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大洋锰结核氨浸渣是锰结核提取有色金属后的残留物,主要矿物成分为菱锰矿,少量的针铁矿、粘土矿物、石英和非晶二氧化硅.锰结核氨浸渣煅烧处理是锰结核氨浸渣制备脱琉吸附剂的关键步骤.本文用XRD、TGA-DTA、SEM、BET-SSA等表征方法研究了大洋锰结核氨浸渣热处理结构演化.结果表明,锰结核氨浸渣主要是菱面体形状的菱锰矿,煅烧产物仍然保持菱面体假象,但是由于菱锰矿分解氧化,在其表面形成大量的网状孔,导致比表面积增大;在30～1000℃的升温过程中,失重主要发生在450～560℃之间;450～500℃空气气氛煅烧后菱锰矿分解并氧化为MnO2;当煅烧温度继续升高时MnO2转化为Mn2O3和Mn3O4;脱H2S实验表明,锰结核氨浸渣480℃煅烧产物脱硫效率最高,1 g煅烧产物可去除的310mg S2-. 相似文献
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氧化型锰矿石脱硫产物含大量硫化锰,利用这种材料装填固定床进行净化水中铜离子的动态试验.在材料粒径0.45～0.9mm、进水pH=5.8、进水滤速4.58 m/h条件下,1 t锰矿石脱硫产物可以处理923 tρ(Cu~(2+))=50 mg/L的含铜废水,出水ρ(Cu~(2+))<0.5 mg/L,低于国家一级排放标准.控制进水pH在4～9之间、降低进水滤速、采用较小粒径的材料有利于提高锰矿石脱硫产物处理含铜废水的容量.利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜-能谱分析(SEM-EDS)对材料和产物进行表征,证明锰矿石脱硫产物去除水中铜离子是基于离子交换反应的原理. 相似文献
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为合理有效地提取和利用大洋金属资源,在对大洋锰结核化学成分及矿物组成进行测定的基础上,采用分布溶解法对钴的赋存状态进行了分析.选择还原氨浸法对大洋锰结核中的多金属进行了浸取实验,并用铵黄铁矾法对浸取液进行了除铁及用硫化沉淀法对钴进行分离提取等实验.结果表明:大洋锰结核中钴的质量分数可达0.30%,且主要以硅酸钴、氧化钴和硫化钴的形式存在.氨浸提取可以有效地使金属离子从结核中溶出,其中钴的浸出率最高可达93.25%;铵黄铁矾法可将浸出液中的铁全部去除.提取的硫化钴中除含有少量铬外未见其它杂质元素. 相似文献
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通过研究大洋锰结核经氨浸工艺提取Co,Ni,Cu等有价金属后的粉末状固体残渣（氨浸渣）对石英-长石-高岭土3组分陶瓷体系烧结行为及制品性能的影响发现：3组分体系中添加不超过10％的氨浸渣,在1140℃烧结90min,烧结体的抗折强度大于65．9MPa,吸水率小于0．128％．达到JC／T665-1997规定的要求。氨浸渣的助熔效果明显,添加5％～10％即可降低3组分陶瓷烧结温度40℃～80℃,添加量过多（超过10％）会增加熔体相含量．易引起坯体过烧,不利于坯体致密化和烧成工艺控制。添加氨浸渣,烧结体呈灰白色一黄褐色,且烧结体颜色随氨浸渣含量增加而变深。研究认为,氨浸渣可以作为石英-长石-高岭土3组分陶瓷的助熔剂和色料。 相似文献
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微X射线束荧光扫描成份分析研究：元素二维分布图 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
经过改进的微X射线扫描分析装置,扩大了测量范围;提高了位移精度;处理数据及绘制二维(平面)元素分布图实现计算机化。测量并绘制出大洋锰结核中多元素平面分布图。 相似文献
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以93%的盱眙凹凸棒和临泽凹凸棒为载体,淀粉糖苷非离子表面活性剂为分散剂,负载纳米氧化铁为活性组分制备脱硫剂。采用L18(2×73)正交试验和单因素试验,对气体流量为10ml/min的纯H2S气体,在不同条件下制备的脱硫吸附剂进行H2S气体脱除研究。结果表明:得到的纳米氧化铁为各种晶态型氧化铁,纳米氧化铁分散均匀,且其平均粒径小于10nm,脱除H2S的最大硫容为29.98%。利用红外(IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等技术对脱硫反应前后的脱硫剂进行表征并分析其脱硫机理。 相似文献
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研究了钠基蒙脱石吸附Ni^2+后以及产物经过500℃热处理后的结构变化,采用了X射线荧光光谱术(XRF)、粉末X射线衍射术(XRD)、电子顺磁共振谱术(ESR)、傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱术(FTIR)以及拓展X射线吸收精细结构谱术(EXAFS)等分析手段测试了固体产物的特征,并利用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱术(ICP-AES)分析了吸附残余液的化学组成。吸附残余液的化学分析结果表明,溶液中Ni^2+的量显著降低,同时又检测到一定量的Na^+、Mg^2+等离子,且XRD结果也证实蒙脱石层间域发生Ni^2+的交换吸附。EXAFS和ESR的结果进一步表明吸附反应后Ni^2+以[Ni(H2O)6]^2+的形式存在于蒙脱石的层间域,样品经过500℃加热后产物的XRD和FTIR结果均显示出现类滑石相产物。 相似文献
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藻类作为水体中的初级生产力,通过生物积累、生物矿化等生理功能与环境中的重金属相互作用、对重金属地球生 物化学循环起到关键作用。为了探讨藻类生物矿化去除水体中重金属的现象,文中研究了淡水微藻FZUL-321对Pb2+的去除 及矿化。结果表明：微藻FZUL-321对Pb2+有较强的去除能力,且是一个快速去除的过程。随着Pb2+浓度增大,该微藻对Pb2+ 的去除效果也增大。在弱酸性条件下（pH5.0）,其去除Pb2+的效果较好。如在Pb2+初始浓度为100mg/L,pH5.0,去除时间 为40min,此时Pb2+的去除量为423.2×10-3干重。原子力显微镜（AFM）对细胞表面的形貌进行观察,发现微藻FZUL-321与 Pb2+作用后,细胞形貌和尺寸变化较大,如细胞褶皱并塌陷,细胞表面变得粗糙等。傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）结果表明藻 细胞表面的羧基、氨基和磷酸基团等官能团参与前期Pb2+的吸附沉淀。最终,通过一系列生化作用,微藻FZUL-321将离子 态的Pb2+矿化,X射线衍射（XRD）分析显示,矿化产物为Pb5(PO4)3OH。 相似文献
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改性负载MnO凹凸棒石的脱硫实验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以改性甘肃临泽凹凸棒石(GATP)为载体,用浸渍法制备负载型MnO/凹凸棒石脱硫剂(MnO/GATP),考察酸化条件、活化温度及粒径等因素对脱硫剂脱硫效果的影响,并采用红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)及X射线荧光光谱(XRF)等手段进行表征.结果表明,采用400℃焙烧2.5h制备的含MnO 27.75％的MnO/GATP,在H2S气体流量为20(ml·min-1)时的最大穿透硫容可达到26.6％.经FTIR和XRD表征,制备的MnO/GATP在常温常压下主要将硫化氢转化为MnS和单质硫,该负载型脱硫剂具有较强的吸附性能和催化脱硫能力,脱硫效果优于复合型凹凸棒石脱硫剂. 相似文献
