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1.
吉林省西部土地沙化动态变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The sandy land of the western part of Jilin Province is located in the ecotone of semi-humid and semi-arid area in the temperate zone of China. The sandy desertification has widely spread in the region because of the vulnerable natural conditions and the unreasonable human activity; as a result of this, the precious land resources and the economic development in the area have been seriously impacted. In this paper, the sandy land ecologic environment geographic information system is established based on the multi-spectral, multi-temporal Landsat TM images and field investigation. The comprehensive indexes of sandy desertification extent assessment which include vegetation degradation, wind erosion extent and soil depth are presented to classify the sandy land in western Jilin into three levels--slight, moderate and severe sandy desertification with the support of GIS platform. The results demonstrate that the sandy desertification has been partly controlled in the past twenty years, except some small sites. However, this doesn‘t necessarily mean that there is nothing for more concern. The two main causes of sandy desertification have not been eliminated yet, one is its natural factor, especially the physical and chemical characters of sandy soil and dry climate; another is the immoderate economic activity of human being that has highly accelerated the sandy desertification process. 相似文献
2.
The causes and processes responsible for rocky desertification in karst areas of southern China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The karst region of southern China is a fragile ecological zone with widespread rocky desertification. This paper describes the rocky desertification occurring in this region in terms of both natural and anthropogenic factors. During geological time periods, the region’s changing environment governed the natural rocky desertification processes, whereas during historical and modern times, anthropogenic processes have been superimposed on these natural processes. Human activities have accelerated and exacerbated rocky desertification. The period from the beginning to the middle of the Qing dynasty was an important transitional period in which human activities began to exert a particularly strong influence on rocky desertification. Since then, the effect of anthropogenic factors has increasingly exceeded the effect of natural factors. The rocky desertification process in southern China’s karst region combines surface ecological processes (including vegetation degradation and loss, soil erosion, surface water loss, and bedrock solution) with a reduction of the land’s biological productivity, leading to degradation that produces rocky desert. Controlling rocky desertification requires comprehensive development of sustainable agriculture and economic development that provides employment alternatives to agriculture and thereby promotes the rehabilitation of rocky desertified land. 相似文献
3.
Potential of the Random Forest Model on mapping of different desertification processes was studied in Muttuma watershed of mid-Murrumbidgee river region of New South Wales,Australia.Desertification vulnerability index was developed using climate,terrain,vegetation,soil and land quality indices to identify environmentally sensitive areas for desertification.Random Forest Model(RFM)was used to predict the different desertification processes such as soil erosion,salinization and waterlogging in the watershed and the information needed to train classification algorithms was obtained from satellite imagery interpretation and ground truth data.Climatic factors(evaporation,rainfall,temperature),terrain factors(aspect,slope,slope length,steepness,and wetness index),soil properties(pH,organic carbon,clay and sand content)and vulnerability indices were used as an explanatory variable.Classification accuracy and kappa index were calculated for training and testing datasets.We recorded an overall accuracy rate of 87.7%and 72.1%for training and testing sites,respectively.We found larger discrepancies between overall accuracy rate and kappa index for testing datasets(72.2%and 27.5%,respectively)suggesting that all the classes are not predicted well.The prediction of soil erosion and no desertification process was good and poor for salinization and water-logging process.Overall,the results observed give a new idea of using the knowledge of desertification process in training areas that can be used to predict the desertification processes at unvisited areas. 相似文献
4.
