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ANALYSIS ON CHARACTERISTICS OF ATMOSPHERIC DUCT AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE PROPAGATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE* 
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下载免费PDF全文 YAO Zhanyu ZHAO Bolin LI Wanbiao ZHU Yuanjing DU Jinlin DAI Fushan 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2001,15(2):233-248
On the basis of introducing the basic categories of atmospheric refraction and their existing conditions,the forming processes of three kinds of atmospheric ducts are expounded.Several main characteristics of atmospheric duct are summarized and analyzed,and field sounding data from the WEstern North-Pacific cloud-radiation EXperiment(WENPEX) and meteorological data around the Xisha sea area are used to validate these characteristics.Meanwhile the sensitivities of the evaporation duct height to the variations of atmospheric humidity.the air-sea temperature difference.and horizontal wind speed are examined.With the analysis of the effect of atmosphericduct on the propagation of electromagnetic wave.the maximum trapped-wavelength and the critical emitting angle of elevation for electromagnetic wave which can form duct propagation are derived.At the same time the four kinds of necessary conditions for electromagnetic wave to form ductpropagation are brought forward.The effects of atmospheric duct on ultrashort wave propagation,radar observation.short wave communication etc.are also discussed. 相似文献
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大气波导特征分析及其对电磁波传播的影响 总被引：55，自引：1，他引：54
文中在介绍大气折射的基本类型及其存在条件的基础上 ,阐述了三种类型的大气波导的形成机制 ,总结并分析了大气波导的几个主要特征 ,并用西北太平洋云辐射实验的实测资料和西沙海域的气象资料进行了验证 ,同时试验了蒸发波导高度对大气湿度、气海温差、水平风速变化的敏感性 .在分析大气波导对电磁波传播的影响时 ,推导了可形成波导传播的电磁波最大陷获波长和临界发射仰角 ,提出了电磁波形成波导传播的 4个必要条件 ,并讨论了大气波导对超短波传播、雷达探测、短波通信等方面的影响 . 相似文献
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受台风鹿莎影响,处在其西侧外围下沉区域的南京地区于2002年8月31日出现了一次大气波导过程,利用大气中尺度模式WRF对其成因进行了详细的数值模拟研究。WRF数值模拟较好地再现了此次波导的演变过程,即波导在31日傍晚开始形成,次日凌晨达到最强,日出后迅速减弱消失。基于数值模拟高时空分辨率的输出结果,对波导成因进行细致分析,结果表明:湿度突变层和逆温层的同时存在导致了波导的发生,前者是其形成的关键因素,而后者的作用主要体现在增强其强度;台风前期流场从海上带来大量的水汽,台风后期流场将北方高空干空气输送到受高压下沉运动控制的南京地区,造成近地层出现下湿上干的剧烈湿度梯度;下沉运动强度并不足以直接导致南京地区的逆温层,但其控制下的晴朗天气非常有利于夜间地面长波辐射冷却而形成逆温。 相似文献
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蒸发波导是海上普遍存在的海洋天气现象, 也是导致海上电磁波异常传播的重要因素, 严重影响了海上雷达、通信及电子设备的有效应用。而TOGA COARE (海洋-大气耦合响应试验) 通量算法为蒸发波导的精确诊断提供了条件, 因此, 该文建立了基于海气通量算法的海上蒸发波导诊断模型, 并利用福建海域铁塔观测资料以及海上雷达探测试验数据与美国业务运转的Paulus-Jeske诊断模型对比, 结果表明:通量蒸发波导诊断模型的各项对比结果均优于Paulus-Jeske模型。 相似文献
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早期的理论分析认为大气中临界纬度的存在使得热带-热带外的大气活动互不影响。然而,大量的观测事实表明中低纬度大气运动存在着明显的动力联系。为了帮助人们更好地理解大气中的遥相关现象,在大量文献的基础上,综述了几种波能量传播理论:(1) 大圆理论指出了罗斯贝波在球形大气中的传播特征;(2) 西风通道理论发现了中纬度瞬变扰动越赤道传播的“走廊”;(3) 能量堆积-波列发射理论揭示了热带扰动影响到更高纬度大气活动的可能过程;(4) 赤道波侧向膨胀理论则利用转折纬度的概念更进一步解释了这种中低纬度大气相互作用的物理机制;(5) 经向基本流理论则认为在一定的条件下定常波可以穿过热带东风带传播到另一半球。此外,文中还回顾了在波-流相互作用诊断方面的研究进展,尤其是关于罗斯贝波、惯性重力波和赤道开尔文波。大气能量的经向传播具有显著的年变化和年际变化,这与ENSO、西风急流、大洋中部槽等的变化密切相关。 相似文献