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M. Sayed N. Burham 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2018,15(1):105-118
A novel polyurethane foam/organobentonite/iron oxide nanocomposite adsorbent was successfully prepared via in situ polymerization of toluene diisocyanate and polyol in presence of 5 wt% organobentonite/iron oxide. The obtained nanocomposite was characterized in detail, and the results revealed that the clay layers are exfoliated and/or intercalated in the polymer matrix forming a nanocomposite structure. The application of the prepared nanocomposite for adsorption of cadmium ions from aqueous solution was tested as a function of various experimental parameters using batch procedures. Adsorptive removal of Cd(II) onto the nanocomposite attained maximum at adsorbent content 1.5 g/L, pH 6, and the equilibrium was established within 60 min. Kinetic studies showed that the experimental data fit very well to pseudo-second-order model, and the adsorption process proceeds through three steps. It was found that external liquid film and intraparticle diffusion steps deeply affect the rate of Cd2+ ions adsorption onto the synthesized nanocomposite. Langmuir isotherm model fitted the adsorption data better than Freundlich with a maximum adsorption capacity (q m) for Cd(II) equal to 78 mg/g under the specified experimental conditions. The synthesized nanocomposite afforded effective extraction for Cd2+ ions from natural water samples and excellent reusability feature. This study declares the potential efficiency of a new clay/polymer nanocomposite as alternative for wastewater remediation. 相似文献
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利用天然锰钾矿处理实验室内配置的含Cd^2 废水，结果表明：天然锰钾矿对水溶液中Cd^2 的去除达平衡需2d以上；锰钾矿粒径越小对Cd^2 的去除量越大；溶液中例Cd^2 的浓度不太高时，去除量随溶液浓度的升高而增大；在酸性介质中去除量随pH值增大先降低后增大，pH值超过6．3时天然锰钾矿表面开始带负电荷，在弱碱性介质中去除量最大；不同电解质对去除量的的影响主要是由Cl^-与Cd^2 的络合造成的。实验浓度范围内能很好地用Langmuir吸附等温线拟合，对Cd^2 0的最大吸附量为5．54mg/g。锰钾矿处理含Cd^2 废水的过程中伴随有K^ 和Mn^2 溶出。处理Cd^2 后的锰钾矿渣，经超声并淋滤后仍有大部分的Cd^2 被固持，固持率可达去除量的79．82％。 相似文献
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QI Yong LIU Yu 《《地质学报》英文版》2006,80(2):226-229
In this paper, the behaviors of aqueous zinc sorption by hydroxyapatite in the co-existence of Pb^2＋, Cd^2＋ and Cu^2＋ are investigated, the effects of Pb^2＋, Cd^2＋ and Cu^2＋ on the sorption of Zn^2＋ are discussed, and the hydroxyapatite sorption capabilities for Pb^2＋, Cd^2＋, Cu^2＋ and Zn^2＋ are compared. The experimental results show that the Zn^2＋ removal efficiency decreases gradually with the increase of the Cd^2＋ concentration of the solution, and there is no sorption preference between Cd^2＋ and Zn^2＋. On the other hand, the Zn^2＋ removal efficiency rapidly decreases rapidly with the increase of the Cu^2＋ concentration of the solution, and there is a clear sorption preference between Cu^2＋ and Zn^2＋. It is noticed that the Zn^2＋ removal efficiency is hardly changed with the variance of Pb^2＋ concentration because the removal mechanisms for these two ions are totally different. It is concluded that the adsorption affinities of the heavy metals for the hydroxyapatite follows this sequence： pb^2＋〉 Cu^2＋〉 Cd^2＋〉 Zn^2＋. 相似文献
