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The integrated use of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and ground penetrating radar (GPR) measurements, and in particular the joint analysis of 2D and 3D data, can represent a valid solution for target identification at complex archaeological sites. A good example, in this respect, is given by the case study of a Phoenician–Punic necropolis in the archaeological site of Nora, in southern Sardinia (Italy), where GPR and ERT measurements were collected before site excavation. In this specific case, the mix of soil and air in the buried chambers, as well as the orientation and the complex spatial distribution of these structures into the sandstone bedrock, generated a number of anomalies difficult to interpret only using 2D results. Only the integration of all GPR and ERT data in a 3D view, and the comparison with archaeological evidence after the excavation, allowed a solid interpretation of geophysical anomalies visible in the 2D sections. Overall, this case study demonstrates the efficiency of the combined use of GPR and ERT acquisitions and shows how, in general, only the joint analysis of 2D data and in a 3D view can help the interpretation of the real distribution of the buried archaeological remains at similar archaeological complex sites. 相似文献
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对山东省几个考古发掘遗址进行了地震考古研究,着重对其中的自然变形现象进行识别和分析。其中,在济南郊区的大辛庄商代遗址中甄别出非构造变形的现象;在章丘城子崖龙山文化层中识别出砂脉充填裂隙;在滨州秦皇台商周文化层中发现槽壁上砂脉和槽底密集分布的砂管;在临淄齐国故城城墙分别鉴别出构造和非构造成因裂隙;在日照尧王城见龙山-战汉时期文化层中平行分布的砂脉裂隙组;在滕州薛国故城城墙识别出典型共轭剪切裂隙。上述自然变形现象集中显现于春秋-战汉期及以前的文化层中,且多表现为砂脉等地震液化痕迹,显示相当时期所在地区可能处于地震相对活跃期,上述推断部分得到微观分析资料证实。 相似文献
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According to archaeological investigation and preliminary excavation, the Yangjia Site, located in the northern Taihu Lake region, at Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, is a Neolithic archaeological site dominated by cultural remains attributed to the late Majiabang Culture(6270–5920 cal. a BP). Here a systematic archaeobotanical study was conducted to investigate vegetation landscape, environmental characteristics and rice agriculture in the prehistoric northern Taihu Lake area. The abundance, frequency and standard density of charred rice were the highest of all of the remains of the seed plants unearthed. In addition, a variety of wetland weeds, such as Haloragaceae, Cyperaceae, Carex sp., and Oxalis corniculata, were found. Pollen and phytoliths recorded that the evergreen-deciduous broadleaf mixed forest(represented by Quercus and Castanopsis) tends to decrease, while Poaceae was the most significant of the terrestrial herbs, water area expanded and water activities strengthened, indicating generally warm and humid conditions at the Yangjia Site during the late Majiabang Culture. All indicators of pollen, phytolith and macro-plant remains suggest that wild rice should be once distributed at or around the site before human occupation, after which rice agriculture progressed rapidly during the late Majiabang Culture. 相似文献
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Zheng Haigang Yang Yuanyuan Yao Daquan Zhao Peng Gong Xicheng Shen Xiaoqi 《中国地震研究》2017,31(4):513-526