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By using barotropic model equations, this article analyzed the characteristics of Rossby waves, the propagation features of wave energy and the influence of dynamic and thermal effects of the Tibetan Plateau on Rossby waves, and the focus is on discussing the plateau's topographic gradient effects on atmospheric Rossby waves. Then based on the WRF3.2 and the NCEP/NCAR FNL reanalysis data, we devised comparative tests of changing the plateau's topographic gradient and simulated a process of persistent heavy rain that happened in May 2010 in South China. The results are shown as follows. The Tibetan Plateau’s topography is conducive to the formation of atmospheric Rossby waves. while the plateau's terrain, its friction and heating effects can all make the atmospheric Rossby waves develop into the planetary waves; The effects of plateau's north and south slopes on the Rossby wave’ phase velocity is opposite, and when the slope reached a certain value can the quasi-steady normal fluctuations be generated; Simultaneously, due to the plateau's topographic gradient, descending motion appears at the west side of the plateau while ascending motion appears at the east side, and the vertical movement increased with the amplification of topographic gradients. The plateau's topographic gradient also obviously amplified the precipitation in South China, and the rainfall area increased with the amplification of topographic gradients and gradually moved from south to north and from west to east, which is conducive to the occurrence and development of convective activities in the downstream areas of the Tibetan Plateau; Moreover, for the plateau’s dynamic and thermal effects, the Rossby wave’ propagation shows upstream effects of energy dispersion, so the plateau can then affect the weather in downstream areas. Moreover, the wave group velocity increased with the degree of topographic slope. 相似文献
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Early theoretical analyses indicated that the tropics and extratropics are relatively independent due to the existence of critical latitudes. However, considerable observational evidence has shown that a clear dynamical link exists between the tropics and midlatitudes. To better understand such atmospheric teleconnection, several theories of wave energy propagation are reviewed in this paper: (1) great circle theory, which reveals the characteristics of Rossby waves propagating in the spherical atmosphere; (2) westerly duct theory, which suggests a “corridor” through which the midlatitude disturbances in one hemisphere can propagate into the other hemisphere; (3) energy accumulation-wave emanation theory, which proposes processes through which tropical disturbances can affect the atmospheric motion in higher latitudes; (4) equatorial wave expansion theory, which further explains the physical mechanisms involved in the interaction between the tropics and extratropics; and (5) meridional basic flow theory, which argues that stationary waves can propagate across the tropical easterlies under certain conditions. In addition, the progress made in diagnosing wave-flow interaction, particularly for Rossby waves, inertial-gravity waves, and Kelvin waves, is also reviewed. The meridional propagation of atmospheric energy exhibits significant annual and interannual variations, closely related to ENSO and variation in the westerly jets and tropical upper-tropospheric troughs, amongst others. 相似文献
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1.IntroductionThelow~frequencyoscillation(LFO)isaveryimPOrtantweatherphenomenonintheatmosphere.The30--50--dayandquasichiweeklyoscillationsinthetropicalatmospherearemostintensivelystudied,andcomParativelyspeaking,anotherkindofLFOconcernillgtheQBOofthestratosphericzonalwindsismuchlessstudied,which,althoughoccurringinthestratosphere,bearsacloserelationtothetroposphericactivitiesandtheevolutionoflow--latitudecirculationssothatitisworthwhiletoexploreindepththephysicalmechanismfortheQBOoccurre… 相似文献
