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1.
根据水文地质人员提供的抽水试验工程设计，我队于1985年底在福建省平潭县竹屿标准砂矿区施工了大口径钻孔进行抽水试验，由于钻孔结构设计不合理，发生了套管事故，处理时间长达40天（不开夜班），造成了不应有的损失。原设计抽水试验钻孔结构如附图，左图为抽下层水的钻孔结构，右图为抽上层水的钻孔结构。采用冲击钻进法成井，以200kg吊锤冲击φ273mm套管，用带有阀门钻头的取样简捞取砂心，打穿上层砂进入海泥层（隔水层）后留下φ273mm套管11.4m护壁，以下改φ219mm钻进至孔深24m终孔，留下φ219mm套管 相似文献
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SZC-325砂金矿钻机使用外径为325mm的套管，钻进的工艺是套管冲击回转钻进，管内分层取样。施工时，下端镶接管靴的套管由钻机回转器使其回转，与此同时，重量为400kg的吊锤冲击套管的上端，使套管作冲击回转进入地层。套管进入地层一定深度以后，停止冲击与回转，然后用取样工具进入管内取样。外径为325mm的套管冲击回转钻进有以下的特点： 相似文献
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钉管钻进是砂矿钻探施工的方法之一.它用卷扬机提升吊锤至一定高度获得势能,让其自由下落打击套管,使套管钉入地层而获得套管进尺.根据使用的取样工具和方式的不同,钉管钻进又分三种形式:(1)套管钉入地层后,以板式或球式抽筒(泵筒)吸取砂样来实现进尺;(2)将套管钉入地层底板一定深度,最终拔出套管后,再分段取样 相似文献
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射流式液动锤回转冲击孕镶金刚石钻头钻进的实践与分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
金刚石本身力学性质、金刚石钻头结构特点及射流式液动锤冲击力特点决定了射流式液动锤带金刚石钻头进行冲击回转钻进是可行的。经射流式液动锤在科学钻探主孔先导孔中的应用实践，证明了由于液动锤冲击动载作用钻头底唇面与岩面微量问隙有规律地变化，改善钻头金刚石颗粒受力状况、碎岩状态，提高钻头金刚石颗粒切入深度，改善胎体磨损状况、钻头冷却，成倍地提高了榴辉岩、片麻岩等坚硬地层中钻进回次进尺、机械钻速及钻头平均寿命。 相似文献
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大屯煤电公司地质勘探队王洪文同志,几年来研制和革新了处理钻孔内复杂事故的特效打捞工具,经实践证明,工艺技术比较先进,效果好。如“投球安全接手,当遇卡、埋、夹钻事故时,提、拉、顶无效,就可将粗径钻具以上的钻具反上来,不必动用反丝管子。“水压割管器”用于孔内割断>φ89mm的各种套管。“偏斜弹簧割管钻头”用于孔内发生丝锥断在钻 相似文献
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为研究双管定向钻进技术中套管、套管钻头尺寸及套管转速对煤粉排出的影响,以碎软煤层气动双管定向钻进成孔为背景,分别设计了3种不同尺寸的套管及套管钻头,分析了其不同组合下煤粉排出率及煤粉出口速度的变化,得到了不同转速对煤粉悬浮率及煤粉输送轨迹的影响规律。数值模拟结果表明,?120/96 mm套管与不同套管钻头配合均有较高的煤粉排出率;煤粉输送速度随环空通道总截面积的增大而减小,随内通道截面积的增大而增大;煤粉悬浮程度随套管转速的增加先增大后减小。基于数值分析结果开展了现场试验,对不同套管组合携粉能力及套管转速变化对煤粉排出的影响进行了对比分析,试验表明:?140 mm套管钻头与?120/96 mm套管组合在套管40 r/min转速时取得最大钻进深度。研究结果为碎软煤层双管定向钻进参数的选择以及钻进设备的选配和研发提供技术借鉴。 相似文献
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经过连续5个钻孔的施工实践,充分证实了绳索取心冲击回转钻进技术在解决钻头“打滑”、提高钻孔质量、延长钻头寿命、防止岩心堵塞、减轻钻杆内结泥皮、准确判断内管到位等方面的优越性. 相似文献
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空气反循环连续取样钻进,是国外七十年代初推出的一项先进钻探技术,发展到七十年代末,其钻探设备、钻具和钻头均达到比较完善的程度,并在生产中得到推广。对于非固结地层的勘探具有效率高、地层代表性真实、成本低的优点,因而在砂矿勘探中得到广泛的应用。我国目前砂金勘探基本上沿用了班加钻的工艺,设备方面主要是将人力提拉吊锤和回转套管改为机械化 相似文献
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论龙永煤田坑柄矿区钻孔结构设计 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对龙永煤田坑柄矿区钻进过程中普遍存在的＂硬、漏、塌、涌、斜＂等复杂现象,在多年的实践基础上,摸索出一套适合本区的钻孔设计结构和钻进方法：开孔用φ130mm合金钻头钻至完整岩层,下φ127mm孔口套管,然后用S95mm金刚石钻具将上部硬岩钻穿,至稳定岩层后下φ89mm套管,最后用φ76.5-77.5mm合金金刚石钻头钻至终孔。另外,把S75mm钻具的钻头外径由φ75mm增加到φ77＋0.50mm,一方面可保证经过改扣的φ89mm套管能够继续作为技术套管使用;另一方面也有利于排除岩屑、防止糊钻、缩径卡钻、冲蚀孔壁、降低泵压、减轻抽吸和压裂孔壁造成的钻孔漏水坍塌等故障,更好的起到护壁防塌效果。经统计,该钻孔结构设计将钻孔的平均时效提高到1.68m/h,提高了50%;平均钻效达到626.34m/钻月,提高了21%;单孔最高钻效达到782.27m/钻月。 相似文献