Earthquake archaeological research was conducted in recent years at four archaeological excavation sites in Shandong, focusing on the identification and analysis of the tectonic deformation phenomena. The non-tectonic deformation phenomena were distinguished at the site of the Shang Dynasty ruins at Daxinzhuang in the Jinan suburbs. In Longshan, sand vein-filled cracks were recognized in the cultural layers of the Chengziya site, Zhangqiu City. Sand veins on the trench wall and sand tubes at the trench bottom were found densely distributed at the Shang and Zhou Dynasty cultural layers, at Qinhuangtai site, Binzhou City. The tectonic and non-tectonic origin cracks were identified on the city wall of the Site of Capital of State Qi, Linzi City. In Rizhao city, parallel distributed sand vein fracture groups were found in the cultural layer of Longshan-Warring States-Han Dynasty at Yaowangcheng site. Typical conjugate shear fractures were identified on the city wall of the ancient city of the State of Xue, Tengzhou City. The above natural deformation phenomena are concentrated in the culture layers of the Spring and Autumn-Warring States-Han Dynasties and before, and characterized by seismic sand-soil liquefaction traces, which indicate that these regions might have been in the seismic active episodes in the corresponding periods. The above inference has been confirmed by microscopic data analysis. 相似文献
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A geophysical study that involved different techniques was carried out with the aim to improve the knowledge of the archaeological site where the Basilica of Maxentius was founded and to discern individual covered structures (foundations).Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES), seismic refraction and Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) studies were performed in the archaeological site. VES and seismic refraction allowed to characterise the main geological formations of the hill where the Basilica was built and to distinguish the concrete floor and backfilling. Electrical data were processed using different algorithms; their results were compared to appraise the inverted models' robustness.ERT inversion algorithms were used to delineate shape and size of a much more complex structure, that were originally expected from archaeological excavation plan. The results of the commercial program were used as a posteriori information to include them in the algorithm proposed by the authors; the sequential use of the programs defined a processing procedure.The integrated use of different geophysical techniques reduced a great deal the intrinsic ambiguities of each method. Direct explorations (boreholes and archaeological excavations) confirmed the geophysical results. 相似文献
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为了合理地设计熊家冢古墓的后续考古发掘工作,需要对其主冢和陪冢的位置和墓室埋深等进行地球物理探测。电阻率层析成像具有无损性的优点,利用该技术对熊家冢古墓的主冢和陪冢进行了试验性探测。在探测中,分别布设了展布南北和东西的2条测线来控制主冢和陪冢。根据反演后的电阻率图像,估算了主冢和陪冢的位置和尺寸,为古墓的后续考古挖掘工作设计提供了基本参数。 相似文献
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《Journal of Applied Geophysics》1999,41(2-3):189-204
A multi-method geophysical survey has been carried out on a Roman archaeological site, where part of an apse had previously been found and then refilled by archaeologists during an excavation test. Magnetic gradient measurements were performed over the whole study area and a sub-area of interesting anomalies beside the excavation test site was found. Two-dimensional filtering of a more detailed magnetic gradient map and 2D inversion of magnetic profiles were performed, using an on-purpose implemented software, in order to reduce the effect of noise and to stress the eventual presence of buried structures in agreement with the archaeologists' hypothesis. Resistivity tomography and GPR profiles were carried out along some selected profiles to obtain information on the vertical distribution of the anomalous bodies. GPR profiles, carried out in the area containing the test excavation, supplied good results, particularly when processed as time slices. The whole structure of the apse was clearly outlined. The authors were then able to suggest to the archaeologists further excavation tests on the basis of GPR results and of the filtered magnetic gradient map. A comparison of the results of the applied surveying methodologies has supplied an example of the relative strengths and weaknesses of the different electric, magnetic and GPR techniques. 相似文献
