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T213和ECM模式产品在"麦莎"台风预报中的应用和检验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选取T213和ECM数值模式的500hPa高度场预报产品，用天气学方法对影响“麦莎”台风移动路径的东亚西风带低槽和副热带高的演变过程、台风移动路径进行模式稳定性检验和比较。结果表明：两个模式对东亚西风带低槽和副热带高的演变过程预报稳定，预报场逐渐逼近实况分析场，预报时效达120小时。并较准确地预报了台风登陆前西北行路径。预报精度ECM模式高于T213。 相似文献
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本文利用气象常规资料、NCEP/NCAR 再分析资料和数值预报产品(NWP)资料对0509台风"麦莎"路径两次明显东折(7日11时和8日23时)的原因进行了分析,并对 NWP 产品对麦莎路径的预报结果进行了检验.结果表明麦莎路径主要受西太平洋副热带高压(副高,下同)与西风带环流的影响,两次明显东折与西风带环流的经、纬向调整及副高由块状变为带状有关;"副高南落"指标和广义李雅普诺夫稳定度判据中 J22 的符号分别对应了麦莎的两次明显东折;麦莎中心气压和风力变化与台风的两次明显东折有很好的对应关系.另外,T213 资料的涡度和位温预报场对台风的两次明显东折有一定的指示意义.NWP 产品24 h内对台风路径的预报效果较好,但对台风的第二次东折预报较差. 相似文献
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本文利用气象常规资料、NCEP／NCAR再分析资料和数值预报产品（NWP）资料对0509台风“麦莎”路径两次明显东折（7日11时和8日23时）的原因进行了分析，并对NWP产品对麦莎路径的预报结果进行了检验。结果表明：麦莎路径主要受西太平洋副热带高压（副高，下同）与西风带环流的影响，两次明显东折与西风带环流的经、纬向调整及副高由块状变为带状有关；“副高南落”指标和广义李雅普诺夫稳定度判据中J22的符号分别对应了麦莎的两次明显东折；麦莎中心气压和风力变化与台风的两次明显东折有很好的对应关系。另外，T213资料的涡度和位温预报场对台风的两次明显东折有一定的指示意义。NWP产品24h内对台风路径的预报效果较好，但对台风的第二次东折预报较差。 相似文献
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2005年台风“海棠”与“泰利”的移动路径和登陆地点不同于“麦莎”与“卡努”,前2次台风自东南偏东往西北偏西移动并登陆于福建中部沿海,后2次自东南往西北移动并登陆浙江中部沿海,都给浙江造成了巨大影响,但影响金华地区的风雨程度不同。经分析台风移动过程,认为西风带低槽或高压影响到副高,副高影响着台风西行或北上,在西风带低槽或副高影响较弱时,台风内力和地形影响作用加强;台风在副高带状时西行为主,块状时北上为主。分析台风路径的预报过程,认为中央气象台预报为“登陆台风”有3~4天的时效;预报较准确的登陆位置,若路径较有规则为30~54个小时,若不规则路径可能仅为3个小时。分析影响金华的台风风雨程度,认为东路台风雨量分布特征是东部大、西部小;南路台风是东南部大、西北部小;最大风力落区基本相同。地形对不同台风路径下的风雨影响分布略有不同。 相似文献
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2006年6—8月T213与ECMWF模式中期预报性能检验 总被引：4，自引：7，他引：4
6—8月是我国高温干旱、暴雨洪涝等气象灾害最为严重的季节。该季节天气系统变化快，活动剧烈，天气预报难度大，最能考验数值预报模式的预报性能。为更好地应用T213模式中期预报产品，对2006年6—8月T213模式中期96小时数值预报产品进行了统计和天气学检验，并与ECMWF模式同类产品进行了对比分析。结果表明，T213和ECMWF模式对中高纬度大型环流的调整、副高及850hPa温度等均有较好的预报能力，对台风路径也都有一定的预报能力，但T213模式台风移速预报过快，登陆偏早，而ECMWF模式预报相反。 相似文献
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2004年第14号台风路径数值预报结果的检验分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用实况资料和欧洲中心、日本、北京T213、德国天气在线等数值预报产品对14号台风路径预报进行了分析和检验。结果表明：欧洲中心和日本数值产品对台风路径预报具有较高的可信度,在登陆区域和时间预报上较为准确。T213和德国天气在线的台风路径预报准确度较低,其仅对24-48h内的趋势预报有一定参考价值。 相似文献
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国家气象中心台风路径数值预报模式经过串行优化及程序并行, 成功地实现了在国产超级计算机神威上的并行运算, 并可满足业务时效要求。基于并行程序及神威机计算平台的台风路径数值预报业务系统于2002年6月30日投入实时运行, 其初估场与侧边界条件从T106L19模式产品升级为T213L31模式产品 (称为基于T213台风预报系统, 原串行系统称为基于T106台风预报系统)。通过对2002年夏秋季台风路径的检验, 总体来看, 基于T213台风预报系统48 h内的平均路径预报误差小于基于T106台风预报系统的路径预报误差。对西行及西北行登陆的台风, 基于T106台风预报系统的48 h预报好于基于T213台风预报系统的预报。对于转向台风而言, 转向后的预报, 基于T213台风预报系统的预报要好于基于T106台风预报系统的预报, 有效地减小了基于T106台风预报系统对转向台风路径预报的系统性误差:即台风转向后预报路径较实况路径偏西。 相似文献
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2013年6—8月T639、ECMWF及日本模式中期预报性能检验 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
对2013年6—8月T639、ECMWF及日本数值模式的中期预报产品进行了对比分析和检验。结果表明：就西太平洋副热带高压而言,ECMWF模式预报效果较为优越。3家数值模式对今年夏季出现在我国中东部地区的异常高温天气均提前给出预报,但ECMWF模式预报的高温持续时间以及高温幅度均更接近实况,且ECMWF模式对高温天气转折预报效果较好。对1307号强台风,ECMWF模式较好地预报台风登陆位置及路径变化,但预报强度偏弱;而T639和日本模式预报台风登陆时间均偏晚。 相似文献
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本文针对2000年8月23日登陆福建南部的0010号(碧利斯)台风,从高空形势,卫星云图特征及两者相结合的综合图,分析其移动路径和登陆后的情况,阐明西太平洋副热带高压和大陆副高对台风的影响,分析造成梅州市中北部暴雨的成因. 相似文献
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我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格. 相似文献
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The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features. 相似文献
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由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
张德二 《气候变化研究进展》2008,4(2):126-130
2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡. 相似文献
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Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over
the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature
(SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds.
Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early)
onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in
these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly
correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with
respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases.
The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by
the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America
during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region.
The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple
regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation
coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill
to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully
predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed.
Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002 相似文献
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Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
G. Terence Meaden S. Kochev L. Kolendowicz A. Kosa-Kiss Izolda Marcinoniene Michalis Sioutas Heino Tooming John Tyrrell 《Atmospheric Research》2007,83(2-4):446-449
2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness. 相似文献
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准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响 总被引：11，自引：5，他引：6
NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。 相似文献
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Chunguang CUI Wen ZHOU Hao YANG Xiaokang WANG Yi DENG Xiaofang WANG Guirong XU Jingyu WANG 《大气科学进展》2023,40(4):711-724
Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230... 相似文献
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流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用 总被引：10，自引：8，他引：10
本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用. 相似文献