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1.
Ya Luo Shengtian Yang Changsen Zhao Xiaoyan Liu Changming Liu Linna Wu Haigen Zhao Yichi Zhang 《地理学报(英文版)》2014,24(5):802-814
In areas with topographic heterogeneity, land use change is spatially variable and influenced by climate, soil properties, and topography. To better understand this variability in the high-sediment region of the Loess Plateau in which soil loss is most severe and sediment diameter is larger than in other regions of the plateau, this study builds some indicators to identify the characteristics of land use change and then analyze the spatial variability as it is affected by climate, soil property, and topography. We build two indicators, a land use change intensity index and a vegetation change index, to characterize the intensity of land use change, and the degree of vegetation restoration, respectively. Based on a subsection mean method, the two indicators are then used to assess the spatial variability of land use change affected by climatic, edaphic, and topographic elements. The results indicate that： 1） Land use changed significantly in the period 1998-2010. The total area experiencing land use change was 42,302 km2, accounting for 22.57%of the study area. High-coverage grassland, other woodland, and forest increased significantly, while low-coverage grassland and farmland decreased in 2010 compared with 1998.2） Land use change occurred primarily west of the Yellow River, between 35 and 38 degrees north latitude. The four transformation types, including （a） low-coverage grassland to medium-coverage grassland, （b） medium-coverage grassland to high-coverage grassland, （c） farmland to other woodland, and （d） farmland to medium-coverage grassland, were the primary types of land use change, together constituting 60% of the area experiencing land use change. 3） The spatial variability of land use change was significantly affected by properties of dryness/wetness, soil conditions and slope gradient. In general, land use changed dramatically in semi-arid regions, remained relatively stable in arid regions, changed significantly in clay-rich soil, remained relatively stable in clay-poor soil, changed dramatically in steeper slopes, and remained relatively stable in tablelands and low-lying regions. The increase in vegetation coincided with increasing changes in land use for each physical element. These findings allow for an evaluation of the effect of the Grain to Green Program, and are applicable to the design of soil and water conservation projects on the Loess Plateau of China. 相似文献
2.
Using Landsat remote sensing images, we analyzed changes in each land use type and transitions among different land use types during land use and land cover change (LUCC) in Ningwu County, located in the eastern Loess Plateau of China, from 1990 to 2010. We found that grassland, woodland, and farmland were the main land use types in the study area, and the area of each type changed slightly from 1990 to 2010, whereas the area of water, construction land, and unused land increased greatly. For the whole area, the net change and total change were insignificant due to weak human activity intensity in most of the study area, and the LUCC was dominated by quasi-balanced two-way transitions from 1990 to 2010. The insignificant overall amount of LUCC appears to have resulted from offsetting of rapid increases in population, economic growth, and the implementation of a program to return farmland to woodland and grassland in 2000. This program converted more farmland into woodland and grassland from 2000 to 2010 than from 1990 to 2000, but reclamation of woodland and grassland for use as farmland continued from 2000 to 2010, and is a cause for concern to the local government. 相似文献
3.
基于TVDI的黄土高原地表干燥度与土地利用的关系研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
基于地表温度和植被指数的经验关系构建地表干燥度指数。该指数对Ts/NDVI特征空间的生态特征的解释,对土壤和作物的水分含量具有一定的指示意义。通过对地表干燥度进行分级,分析陕北黄土高原区地表含水状况的空间差异,进而结合该地区的主要土地利用类型,探讨各类型的干燥度情况,并对不同地表干燥度条件下各土地利用类型对地表水分的保持能力差异进行分析,结果表明,在该区相对湿润环境中,林地以及疏林地的水分保持能力优于农地和草地,但在干旱的环境下,草地则好于林地及疏林地。建议根据不同土地利用类型的保水能力,在湿润区域增加林地的面积比例,在偏湿润区域增加疏林地的面积,在干旱区域增加草地的比例,减少农地开垦。 相似文献
4.
奈曼旗20世纪80年代以来土地覆盖/利用变化研究 总被引：22，自引：9，他引：13
奈曼旗是我国北方农牧交错带沙漠化最严重的地区之一, 也是中国沙漠化监测和治理的重要地区之一。自20世纪80年代以来开始实行一系列土地整治措施, 土地覆盖/利用发生很大变化。利用1980年和1996年的1: 10万的TM遥感影像及GIS获得的数据, 从土地覆盖/利用结构变化、数量变化、空间景观特征变化以及主要变化过程等方面对其进行了研究。结果表明, 80年代以来奈曼旗耕地与难利用土地大幅减少, 林地和草地大幅增加; 土地覆盖/利用变化的主要过程为: 耕地退耕还草、还林, 难利用土地恢复为草地, 在适宜的草地上植树造林; 景观变得破碎, 土地利用的多样性增强。 相似文献
5.