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采用数值模拟方法计算隧道附加纵向变形值,应用三次样条插值对其进行拟合,并通过曲线拟合方程计算基坑影响范围内隧道纵向变形曲率的分布,以判别隧道纵向差异变形的敏感位置,从而评价隧道在不同抽条开挖方式与不同开挖工况下的变形状态,为基坑支护的设计提供依据。研究表明：基坑中心位置隧道的纵向变形最大,隧道纵向变形曲率变化最大的区域为隧道纵向基坑围护结构的位置。说明对于由基坑开挖引起的近接隧道保护问题而言,在严格控制坑底隆起量的同时,更应关注基坑维护刚度对隧道结构变形的影响。通过施工工法、隧道纵向变形及隧道纵向曲率变化三方面的综合评价,得出顺向抽条开挖方式对隧道保护更加有利的认识。 相似文献
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针对基坑开挖卸荷导致坑底土体回弹变形问题,考虑开挖卸荷过程中土体弹性模量随着卸荷应力路径变化的特征,推导在卸荷应力路径作用下土体变形模量的计算公式,考虑基坑的开挖为地表以下基坑开挖面处应力的变化,基于Mindlin应力解计算矩形基坑开挖卸荷引起的坑底土体附加应力,采用分层总和法计算基坑开挖引起的坑底土体的回弹变形,结合已有文献中的工程实例,采用该方法计算开挖引起的坑底隆起变形,并与实际监测数据对比分析表明,该方法能够有效预测基坑开挖引起的坑底隆起变形,能够作为基坑开挖坑底隆起变形的一种有效预测方法。 相似文献
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城市密集柏油公路网和坚硬水泥地面给地下遗址考古勘探造成了很大困难,传统的高密度电阻率法需要插置电极,无法在城市环境中使用。电容耦合式电阻率法采用非侵入式的方式,通过特制电极与大地形成电容器产生电流进行电法勘探,特别适合城市硬地表介质的条件。为了检验电容耦合式电阻率法在城市遗址考古勘探中的应用效果,在地处杭州市主城区的吴越捍海塘遗址进行了电容耦合式电阻率法探测试验,采集多个收发距的电法数据,对数据进行反演处理,将反演结果与考古发掘结果进行对比分析。结果表明,反演的电阻率图像推断结果与考古发掘结果基本吻合,电容耦合式电阻率法是城市遗址考古勘探的有效方法,具有广泛的应用前景。 相似文献
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Oriented collapse of columns, large-scale destruction debris and temporary abandonment of the area deduced from an archaeological excavation provide evidence for a major (intensity IX) earthquake in Patras, Greece. This, and possibly a cluster of other earthquakes, can be derived from archaeological data. These earthquakes are not included in the historical seismicity catalogues, but can be used to put constraints to the seismic risk of this city. Patras was affected by a cluster of poorly documented earthquakes between 1714 and 1806. The city seems to be exposed to risks of progressive reactivation of a major strike-slip fault. A magnitude 6.4 earthquake in 2008 has been related to it. This fault has also been associated with a total of four events in the last 20 years, a situation reminiscent of the seismic hazard at the western edge of the North Anatolian Fault. 相似文献
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某砂岩隧道在开挖过程中变形的数值模拟研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以某砂岩隧道为背景,首先应用弹塑性理论对隧道开挖后围岩的变形屈服和拱顶及边墙的应力状态进行了分析,继而采用有限差分软件FLAC3D模拟了隧道开挖过程中围岩的位移及塑性变形情况。计算结果表明：该研究段隧道发生塑性屈服的临界深度为78．2m;当隧道开挖31m后,由于开挖卸荷作用使得原先储存在围岩内的大部分应力得以释放,此后困岩变形基本趋于稳定;该隧道在开挖过程中,边墙变形量最大,达到1．94mm,由于隧道在开挖过程中围岩的自稳作用,当开挖到一定时间后,围岩变形将趋于稳定;该隧道在开挖过程中,拱顶和底部以拉张破坏为主,边墙则产生剪切破坏。 相似文献
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Discovered accidently during factory building construction works, the Middle Palaeolithic site of Biache-Saint-Vaast (Pas-de-Calais, France) was excavated from 1976 to 1982 by a team of Lille University directed by Alain Tuffreau. An abundant archaeological and paleontological material, including two human skulls, was there recovered from fossil alluvial deposits of the Scarpe River. In order to determine the ages of these remains, the ESR/U-series method was applied on bone and teeth. As the U-series data obtained of the main part of the analyzed tissues do not allow the use of the classical US-ESR model, the recently proposed AU-ESR model, taking into account if necessary U-leaching from some of the tissues, was used to calculate combined ESR/U-series ages for these samples. The obtained ages suggest a MIS7 attribution to the faunal remains and permit an age of ca 240 ka to be assigned for the human remains and associated archaeological material, in accordance with the stratigraphic data and the large mammal associations. 相似文献
