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1.
The adsorption behaviour for uranium of four kinds of amidoxime resinst RNH, RCH, RAH and RPH in seawater has been investigated. It has been found that all these resins are capable of adsorbing rapidly uranium from U-cnriched seawater with a high uranium uptake.RNH was able to adsorb uranium satisfactorily from natural seawater, and the uranium uptake of RNH with a degree of cross-linking of 3-5 mol % was above 200 μg/g-R (adsorption for 15 days). The uranium uptakes of RCH, RAH and RPH from natural seawater were much lower than the uranium uptake of RNH. The factors which caused the difference between resins RCH, RAH, RPH and resin RNH are discussed. 相似文献
2.
1. The adsorption action of basic zinc carbonate adsorbent on uranium in natural seawater can be expressed with the following formula of adsorption isotherm:C=k(U*)n = 8.51× 10-1(U*)0.49,where C is the concentration of uranium on adsorbent; U* is content of uranium in natural seawater employed.2. when the quantity of basic zinc carbonate adsorbent (T) is constant, with the increase of natural seawater quantity through the adsorption column (G), also increased are the adsorption content of uranium of the adsorbent (U), the concentration of uranium on the adsorbent (C) and the concentration of residual uranium (C0*) in natural seawater after adsorbing uranium, while the rate of recovery of uranium (R) is decreased. With the increase of (G) the coefficient of distribution (Kd) decreases to a certain value and then a little rises again. 相似文献
3.
The influence of several operational parameters, including pH, flow rate, total volume of water passed, and choice of eluants, upon the efficiency of extraction of organic matter from seawater by two forms of commercially-available resin, XAD-2 and XAD-8, is considered. The overall efficiency of adsorption is at best 40%. The main factor determining the adsorption efficiency of XAD resin for natural organic matter is pH. The efficiency at normal seawater pH is only half that at pH 2.0. Although the efficiency decreases with increasing flow rate, the decrease is not great up to 3 bed vol./min. With increasing volume of water passed, the adsorption capacity of the resin initially drops, but reaches an approximately constant level after 1000 bed volumes. Alkaline solutions, either NH4OH or NaOH, followed by methanol, completely recover adsorbed organic material from the resin. There is no significant advantage of XAD-8 over XAD-2 for seawater extractions, and the materials adsorbed by the two forms of resin are not substantially different.A new separation method combining XAD-2 resin and activated carbon as adsorbents in series in a column has been developed. Efficiencies of up to 90% were obtained in the extraction of acidified seawater. When the volume of water passed was less than 500 bed volumes, the adsorption as measured by UV-oxidation was quantitative. Elution of 90–100% of the adsorbed organic carbon was possible when ammonium hydroxide (7 M), methanol and an ammonium hydroxide—methanol mixture were used sequentially. 相似文献
4.
D.J. Mackey 《Marine Chemistry》1982,11(2):169-181
Amberlite XAD-1 resin was examined to test its suitability for extracting organic complexes of copper, zinc and iron from seawater. At low flow rates and at loading capacities far below theoretical values, the adsorption of these metals is not reproducible and the results are reminiscent of the behaviour observed when the adsorption capacity is being exceeded or flow rates are too high. It is suggested that the resin also adsorbs small but significant amounts of inorganic ions from seawater and that this effect makes the resin unsuitable for quantitative measurements of trace metal speciation. 相似文献
5.
应用有机吸附剂从海水中提取铀,资料上已有若干报道.Davies.R.J,等曾经报道过用甲醛、间苯二酚胂酸缩合的树脂,虽然这种树脂交换容量大(通水112天,1010微克铀/克),选择性好,提取率高,但它在水中缓慢水解,吸附能力下降,溶损也较大(2.3%初量/周),因而没有得到进一步的发展.Bayer,E.提出用聚乙二醛三氨基苯酚和经硅藻土烧结的聚丙烯氧肟酸树脂,从海水中提取铀和铜等金属,但吸附量不很高,树脂的强度也差,因此很快就中断了研究.苏联一些学者也报道了用AH、等阴离子交换树脂提取铀的研究工作.AH-2Φ树脂具有一定的吸附量(30微克铀/克),在海水中比较稳定,但交换容量很低,价格也较贵. 相似文献
6.
Through introducing amidoxime and carboxyl groups into polyacrylonitrile fiber, a fibrous adsorbent with high capacity and fast adsorption rate was obtained, which could adsorb 4.6 mg uranium/g in 10 days from natural seawater. The influence of the functional group content on equilibrium adsorption capacity Xm and adsorption rate constant K of the adsorbent was studied, thus indicating that the contents of amidoxime and carboxyl groups correlated with Xm and K respectively. It is concluded that the amidoxime group is of reactive adsorption, while the carboxyl group is of promotion in the adsorption of uranium. In this paper, the mechanism of uranium adsorption on the fibrous adsorbent is deduced and the chelating structure of adsorption species is discussed with molecule orbit theory. 相似文献
7.
-The i. r. spectra of Na4 [UO2 (CO3)3], Na [UO2 (OH)3] and the surface species of uranium on HTO underthe condition of flowing natural seawater and concentrated seawater (NaCl-NaHCO3-U) were recorded, with the bands of urany! of surface species obtained and the finding that iigands of surface species besides HTO are mainly water and OH, and there are some CO32- groups under the condition of natural seawater. Some relations between the complex properties and the j. r. spectroscopic characters for uranyl complexes were studied, and the transferred change quantity of surface complex was calculated.Structure models for surface species of adsorption are herein presented and the mechanism for uranium adsorption is deduced. 相似文献
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实验测定了海水中氨基酸存在下Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）在ｒ－ＭｎＯＯＨ上吸附的等温线、Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）％－－ｐＨ曲线和Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）％－氨基酸深度曲线。结果表明，较低浓度氨基酸对Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）在ｒ－ＭｎＯＯＨ上吸附没有影响，而较高浓度氨基酸却起抑制作用，这主要是由于海水中Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）－氨基酸络合反应与ｒ－ＭｎＯＯＨ竞争Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）所致。此外，海水中较高浓度氨基酸只使Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）在ｒ－ＭｎＯＯＨ上吸附的表面分级离子交换稳定常数Ｋｉ（ｉ 相似文献
10.