气候变化和人类活动在沙漠化过程中相对作用评价综述(英文) 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
Climate change and human activities are the two kinds of driving forces in desertification,and assessing their relative role in desertification is of great significance to deeply understanding the driving mechanisms and preventing desertification expansion.This paper has systematically reviewed the progress of the researches on assessing the relative role of climate change and human activities in desertification from qualitative,semi-quantitative and quantitative aspects respectively.The authors found that there were still some problems in the previous researches.For example,the subjectivity in assessment was obvious,the assessment cannot be easily repeated,and the assessment and its results were always based on administrative regions and less taken and expressed in a continuous space.According to the progress of previous researches and the works conducted by the authors recently,we put forward a quantitative approach by selecting NPP as a common indicator to measure the relative role of climate change and human activities in desertification and dividing the ecological process of "driving force effect-dynamic response of desertified land" into several scenarios.Meanwhile,validation and scale of assessment should be taken into account when quantitative assessment of the relative role of climate change and human activities in desertification are carried out. 相似文献
5.
Soil erosion by wind is one of the most important processes in the changing the earth’s surface in semi-arid areas,Thus it is of great importance to study soil-erosion action.Using integrated technologies of remote sensing and geochemistry radioactivity iso-tope to extract regional soil-erosion information and to calculate quantity of soil erosion is accomplished successfully in this paper by means of beneficial experiments in the Talatan region of the Gonghe Basin,which is located in northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Pla-teau in China.The results show that the soil erosion by wind is not intensive in this region;the erosion types belong to the classes of very-soft erosion and soft-erosion type,which account for 47.12 percent and 35.58 percent,respectively,of the total study area.In total,two kinds of soil erosion account for 82.70 percent of the study area;only a small area belongs to the classes of severe erosion and very-severe erosion;this area is about 22.14 km2.Severe deposition activity has taken place in this region,and has appeared in a large area(322.67 km2),which accounts for 11.78 percent of the total study area.The results of this study show that soil erosion and deposition inventories are 870,000-1,150,000 tons and 550,000-780,000 tons,respectively,per year.The soil in-ventory shows about 320,000-370,000 tons from Talatan to Longyangxia reservoir per year.Using remote-sensing technology and 137Cs techniques is a valid means to analyze and to evaluate the quantity of soil erosion by wind in semi-arid environments. 相似文献
6.
The impacts of desertification on the vegetation composition, structure, and species diversity of alpine Kobresia steppe meadow were evaluated in an area of severe desertification in Anduo County, Tibet Autonomous Region, northern China. We investigated and analyzed the floristic features of communities at four different stages of desertification (slight desertification [SLD], moderate desertification [MD], severe desertification [SD], and very severe desertification [VSD]). The composition and structure of the alpine Kobresia steppe meadow at the SLD site differed significantly from that at the MD, SD, and VSD sites. Species that were more drought resistant and inedible by livestock were the dominant species at the SD site. No plants were found in the shifting dunes of the VSD site. Species diversity also decreased with increasing desertification. The SLD site had the largest mean number of species and individuals and the largest richness index; the MD grassland had the largest Shannon-Wiener index and evenness index, but the smallest Simpson’s index. The vegetation cover declined from 91.8% to 34.8% as desertification increased from SLD to SD, and reached 0% in VSD areas with shifting dunes. 相似文献
7.
LIU Chengwu LI Xiubin 《地理学报(英文版)》2006,16(3):286-292
Based on the cost-benefit data （1980-2002） of farm products and China Agriculture Yearbooks, this paper studies the regional disparity in the changes of the agricultural land use in China during the period 1980-2002 from three aspects such as the degree of intensity, the sown area and the abandoned farmland. The results show that： （1） The degree of intensity of land use in the westena region during 1980-2000 has a strong uptrend, but in the eastern and central regions the degree of intensity descends obviously and has shown a continuous downtrend since 1997. （2） The total sown area shrinks notably in the eastern region, while it enlarges constantly in the western region. （3） The sown area in the eastern, central and western regions has gone through a similar cyclic process： down （1980-1985）-up （1985-1991）-down （1991-1994）-up （1994-1999）-down （1999-2002）. However, there are obvious differences in amplitude variation and tendency among them. The sown area has shrunk in the eastern region and expanded in the central and western regions especially before 1999. （4） The most cases of abandoned farmland are reported in the central region, the second in the eastern region and the least in the western region. The abandonment phenomena chiefly occurred during 1992-1995 in the eastern region, and during 1998-2002 in the central region. 相似文献
8.