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顶管施工中管道受力性能的现场试验研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
对顶进过程中管道纵向与环向钢筋应力及管土接触压力进行了现场测试。实测数据分析表明,管节开始顶进时轴力随顶进距离增大而增大,顶进到一定距离后,基本维持在一定范围内。管顶和管底的内侧钢筋受拉,外侧钢筋受压;管节两侧的内侧钢筋受压,外侧受拉。钢筋混凝土管道可看作柔性管道。环向钢筋受力很小,但变动较大。管土接触压力随管道的顶进一开始缓慢上升,到一定距离后基本保持在一定范围内。注浆对管顶接触压力影响较大,注浆后压力明显减小,可取为上覆土重;对左右两侧接触压力影响较小。注浆前左右两侧跟管顶压力相差不大,注浆后则要明显大于管顶压力。 相似文献
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通过对桩身预埋有混凝土应变计的普通光圆预应力管桩和增强型预应力管桩的静载对比试验,比较了两种桩的荷载-沉降曲线、桩身轴力分布情况、桩侧摩阻力及桩端阻力的发挥性状,研究了增强型管桩荷载传递规律及桩身环向凸肋的荷载分担情况.结果表明,由于环向凸肋的存在,使增强型管桩在桩周形成的剪切破坏面比普通管桩更大,从而提高了增强型管桩的承载能力.在最大试验荷载作用时,增强型管桩的侧摩阻力要比普通管桩高27.4％～39.5％. 相似文献
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不同顶管组合方式的管幕冻结温度场模型试验 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
拱北隧道作为港珠澳大桥珠海连接线的关键性工程, 在国内外首次成功运用了管幕冻结技术。以此为背景, 为更加全面地掌握饱和软土地层中管幕冻结温度场的分布特点, 开展了不同顶管组合方式下的管幕冻结温度场模型试验研究。试验结果表明： 各测点温度曲线在积极冻结期前4 h急剧下降, 随后逐渐减缓, 降至砂土冰点后趋于平稳, 三种布管方式均满足冻结设计要求; 冻结管中低温盐水提供的冷量首先传递给顶管管壁, 再以“面”的形式均匀地传递给周围土体; 积极冻结21 h后, 采用四根空顶管组合的C区冻结壁竖向范围最大, 空管管壁正上方冻结壁平均厚度约为105 mm, 在满足管幕刚度设计要求的前提下, 可采此布管方式以达到快速形成冻结帷幕的目的。限位管开启后的4 h内, 实顶管中线垂直距离100 mm范围内测点温度曲线虽有明显回升但仍维持在冻土冰点以下, 超出此范围后温度变化影响逐渐减弱, 且顶管间冻结壁稳定存在, 表明限位管在满足管间有效封水的条件下, 能在一定范围内起到定向限制地层冻胀的作用。优化后的双圆形冻结管在满足冻结设计要求的同时, 更加便于安装且经济环保。 相似文献
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Acta Geotechnica - Backward erosion piping is an important failure mechanism in both dikes and dams where uniform silts and sands are covered by a cohesive layer. It is an internal erosion... 相似文献
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Ravi Shanker S. Nag A. Ganguly A. Absar B. P. Rawat G. S. Singh 《Journal of Earth System Science》2001,110(1):63-76
The diamond bearing pipe rocks in Majhgawan-Hinota (more than four pipes) occur as intrusives in sandstones of Kaimur Group.
These Proterozoic (974 ±30-1170 ±20 Ma) intrusive rocks, occupying the southeastern margin of Aravalli craton, were called
as ‘micaceous kimberlite’ in tune with the reported kimberlite occurrences from other parts of the world. Judging from the
definition of kimberlite, as approved by the IUGS Subcommission on Systematics of Igneous Rocks, it is not justified to call
these rocks as ‘micaceous kimberlite’. Rather the mineralogical assemblages such as absence of typomorphic mineral monticellite