黄土丘陵区典型小流域土地利用变化研究——以陕西延安地区大南沟流域为例 总被引：50，自引：12，他引：50
利用航片解译和景生态学方法研究了陕北黄土丘陵区大南沟流域在20世纪70年代和90年代的土地利用结构的特点和变化，结果表：从1975年到1999年，梯田，坡耕地，稀疏林地，灌丛面积减少，所占百分比呈下降趋势，而有林地，果园，荒地所占百分比呈上升趋势，梯田，有林地，灌丛和茺地平均斑块面积在增大，而坡耕地，稀疏林地，果园的平均斑块面积在减小，果园和坡耕地分维数在变大，斑块形状趋于复杂化，而有林地，稀疏林地，灌丛，梯田和荒地的斑块分维数在变小，斑块形状趋势规则小，有林地，灌丛，果园，荒地的分离度在下降，稀疏林地，梯田和坡耕地的分离度在上升，说明有林地，罐丛，果园和荒地的地位在上升，而稀疏林地，梯田和坡耕地的地位在下降，全区单位面积的斑块数目的磁大，在一定程度上表明农田中地块之间的边界增多，其结果是导致一些土地资源和浪费和不利于土地管理，景观多样性指数和土地利用相对合理指数在增大，但变化较小，1997年与1975年相比，整体上土利用结构稍有好转，但这种土地利用结构远未达理想状态。 相似文献
6.
During the last decade of the 20th century, extensive conversion in agricultural land use took place in Northeast China. The goal of this study is to ascertain its spatial distribution and regional differentiation, determine its causes, and analyze its environmental impact. Especially we attempt to elucidate how institutional constraints have facilitated the change at a time of agrarian restructuring when newly emerging free market was hybridized with the former planned economy. Information on six categories of land use was mapped from interpretation of Landsat TM images recorded in 1990, 1995 and 2000. Most of land use changes took place during the first half of the decade, coinciding with abrupt and chaotic changes in government directives. Farmland was changed mainly to woodland, water body and built-up areas while woodland and grassland were converted chiefly to farmland. Spatially, the change from farmland to woodland was restricted to the west of the study area. The change from grassland to farmland took place in the grazing and farming interlocked west. These chaotic and occasionally conflicting changes were largely caused by lack of stability and consistency in agricultural land use policies promulgated. They have exerted adverse impacts on the local environment, including land degradation, increased flooding, and modified climate regime. 相似文献
7.
During the last decade of the 20th century, extensive conversion in agricultural land use took place in Northeast China. The goal of this study is to ascertain its spatial distribution and regional differentiation, determine its causes, and analyze its environmental impact, Especially we attempt to elucidate how institutional constraints have facilitated the change at a time of agrarian restructuring when newly emerging free market was hybridized with the former planned economy. Information on six categories of land use was mapped from interpretation of Landsat TM images recorded in 1990,1995 and 2000. Most of land use changes took place during the first half of the decade, coinciding with abrupt and chaotic changes in government directives. Farmland was changed mainly to woodland,water body and built-up areas while woodland and grassland were converted chiefly to farmland.Spatially, the change from farmland to woodland was restricted to the west of the study area. The change from grassland to farmland took place in the grazing and farming interlocked west. These chaotic and occasionally conflicting changes were largely caused by lack of stability and consistency in agricultural land use policies promulgated. They have exerted adverse impacts on the local environment, including land degradation, increased flooding, and modified climate regime. 相似文献
8.
The causes and environmental effects of land use conversion during agricultural restructuring in Northeast China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1IntroductionLand use change has received lots of attention internationally (Turner etal., 1994). Understanding of the mechanism of land use change and its adverse effect on the environment is conducive to understanding of population, resources, environment and sustainable economic development on the global, national and regional scales. With the rapid rise in human population, human-induced changes in land use form an important component of regional environmental change. In China, to emphasi… 相似文献
9.
During the last quarter of the 20th century the agrarian sector in China went through a series of reforms. Changes in government policy on land use led to extensive changes in land cover, culminating in the 1990s. These changes were detected from multi-temporal Landsat TM images of 1990, 1995 and 2000 for Northeast China. Overlay of the mapped land cover in ArcInfo showed that farmland and grassland decreased while water, built-up areas, and woodland increased. More than three-quarters of the detected changes occurred during 1990–1995. Farmland changed mainly to woodland, water, and built-up areas while woodland and grassland were converted chiefly to farmland. Spatially, the change from woodland to farmland adjoined the margin of natural forests while change in the opposite direction was restricted to the agropastoral west. Paradoxically, reclamation of grassland to farmland also took place in the agropastoral west. These conflicting changes were caused primarily by lack of stability and consistency in the government's land use policies. 相似文献
10.