Baozhu Pan Zhaoyin Wang Zhiwei Li Guo-an Yu Mengzhen Xu Na Zhao Gary Brierley 《地理学报(英文版)》2013,23(5):871-882
This study presents findings of the first systematic analysis of aquatic biotic assemblages in the source region of the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers. It provides an initial basis with which to select representative organisms as indicators to assess the aquatic ecological status of rivers in this region. Macroinvertebrates are considered to be good indicators of long-term environmental changes due to their restricted range and persistence over time. Field investigations of macroinvertebrates were conducted in August 2009 in the source region of the Yellow River, and in July 2010 in the source region of the Yangtze River. Altogether 68 taxa of macroinvertebrates belonging to 29 families and 59 genera were identified. Among them were 8 annelids, 5 mollusks, 54 arthropods and 1 other animal. In the source region of the Yellow River, taxa number, density and biomass of macroinvertebrates were 50, 329 individuals m2 and 0.3966 g dry weight m2, respectively. Equivalent figures for the source region of the Yangtze River were 29, 59 individuals m2 and 0.0307 g dry weight m-2. The lower benthic animal resources in the source region of the Yangtze River are ascribed to higher altitude, higher sediment concentration and wetland degradation. Preliminary findings of this exploratory study indicate that hydroelectric power stations had a weak impact on benthic dwellers but wetland degradation caused by a series of human activities had a catastrophic impact on survival of macroinvertebrates. Ecological protection measures such as conservative grazing and vegetation management are required to minimize grassland degradation and desertification, and reduce soil erosion rate and river sediment discharge. 相似文献
9.
东莞地区土地利用变化预测的CBR和CA方法对比研究(英文) 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Many studies on land use change(LUC),using different approaches and models,have yielded good results.Applications of these methods have revealed both advantages and limitations.However,LUC is a complex problem due to influences of many factors,and variations in policy and natural conditions.Hence,the characteristics and regional suitability of different methods require further research,and comparison of typical approaches is re-quired.Since the late 1980s,CA has been used to simulate urban growth,urban sprawl and land use evolution successfully.Nowadays it is very popular in resolving the LUC estimating problem.Case-based reasoning(CBR),as an artificial intelligence technology,has also been employed to study LUC by some researchers since the 2000s.More and more researchers used the CBR method in the study of LUC.The CA approach is a mathematical system con-structed from many typical simple components,which together are capable of simulating complex behavior,while CBR is a problem-oriented analysis method to solve geographic problems,particularly when the driving mechanisms of geographic processes are not yet understood fully.These two methods were completely different in the LUC research.Thus,in this paper,based on the enhanced CBR model,which is proposed in our previous research(Du et al.2009),a comparison between the CBR and CA approaches to assessing LUC is presented.LUC in Dongguan coastal region,China is investigated.Applications of the im-proved CBR and the cellular automata(CA) to the study area,produce results demonstrating a similarity estimation accuracy of 89% from the improved CBR,and 70.7% accuracy from the CA.From the results,we can see that the accuracies of the CA and CBR approaches are both >70%.Although CA method has the distinct advantage in predicting the urban type,CBR method has the obvious tendency in predicting non-urban type.Considering the entire ana-lytical process,the preprocessing workload in CBR is less than that of the CA approach.As such,it could be concluded that the CBR approach is more flexible and practically useful than the CA approach for estimating land use change. 相似文献
10.