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公元前7年内蒙古包头地区8级地震的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
公元前7年11月11日(汉成帝绥和二年九月丙辰)地震, 由于历史文献记载的不确定性, 长期存在分歧, 也没有学者开展过调查研究, 中国地震目录均未收入. 考古发现包头市麻池周边汉代部分木椁墓中木椁四周填塞的碎砖瓦陶片及文字瓦当, 是房屋毁坏以后的建筑垃圾和日用陶器残片的混合物, 这些房屋是在公元前52年(甘露二年)到公元前33年(竞宁元年)以后在麻池古城(汉五原郡)建成的. 上述房屋的毁坏发生在西汉晚期的墓葬稍前. 房屋毁坏的原因, 可排除自然因素、 战争及人为破坏, 更可能是由于突发性的地震灾害所致. 公元前7年地震正好发生在这一时期, 并使北边郡国30余处坏城郭, 凡压杀400余人. 根据木椁四周填塞碎砖瓦陶片的汉墓分析, 麻池古城房屋、 殿堂遭受严重破坏, 死亡人数达200人以上, 地震及其它天灾人祸, 使麻池古城逐渐衰退, 最后荒废. 结合大青山山前断裂所形成的距今2 000年前的地震形变带遗迹综合分析, 公元前7年11月11日地震宏观震中在麻池一带, 震中烈度为Ⅹ度, 震级达8级, 命名为内蒙古包头8级地震. 相似文献
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In recent years, the use of Bayesian statistical analysis for modelling radiocarbon dates has become much more commonplace within archaeology, however there remains very little literature to aid new practitioners with understanding the archaeological assumptions that underpin many of the modelling choices. Using a suite of radiocarbon dates from a sample of seven ovens, from the 18 excavated across the site at Ysgol yr Hendre, Caernarfon, North Wales, this paper explores the various methods of modelling this group of features. It stresses the underlying archaeological assumptions of each model, while also highlighting some of the tools that should especially be considered when developing very precise models. Finally it compares the results of the models. 相似文献
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《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2000,43(1):101-116
Results of a magnetic survey of the archaeological site at La Campana in the Colima area of western Mesoamerica are reported. The site is located in the northern suburbs of the city of Colima over a terrain characterized by volcanic debris avalanche deposits. The study area of about 12,600 m2 is divided into two sections corresponding to (1) the main archaeological site and to (2) a potential extension north of it. The magnetic survey shows the presence of three large dipolar anomalies oriented N–S or NNE–SSW occurring over small hills some 2 to 4 m high. The archaeological excavations have uncovered three large structures made mainly of rounded volcanic boulders built on large platforms. The southern structure consists of a pyramid (25×25 m2 at its base) and an adjacent structure (at least 30×15 m2). The central structure is a pyramid (20×20 m2) with stair-like accesses on either side. The northern structure is a large complex extending over an area at least 40×30 m2. A detailed survey in the open plaza area, using the vertical gradient method, revealed an elongated shallow linear feature, which turned out to be part of a channel network constructed with flat volcanic slabs. Inverted conical openings that end in a small well are connected to the channel network, which was apparently designed to collect water from rain and distribute it to the surrounding structures. The magnetic survey also shows the occurrence of a dipolar anomaly over a small topographic elevation that may likely correspond to another large pyramid. North of it, there is a series of elongated anomalies similar in shape and amplitude to those associated with the hydrological network. The archaeological remains extend over an area considerably larger than the one excavated in the archaeological study. The characteristics and size of the pyramidal structures, the plazas and channel network, and the apparent overall extension of the archaeological site strongly suggests that La Campana constituted a major urban and ceremonial center in westernmost Mesoamerica. 相似文献