基于遥感和GIS的松嫩沙地土地利用/土地覆被时空格局研究 总被引：23，自引：9，他引：14
利用1986年和2000年2期TM影像资料,建立相应的空间图形库系统,定量分析了松嫩沙地典型区近15a来土地利用数量变化,从土地利用斑块特征、斑块空间邻接关系变化和主导变化类型角度对土地利用/覆被格局进行了清晰的空间描述。结果表明,研究时段内该区土地利用量变和质变活跃。耕地面状成片、条带状延伸和斑块状空间扩展,从整体上呈现集中化特征。较大面积的草地和林地被分割、破碎化,小块盐碱化草地空间聚集与扩张。耕地与草地、草地与盐碱地空间相邻度变大,草地开垦强度增大、土地盐碱化日益严重。空间变化上表现为耕地、林地、草地和未利用地之间相互转化,以草地、林地-旱地,草地-未利用地,未利用地-旱地、水田及旱地-水田最为显著。 相似文献
11.
土地利用变化引发的水资源问题往往成为跨界流域各国矛盾的焦点,如何充分考虑跨界流域的特殊性和复杂性,对土地利用变化研究提出了新的要求。本文利用 MODIS产品提取了伊犁河流域2001-2009年土地利用数据,划分流域的产水/耗水区,结合流域跨界特点分析其土地利用变化特征。研究时段内,伊犁河流域土地利用以农田和天然植被为主,农田总面积有所下降,天然植被面积基本稳定。其中上中游产水区林地出现萎缩,草地面积增幅较大;中游水库耗水区内农田大幅度转化为天然植被;下游三角洲耗水区土地利用开发受限,人类干预程度下降。产流区内中国农田面积相对境外持续增加,而天然植被面积相对境外则持续缩小。受制度影响,哈萨克斯坦境内土地利用变化波动明显,中国境内土地利用变化幅度相对稳定。 相似文献
12.
阴山中段山地土地利用类型转换格局分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用1990年TM数据和2000年ETM数据,以农牧交错带的阴山山地中段为研究区,分析1990～2000年土地利用类型的空间分异规律,重点探讨各土地利用类型中耕地、林地和草地的变化过程。研究表明,耕地的转移流向主要集中于草地,而草地的转移流向又集中于耕地,林地消失区主要转变为草地。阴山北麓为草地向耕地转变的集中区域;阴山南部是林地向草地转变最为集中的区域;阴山中部土地利用类型相互转化相对较少。在土地利用的垂向变化上,耕地减少区域集中分布于海拔1500～1600m及1700～1850m;而其他土地利用类型向耕地转变的集中分布区域大致在海拔1700～1900m范围;海拔1600-1800m为草地-耕地相互转移变化最为集中的区域;草地面积主要在海拔1450-1600m范围增加,在1650-1800m范围内减少;林地除在海拔2000～2200m范围内与非林地相互转变大致持平外,在其余地区均发生退化。海拔1800m和海拔2100左右是本农牧交错带山地土地利用类型波动最为集中的两个分布区。 相似文献
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14.
Conversion of cropland to forestry and grassland is an important method to reduce soil erosion and improve the biophysical environment in the Loess Plateau. The feasibility, methods, and environmental effects of cropland conversion were studied based on 11 typical watersheds of national experimental bases instead of different geographic areas of the Loess Plateau. Between 1986 and 2000, cropland, sloping cropland and non-agricultural land decreased by 8%, 92.5% and 8% respectively, while forestry increased by 15.7%. The land use change not only decreased annual soil erosion by 74%, but also increased vegetation coverage by 100% and improved the soil condition and biodiversity. This can be achieved by building basic farmland, increasing capital and scientific input, and planting trees and grasses according to the natural biophysical restrictions. 相似文献
15.
Conversion of cropland to forestry and grassland is an important method to reduce soil erosion and improve the biophysical environment in the Loess Plateau. The feasibility, methods, and environmental effects of cropland conversion were studied based on 11 typical watersheds of national experimental bases instead of different geographic areas of the Loess Plateau. Between 1986 and 2000,cropland, sloping cropland and non-agricultural land decreased by 8%, 92.5% and 8% respectively,while forestry increased by 15.7%. The land use change not only decreased annual soil erosion by 74%, but also increased vegetation coverage by 100% and improved the soil condition and biodiversity. This can be achieved by building basic farmland, increasing capital and scientific input,and planting trees and grasses according to the natural biophysical restrictions. 相似文献
16.