中国陆地海岸线尺度效应研究(英文) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Spatial scale is a fundamental problem in Geography. Scale effect caused by fractal characteristic of coastline becomes a common focus of coastal zone managers and researchers. In this study, based on DEM and remote sensing images, multi-scale continental coastlines of China were extracted and the fractal characteristic was analyzed. The results are shown as follows. (1) The continental coastline of China fits the fractal model, and the fractal dimension is 1.195. (2) The scale effects with fractal dimensions of coastline have significant differences according to uplift and subsidence segments along the continental coastlines of China. (3) The fractal dimension of coastline has significant spatial heterogeneity according to the coastline types. The fractal dimension of sandy coastline located in Luanhe River plain is 1.109. The dimension of muddy coastline located in northern Jiangsu Plain is 1.059, while that of rocky coastline along southeastern Fujian is 1.293. (4) The length of rocky coastline is affected by scale more than that of muddy and sandy coastline. Since coastline is the conjunction of sea, land and air surface, the study of coastline scale effect is one of the scientific bases for the researches on air-sea-land interaction in multi-scales. 相似文献
11.
京北浑善达克沙地荒漠化现状、成因与对策 总被引：15，自引：4，他引：11
位于首都圈北部内蒙古高原的浑善达克沙地是威胁京津地区的一个主要风沙源区,近几十年来荒漠化发展十分迅速,但相应的荒漠化研究却很薄弱。目前对该区一些局部地区的研究已经揭示了荒漠化快速发展的趋势,但仍缺乏整个沙地荒漠化状况全面和细致的了解。虽然过度放牧等不合理的人类活动被看作是该区荒漠化的主要驱动力,但只有揭示人类生产系统与土地系统之间的反馈作用机制,才能深刻认识荒漠化的成因,才有望对防治荒漠化提供有效的理论依据。最后,提出了围绕浑善达克沙地荒漠化问题需要开展的4个方面的研究工作,即潜在生态系统空间格局、荒漠化动态与监测、荒漠化机理、土地质量评价与土地承载力确定。 相似文献
12.
粤北岩溶山区石漠化过程中土壤养分变化研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了探讨石漠化过程对土壤养分的影响,了解粤北岩溶山区石漠化过程中土壤养分的变化规律,选择岩背镇和江英镇为调查区,按照石漠化的不同程度设置样地,系统调查了轻度、中度、重度和极重度石漠化土地表层（0~20 cm）土壤养分的变化。结果表明,石漠化过程与土壤养分状况有密切关系,随着土地石漠化的发展,土壤有机质、全N以及速效N、速效P、速效K含量呈现出显著下降趋势（P<0.05）,土壤逐步贫瘠化。土壤养分含量的减少与石漠化过程形成正反馈关系,并具有退化方向的一致性和退化过程的同步性等特点。 相似文献
13.
北方农牧交错带东段土地沙质荒漠化监测——以扎鲁特旗为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以20世纪80年代末和2000年两期TM影像作信息源,经过合成、增强、几何纠正、镶嵌和人机交互判读并结合野外考察提取研究区两期沙质荒漠化土地数据,建立数据库,得到10 a内不同程度沙质荒漠化土地之间的转换面积,建立沙质荒漠化土地转移矩阵。结果表明:①土地沙质荒漠化严重,以轻度和中度为主,沙化率13.54%;②主要发生在南部平原地区,形成了两条沙带,中、北部基岩山地是沙质荒漠化大面积扩展的天然界线;③半农半牧区比纯农业和纯牧业区严重;④动态趋势是整体扩展（增长率为4.67%）,局部逆转（主要在南部）,程度加强;⑤沙质荒漠化扩展面积为9 967.54 hm2,其中中部﹥北部﹥南部;⑥管理失误、人口增长及由此引起的“三滥”等超强度利用土地行为是影响研究区土地沙质荒漠化的主要人文因子。⑦北方农牧交错带土地沙化态势仍很严重,控制人口密度,调整土地利用结构,改革土地利用制度,加强土地管理和生态环境建设势在必行。 相似文献
14.
