划分存在较大争议,其中是否存在上白垩统是争议问题焦点之一。笔者等根据发现的晚白垩世钙质超微化石,证实了库车坳陷巴什基奇克组上部地层属于晚白垩世并存在海相沉积;根据前人在库车坳陷及塔东北井下发现的晚白垩世介形虫、轮藻等化石,证实了这些地区也同样存在上白垩统,古城组是其晚白垩世陆相沉积的代表。若干露头剖面和井下岩芯晚白垩世钙质超微化石的发现,表明特提斯海水曾侵进到该盆地。该坳陷及塔东北地区晚白垩世存在海相和陆相两类沉积体系。 相似文献
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A. I. Serezhnikov 《Russian Journal of Pacific Geology》2011,5(3):250-261
The Balei epithermal vein gold-quartz deposit is located in the Lower Cretaceous sedimentary sequence. The detailed geological
and hydrogeological study of the deposit allowed us to reconstruct the paleohydrogeological conditions of the ore formation.
This was particularly promoted by the preservation of the initial geological and hydrogeological structure—a graben-like depression
hosting a subsurface water basin. The ore field was formed due to the Early Cretaceous high-temperature hydrothermal activity.
The ore-bearing solutions originated via the interaction of the deep fluids with rocks and local subsurface waters. The solutions
boiled at the depth of ∼600 m and gold was deposited from the degassed liquid phase. 相似文献