(primary), abundance of phlogopite cognate, frequent presence of barite and primary carbonate mostly as calcite coupled with
ultrapotassic and volatile-rich (dominantly H2O) nature and high concentration of incompatible elements (such as Ba, Zr, Th, U), low Th/U ratios, low REE and no Eu-anomaly
clearly indicate a close similarity with that of South African orangeites. Thus orangeites of Proterozoic age occur outside
the Kaapvaal craton of South Africa which are much younger (200 Ma to 110 Ma) in age. 相似文献
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为探究边壁双曲率对其水动力特性的影响，应用RNG k-ε紊流模型和部分面积体积障碍模拟技术（FAVOR），针对圆管非满流建立三维数值模型，通过物理模型试验结果验证该数值模型的可行性。针对底坡和充满度不同组合条件进行数值试验，分析断面流速、壁面切应力和雷诺切应力分布规律等。研究结果表明：圆管非满流断面上不同垂线的流速分布具有较好的相似性，据此提出了垂线流速分布的抛物线公式；针对不同充满度条件提出了壁面切应力沿湿周分布的统一表达式；雷诺切应力沿垂线服从线性分布规律，充满度越大且距中垂线越远，沿垂线的变化梯度越小；当充满度大于0.5时，由于受二次流影响断面中垂线上雷诺切应力出现负值。 相似文献
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结合工程实例,对高强预应力混凝土管桩(PHC)在湿陷性黄土地区的应用进行了理论计算及试验研究。结果显示,在考虑土塞效应后,根据规范公式计算的单桩极限承载力值偏于保守。此外,根据单桩静载荷试验,验证了当Q-S曲线为缓变型时,采用多项式拟合法推测单桩竖向承载力标准值以及采用S-lgQ法确定单桩总极限侧阻力值的方法,与实际情况较为吻合。 相似文献
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Field and Scott Smith [Field, M., Scott Smith, B.H., 1999. Contrasting geology and near-surface emplacement of kimberlite pipes in southern Africa and Canada. Proc. 7th Int. Kimb. Conf. (Eds. Gurney et al.) 1, 214–237.] propose that kimberlite pipes can be grouped into three types or classes. Classical or Class 1 pipes are the only class with characteristic low temperature, diatreme-facies kimberlite in addition to hypabyssal- and crater-facies kimberlite. Class 2 and 3 pipes are characterized only by hypabyssal-and crater-facies kimberlite. In an increasing number of Class 1 pipes a new kimberlite facies, transitional-facies kimberlite, is being found. In most cases this facies forms a zone several metres wide at the interface between the hypabyssal- and diatreme-facies. The transitional-facies exhibits textural and mineralogical features, which are continuously gradational between the hypabyssal and the diatreme types. The textural gradations are from a coherent magmatic texture to one where the rock becomes increasingly magmaclastic and this is accompanied by concomitant mineralogical gradations involving the decline and eventual elimination of primary calcite at the expense of microlitic diopside. Both transitional- and diatreme-facies kimberlites are considered to have formed in situ from intruding hypabyssal kimberlite magma as a consequence of exsolution of initially CO2-rich