土地沙漠化是当今全球最严峻的环境问题之一,也是我国西北干旱区面临的主要生态环境问题。开展土地沙漠化动态研究有助于沙漠化灾害防治与国土资源空间开发。以2000-2018年MODIS-NDVI 1 km月数据为基础,运用栅格累加法与转移矩阵法对塔里木盆地土地沙漠化的变化速率、空间特征及其成因进行探索分析,结果表明:(1)土地沙漠化是一个具有年际波动和累积效应的动态变化过程;(2)栅格累加法具有较强的连续动态分析能力,能准确分析土地沙漠化变化速率、演变趋势、变化的空间特征,可以定量分析土地沙漠化原因;(3)塔里木盆地沙漠化退化主要是草地的退化,沙漠化改善则主要是林地和耕地的改善;(4)2000-2018年,塔里木盆地土地沙漠化整体呈极重度沙漠化逐级向非沙漠化变化的改善趋势,转移路径为:极重度沙漠化→重度沙漠化→中度沙漠化→轻度沙漠化→非沙漠化,改善区主要分布在绿洲区,恶化区主要在塔里木河中游与车尔臣河下游,土地沙漠化成因主要为人类活动。此文研究方法为土地沙漠化动态监测提供了一种新思路,其研究结果可为塔里木盆地国土资源开发和沙漠化治理提供理论依据。 相似文献
15.
河西地区地处青藏高原区与西北干旱区过渡带,是当下推进"一带一路"伟大战略建设的重要通道。同时,该地区也是我国沙漠化最严重地区之一。通过对已发表的河西地区风沙堆积事件与历史时期战争、人口数量、降水变化进行综合对比研究,分析了该地区近1 ka以来沙漠化的主导因素。结果显示：（1）在最近1 ka以来,河西地区的沙漠化主要发生在0.91 ka、0.74 ka、0.68 ka、0.44 ka、0.32 ka、0.24 ka、0.18~0.12 ka和<0.1 ka时段。（2）0.91 ka、0.74 ka、0.68 ka、0.44 ka和0.24 ka时段的沙漠化敏感地响应了高强度的战争活动,0.32 ka时段的沙漠化是对区域低降水量的响应。（3）近200 a以来的沙漠化是对人口快速增长的响应。 相似文献
16.
藏北高山嵩草草甸植被和多样性在沙漠化过程中的变化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为确定沙漠化对高山嵩草草甸植被组成、结构和物种多样性的影响,了解高寒区草甸沙漠化的原因,选择西藏那曲安多县南部沙漠化严重区域为调查区,按照沙漠化的不同程度设置样地,系统调查了轻度、中度、重度和极重度沙化草甸的植被变化,结果表明：中度、重度和极重度沙化区的植被与轻度沙化草甸有显著的差异;在中度和重度沙化区,高寒草甸的建群种高山嵩草已被家畜不喜食或更具抗性的植物种所取代,而在极重度沙化的流动沙丘上无植被生长;从过牧的退化草甸到半流动、流动沙丘,植物种多样性呈显著的降低趋势。轻度沙化草甸物种数、个体密度和丰富度指数最多;中度沙化草甸的Shannon\|Wiener指数和均匀度指数最大,而优势度指数最小;在沙化过程中,高寒草甸的植被盖度显著下降,地上生物量也在下降,虽然轻度、中度和重度沙化草地的地上生物量显著高于极重度沙化区,但前者之间却无显著差异。地下根系生物量也呈显著下降的趋势。过牧是造成高山嵩草草甸沙化的主要原因。 相似文献
17.