A number of dictating resins have been synthesized for extracting uranium from scawatcr. The feasibilities of extracting uranium directly from seawater by synthesizing chelating resins have been investigated by studying three factors:(1) the chelating ability of the resins for uranyl ion;(2) the competitive complex of calcium, magnesium and other cations with uranyl ion;(3) the competitive complex of carbonate ion with uranyl ion.It is suggested that the competitive complex of carbonate ion with uranyl ion should be the most important factor. 相似文献
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12.
厦门港表层沉积物对海水中铅的吸附动力学 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
模拟研究厦门港表层沉积物对海水中Ｐｂ的吸附动力学及水环境条件的影响,当海水温度由２０－３０℃、ＰＨ５－８和盐度３０－４变化时,吸附速率分别提高约５０％、、个数量和５倍。吸附速率与盐度之间呈负指数相关关系。吸附过程可用交换吸附动力学模式描述。测定吸附速率常数、表观活化能和平衡吸附量等参数研究表明,沉积物对Ｐｂ的吸附性质以华东作用为主。 相似文献
13.
A laser-induced fluorometric method for the rapid determination of trace level? of uranium in seawater with the Modified Anti-interference Fluorometric Reagent for uranium (MAFG) is described. Only a sample volume of 1.5-2.5 ml is used in each determination and no pre-scparation and concentration steps are required. The analysis rate is a sample per 5 min. The relative standard deviation of ten replicate determinations on 3.44 ppb U of the natural seawater is 4.7%. 相似文献
14.
This article deals with a new method of analysing in seawater, i. e. the uranium is concentrated with an aqueous suspension of basic zinc carbonate, subsequently isolated and determined by extraction-photometric method. In concentrating uranium such factors as stirring time, amount of adsorbent used, acidity of seawater were studied and conditions suitable for analysis were found. This method is simple, accurate and good in reproducibility. It is not necessary to adjust the pH of seawater before analysis. This technique can also be applied to determination of uranium in river or lake. 相似文献
15.
关于海水中铀(Ⅵ)与水合氧化钛的作用、国内外已有许多报导,内容包括水合氧化钛制备方法的不同对交换铀量的影响,水合氧化钛和海水中铀的基本物理—化学性质的研究及它们在反应过程中物理—化学性质变化规律的研究,海水中铀与水合氧化钛作用机理的研究等等。但对这一反应的动力学研究文献上报导极少,除了在本研究Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ中报导的反应机理的研究[1,2]证明反应过程的速率由液膜扩散所控制之外,关于这一离子交换过程的反应级数和活化能的研究却至今未见有文献报导。 相似文献
16.
沙滩水体中溶解性石油烃的降解及吸附研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以海水体系和海水-砂体系作为对比,研究了沙滩水体中溶解性石油烃的降解及吸附作用。实验结果表明,1d内海水中石油浓度的降低主要是由于砂的快速吸附作用,3d以后生物对石油烃的降解作用逐渐占据优势。两种体系中降烃菌数量及石油浓度的变化曲线表明,砂对油的快速吸附显著降低了海水中石油污染物的浓度,使得海水含砂体系中石油降解菌的数量远高于海水体系。海水中石油污染物的降解符合一级动力学模式,当含砂体系中砂的粒径不同时,石油污染物降解的半衰期可由海水体系的31.9d缩短到22.4d和19.5d。系统中砂的存在有利于海水中石油污染物的去除,有约20%的石油污染物被吸附到砂上,然而这种去除是物理去除。 相似文献
17.
The distribution of dissolved uranyl species was calculated on the basis of the stability constants published elsewhere and compared with the results obtained from the experiments performed in artificial seawater. According to the distributions calculated and electrochemical and spectrophoto-metrical measurements performed in model electrolytes and artificial seawater (pH=8.2) in the presence of sufficient hydrogen peroxide, uranium most probably predominates in the form of a mixed uranyl-dicarbonato-hydrogenperoxo complex. The results obtained could be applied to the natural marine photic zone.The mixed complex has to be taken into account as an additional form of dissolved uranium species influencing their cycle in natural water systems. Recent discovery of the presence of hydrogen peroxide in the surface waters of seas has challenged a long-held notion of the prevalence of uranyl-carbonato complexes in seawater. 相似文献
18.
Manfred Ehrhardt 《Marine Chemistry》1989,26(4)
Lipophilic dissolved material was concentrated by in-situ liquid-solid adsorption on Amberlite XAD-2 resin from glass-fibre-filtered coastal seawater in the upper Arabian Gulf in the fall of 1986. 10% aqueous acetone was used for countercurrent desorption under reflux. In the concentrated eluate petroleum components were characterized and quantified by GC-MS as were ketonic photo-oxidation products of alkylbenzenes. Concentrations of the latter exceeded those of unaltered petroleum components by roughly a factor of 10. 相似文献
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20.
Methyl esters of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were isolated as trace components from organic material suspended in seawater. Methyl palmitate and methyl stearate were accumulated from the filtrate by adsorption onto Amberlite XAD-2 resin. Identification of most methyl esters is based on the comparison of gas chromatographic retention indices and mass spectrometric fragmentation with those of authentic standard compounds. In cases where reference substances were not available, identification is based on mass spectrometric and gas chromatographic properties of the unknown compounds. 相似文献