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SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATIONS OF THE KINEMATIC CHARACTERISTICS IN THE PROPAGATION OF ATMOSPHERIC STATIONARY WAVES 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Time-mean global general circulation data are employed to analyze the temporal and spatial variations ofthe meridional gradient of zonal mean potential vorticity,the critical wavenumber n_s for horizontal wave-propagation,and the critical wavenumber K_c for vertical wave-propagation.Thereby the kinematic charac-teristics in the propagation of atmospheric stationary waves and their annual variations are studied.Resultsshow that in the troposphere n_s and K_c usually decrease with the increase of either latitude or altitude.Synoptic and near-resonant Rossby waves could be trapped during their upward and meridional propagations.These characteristics possess prominent annual variations,especially in the Northern Hemisphere.It is foundthat the spatial and temporal variations of these kinematic characteristics are in good agreement with those ofthe atmospheric wave patterns. 相似文献
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低空急流和非均匀层结条件下重力惯性波的传播与发展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文从基流背景下线性化Boussinesq方程组出发,采用WKBJ方法,首先求得重力惯性波的广义波作用量变化方程及波参数随波包的变化方程,讨论了基流切变对重力惯性波传播和发展的影响;然后用Runge-Kutta方法讨论了不同层结(含降水影响)下重力惯性波的传播路径。得到了降水强度大、静力稳定度小的区域对重力惯性波有“吸引”作用,因而引起重力惯性波能量的集中,进而触发和强化对流天气的结论。 相似文献
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文中利用ＷＫＢ近似，讨论了非均匀层结对惯性重力内波和纯重力内波能量传播路径的影响，得到了波的能量密度，广义波作用密度，和广义拟能密度守恒的条件，导得了重力内波不稳定的必要条件，给出了在波的传播过程中控制波射线折射的方程，得到了两类不同的临界层，最后还利用四阶Ｒｕｎｇｅ－Ｋｕｔｔａ方法计算了不同层结分布下的波射线。 相似文献
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稳定层结条件下非线性相似函数对蒸发波导模型的改进 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
大气修正折射指数(M)廓线是描述大气折射环境的重要参数,也是评估电波传播的关键因子。为了提高稳定特别是强稳定层结条件下模型预测M廓线的效果,引入三种非线性无量纲相似函数BH91、CB05、SHEBA07对原始的Babin_V25模型进行了改进,并利用铁塔平台实测气象水文数据对改进后的模型预测效果进行了评估,同时将其与改进前的Babin_V25模型以及Local_HYQ92模型的效果进行比较。结果表明:引入非线性相似函数能明显改进模型预测M廓线的效果,尤其是最新发展的SHEBA07,改进后的Babin_SHEBA07模型能在稳定层结条件下预测M值、0~5 m及5~40 m内的M梯度均方根误差分别减少64.5%、16.6%和60.4%,但这种方法对蒸发波导高度的预测效果改进不明显;而基于局地相似理论的Local_HYQ92模型则能使稳定层结条件下M值、0~5 m内、5~40 m内的M梯度以及蒸发波导高度d的预测均方根误差分别减少76.7%、40.2%、83.7%和58.0%。考虑到在电磁波传播特性的评估中,M梯度比蒸发波导高度和M值本身更为重要,最终推荐在强稳定层结条件下选用Local_HYQ92模型和Babin... 相似文献
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本文利用赤道β平面近似下的线性化扰动方程组,假定无外源强迫和基本大气为等温大气的情况下求解,对于v’=0的Kelvin波的特解,得到了波动的能量和动量的铅直输送的结果。在波动位相下传的情况下,波动向上输送能量和西风角动量。这从理论上印证了Kelvin波在铅直方向的能量和动量输送特征,也提示了Kelvin波对准两年振荡(QBO)中西风位相的建立和下传的作用。 相似文献
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不同下垫面大气边界层湍流的混沌特性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据３ 种不同观测资料,计算和分析了有关诊断具有耗散结构的系统混沌运动的特征量：功率谱、关联维数、Ｌｙａｐｕｎｏｖ 指数和关联熵。结果表明：尽管下垫面明显不同,大气边界层湍流均为混沌运动。 相似文献
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使用1961—2016年广西79个地面气象观测站逐日降水资料、美国国家海洋和大气管理局(NOAA)逐月太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)指数资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、国家气候中心西太平洋副热带高压指数资料,利用相关和合成分析等方法研究广西大范围暴雨气候异常对PDO的响应。结果表明：广西大范围暴雨日数存在显著增多的突变新特征,对PDO有反位相变化的响应。当PDO处于冷位相时,对应着5—8月贝加尔湖阻塞高压和澳大利亚高压显著性偏强;索马里越赤道气流明显增强,与西太平洋副热带高压西侧边沿的东南风容易形成季风槽;形成从新几内亚岛东北部沿海到华南地区的低空风场为“反气旋-气旋-反气旋-气旋”波列传播,使广西大范围暴雨日数偏多。当PDO处于暖位相时,大气环流异常特征相反,广西大范围暴雨日数偏少。 相似文献