鄂托克旗风蚀荒漠化景观格局动态变化研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用鄂托克旗2000年和2005年TM遥感影像,对荒漠化土地进行判读,结合实地调查,并根据中国“三北”地区荒漠化区域分类与发展趋势综合研究野外地质调查内容-技术要求,确定土地荒漠化景观类型和荒漠化程度,将研究区风蚀荒漠化分为轻度沙化、中度沙化、重度风蚀和严重风蚀4个类型。应用Arcview3.3对两期TM影像进行人机交互判读,得到研究区两个时期的风蚀荒漠化景观类型数据并统计,分析研究区风蚀荒漠化景观格局的动态变化。结果表明,未荒漠化土地主要集中在研究区的北部,严重风蚀主要集中在研究区的南部,由北向南,风蚀程度逐渐加重。研究区风蚀荒漠化主要以轻度沙化和中度沙化为主,占研究区风蚀面积的70%以上,破碎度有所增大。风蚀荒漠化面积虽有减小,但风蚀呈加剧趋势。盐渍化土地已转化为风蚀荒漠化景观,而风蚀荒漠化景观可以向其他各景观转化。在适当条件下,轻度沙化土地与未荒漠化土地容易相互转化。中度沙化土地和重度风蚀土地容易转变为其他景观。 相似文献
18.
遥感和GIS支持下的龙羊峡库区土地沙漠化动态研究 总被引：25，自引：6，他引：19
地处高寒干旱与半干旱自然环境的龙羊峡库区生态环境脆弱,加之不合理的人为经济活动影响加剧了沙漠化正过程,使本区土地沙漠化普遍发生,威胁到水库的生产、发展,严重影响着库区经济持续稳定地发展。通过多时相、多波段TM影像(1987、1996),结合实地考察,以IDRISI、ARC/INFO、ARCVIEW等为核心软件,以P微机为主平台实现遥感与GIS一体化,建立了易操作可运行的龙羊峡库区地理信息系统,在系统支持下对库区土地沙漠化进行动态监测研究。表明土地沙漠化现象日趋严重,严重沙漠化土地面积日益扩大,平均以21 km2·a-1的速度递增,沙漠化正过程迅速发展。造成沙漠化普遍发展的主导因子是自然因素,但人为因素也不容忽视,不合理的经济活动加剧了沙漠化正过程发展。 相似文献
19.
基于RS和GIS长城沿线沙漠化动态研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
基于遥感影像,以长城沿线榆林地区为研究对象,在野外实地观测和验证的基础上利用RS和GIS平台对该地区沙漠化进行动态变化研究。结果表明:在1988—2002年沙漠化面积在逐步减少;按照沙漠化的类型分析,在1999年之前,逆转区的面积为1 221 682.0 hm2,发展区的面积为1 285 603.0 hm2,发展区的面积大于逆转区的面积;1999年之后,发展区的面积为680 374.6 hm2,逆转区的面积为1 488 989.0 hm2,逆转区的面积远大于发展区的面积;从沙漠化程度分析,轻度和潜在沙漠化的面积在大幅度地降低,但中度以上的沙漠化面积仍然在蠕动扩展,这一数据表明榆林地区沙漠化的形势仍然不容乐观,要居安思危。 相似文献
20.
根据1975—2018年民勤绿洲土地沙漠化分类体系及遥感影像数据,探究了民勤绿洲沙漠化时空变化过程;选取影响绿洲沙漠化的自然与人为驱动因子,运用主成分分析方法定量评价了民勤绿洲沙漠化过程的主要驱动力。结果表明：1975—2018年沙漠化程度以重度沙漠化为主,轻度、中度、重度和严重沙漠化面积均呈减少趋势,以2000年为界表现为先发展后逆转趋势;1975—2000年,轻度、中度、重度沙漠化重心总体向东北方向迁移,严重沙漠化的重心向西迁移,沙漠化有向绿洲东北部和巴丹吉林沙漠发展的趋势;2000—2018年轻度沙漠化的重心向西北方向迁移,中度、重度和严重沙漠化重心相对稳定,绿洲沙漠化发展得到明显控制。在绿洲沙漠化过程中,人为因素贡献率为39.53%,自然与人为综合贡献率为26.58%,自然因素贡献率为10.77%,人为因素是民勤绿洲沙漠化的主要驱动力。水资源极度匮乏是绿洲沙漠化的决定因素,在以后的防沙治沙工作中,合理调控人类的生产经营活动,优化干旱区水资源配置,可从源头上治理民勤绿洲的沙漠化。 相似文献