volatiles from the volatile-rich kimberlite magma. The transitional-facies is initiated by volatile exsolution at depths of about 3 km below the original surface. With subsequent cracking through to the surface and resultant rapid decompression, the further catastrophic exsolution of volatiles and their expansion leads to the formation of the diatreme facies. Thus diatreme-facies kimberlite and Class 1 pipes are emplaced by essentially magmatic processes rather than by phreatomagmatism.
Distinctly different petrographic features characterize crater-facies kimberlite in each of the three pipe classes. In crater-facies kimberlites of Class 1 pipes, small pelletal magmaclasts and abundant microlitic diopside are characteristic. These features appear to reflect the derivation of the crater-facies material from the underlying diatreme zone. Most Class 2 pipes have shallow craters and the crater-facies rocks are predominantly pyroclastic kimberlites with diagnostic amoeboid lapilli, which are sometimes welded and have vesicles as well as glass. Possible kimberlite lava also occurs at two Class 2 pipes in N Angola. The possible presence of lava as well as the features of the pyroclastic kimberlite is indicative of hot kimberlite magma being able to rise to levels close to the surface to form Class 2 pipes. Most Class 3 kimberlites have very steep craters and crater-facies rocks are predominantly resedimented volcaniclastic kimberlites, in some cases characterized by the presence of abundant angular magmaclasts, which are petrographically very similar to typical hypabyssal-facies kimberlite found in Class 1 pipes. The differences in crater-facies kimberlite of the three classes of pipe reflect different formation and depositional processes as well as differences in kimberlite composition, specifically volatile composition. Kimberlite forming pipe Classes 1 and 3 is thought to be relatively water-rich and is emplaced by processes involving magmatic exsolution of volatiles. The kimberlite magma forming Class 2 pipes is CO2-rich, can rise to shallow levels, and can initiate phreatomagmatic emplacement processes. 相似文献
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为探究边壁双曲率对其水动力特性的影响，应用RNG k-ε紊流模型和部分面积体积障碍模拟技术（FAVOR），针对圆管非满流建立三维数值模型，通过物理模型试验结果验证该数值模型的可行性。针对底坡和充满度不同组合条件进行数值试验，分析断面流速、壁面切应力和雷诺切应力分布规律等。研究结果表明:圆管非满流断面上不同垂线的流速分布具有较好的相似性，据此提出了垂线流速分布的抛物线公式；针对不同充满度条件提出了壁面切应力沿湿周分布的统一表达式；雷诺切应力沿垂线服从线性分布规律，充满度越大且距中垂线越远，沿垂线的变化梯度越小；当充满度大于0.5时，由于受二次流影响断面中垂线上雷诺切应力出现负值。 相似文献