基于遥感技术的银川市土地利用/覆被研究 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
为消除地形复杂地区不同地物的同谱异物现象,在遥感(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS)技术的支持下,采用分区分类方法对宁夏银川市1991和1999年的Landsat TM/ETM 影像进行解译,得到了银川市两期土地利用/覆被变化数据。在此基础上,通过转移矩阵和土地利用/覆被变化幅度、动态度及状态指数模型,对银川市土地利用/覆被变化的状况和变化过程进行了研究。结果表明,在研究期内,银川市各土地利用/覆被变化类型都有不同程度的变化。林地、耕地和城市用地转入大于转出,朝着规模增加的方向发展,而草地和水体转出大于转入,朝着规模缩小的方向发展,未利用地虽然转入大于转出,但变化缓慢;土地利用/覆被年变化率最大的是草地,其次为耕地,未利用地的最小。 相似文献
17.
辽河干流上游流域土地利用对土壤颗粒分形维数影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
分析了辽河干流典型风沙区林地、草地和农田土壤颗粒的分形维数空间分布特征。结果表明：土壤颗粒分形维数总体表现为农田高于林地和草地,且在农田土壤30~50 cm深度时达到最大值（2.58）,在草地土壤0~10 cm出现最小值（2.26）;在林地土壤中随深度增加而减小,在草地和农田土壤中随深度增加而增加。土壤分形维数均与粉粒含量极显著正相关（P<0.01）。农田更有利于土壤细小颗粒的形成,改良土壤质地,土壤结构相对较好,其次是林地,草地相对较差。 相似文献
18.
东北样带土地利用变化对生态服务价值的影响 总被引：53，自引：0，他引：53
根据中国东北样带上不同的土地利用组合类型, 分别选取抚松县、磐石市、公主岭市、通辽市及林西县作为典型区, 运用GIS 和遥感技术分析近30 年来不同类型区土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响。本文选取基于货币量的价值量评价法, 参考Costanza 等人的研究 成果, 结合研究区的实际情况, 运用中国陆地生态系统服务单位面积价值的平均值来分析研 究区的生态系统服务价值变化情况。研究结果表明, 1976-2000 年间东北样带土地利用类型变化很大, 土地利用程度均呈加大趋势, 耕地、林地和草地的ESV 均有较大变动, 不同类型区单位面积的ESV 差别也很大, 其基本分布规律为林区> 农林交错区> 牧区> 农牧交错区> 农区。敏感性分析结果表明, 研究区内ESV 对生态服务功能价值指数是缺乏弹性的, 研究结 果是可信的。 相似文献
19.
监测土地利用/覆盖及生态系统服务价值变化是评估生态工程效益最直接有效的方式。以京津风沙源治理工程区为研究区,基于土地利用/覆盖变化面积和植被覆盖度等指标,从土地利用/覆盖类型转换和土地覆盖渐变两个角度揭示区域土地利用/覆盖变化过程;并运用改进的当量因子法,评估同期生态系统服务价值的变化。结果表明：区域草地面积超过总面积的一半,总体上呈现草地和耕地集中分布,林地、沙丘零散镶嵌的格局。1990—2018年,区域沙地、草地面积减少,耕地、林地面积增加;同时,沙地上表现出植被覆盖增加的渐变特征,增速为每10年约增长4.22%。同期区域生态系统服务价值呈现出先减少后增加的趋势,生态工程实施后,2010—2018年生态系统服务价值增加明显。1990—2018年,生态系统服务价值总体上增加了3 655.21亿元,其中,由土地利用/覆盖类型变化导致的价值增加量为120.53亿元,而由土地覆盖渐变导致的增加量为5 355.04亿元。土地覆盖渐变对生态系统服务价值的影响不容忽视,我们建议在生态建设过程中,不仅要重视退耕还林、未利用地造林种草等土地利用/覆盖方式的改变,更要关注草地和林地的修复和恢复,注重生态工程成果的维持和质量的提升。 相似文献
20.
新开河流域土地利用格局变化图谱分析 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
基于地学信息图谱分析方法,运用ARC/INFO软件,以马尔柯夫空间概率模型为基础,利用新开河流域33 年(1969-2001 年) 土地利用格局4 期的空间数据(1969 年、1979 年、1992年、2001 年),合成了一系列土地利用格局变化图谱,通过图谱分析来了解新开河流域的土地利用格局变化规律。结果表明：在过去33 年期间该流域土地利用格局发生了显著变化。耕地大幅度增加,其净增面积1357.2 km2,占流域总面积超过32%,其主要来源于草地、沙地、沼泽地、林地;沙地变化有所起伏,占流域总面积不低于23%,虽然总体呈减少趋势,但流域的草地沙化、耕地沙化还比较严重;草地大幅度减少,其净减面积1582.6 km2,占流域总面积由36.2%缩减为18.5%,其主要来源于开垦草地为耕地、草地退化成沙地、沼泽地、盐碱地以及草地改造种植林地;居民地、盐碱地呈增加趋势,湿地、林地呈减少趋势。 相似文献