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S. Kahu A. Shekhawat D. Saravanan R. Jugade 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2016,13(9):2269-2282
Microwave-assisted tetrabutyl ammonium-impregnated sulphate-crosslinked chitosan was synthesized for enhanced adsorption of hexavalent chromium. The adsorbent obtained was extensively characterized using Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray studies. Various isotherm models such as Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich were studied to comprehend the adsorption mechanism of hexavalent chromium by the adsorbent. Maximum adsorption capacity of 225.9 mg g?1 was observed at pH 3.0 in accordance with Langmuir isotherm model. The sorption kinetics and thermodynamic studies revealed that adsorption of hexavalent chromium followed pseudo-second-order kinetics with exothermic and spontaneous behaviour. A column packed with 1 g of adsorbent was found to give complete adsorption of Cr(VI) up to 900 mL of 200 mg L?1 solution which discerns the applicability of the adsorbent material for higher sample volumes in column studies. The effective adsorption results were obtained due to both ion exchange and ion pair interaction of adsorbent with hexavalent chromium. Greener aspect of overall adsorption was regeneration of the adsorbent which was carried out using sodium hydroxide solution. In the present study, the regenerated adsorbent was effectively reused up to ten adsorption–desorption cycles with no loss in adsorption efficiency. 相似文献
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Heavy metals removal from synthetic wastewater by a novel nano-size composite adsorbent 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Y. B. Onundi M.Sc. A. A. Mamun Ph.D. M. F. Al Khatib Ph.D. M. A. Al Saadi M.Sc. A. M. Suleyman Ph.D. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2011,8(4):799-806
The effects of varying operating conditions on metals removal from aqueous solution using a novel nano-size composite adsorbent are reported in this paper. Characterization of the composite adsorbent material showed successful production of carbon nanotubes on granular activated carbon using 1 % nickel as catalyst. In the laboratory adsorption experiment, initial mixed metals concentration of 2.0 mg/L Cu2+, 1.5 mg/L Pb2+ and 0.8 mg/L Ni2+ were synthesized based on metals concentration from samples collected from a semiconductor industry effluent. The effects of operation conditions on metals removal using composite adsorbent were investigated. Experimental conditions resulting in optimal metals adsorption were observed at pH 5, 1 g/L dosage and 60 min contact time. It was noted that the percentage of metals removal at the equilibrium condition varied for each metal, with lead recording 99 %, copper 61 % and nickel 20 %, giving metal affinity trend of Pb2+ > Cu2+ > Ni2+ on the adsorbent. Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm model gave a higher R2 value of 0.93, 0.89 and 0.986 for copper, nickel and lead, respectively, over that of Freundlich model during the adsorption process of the three metals in matrix solution. 相似文献
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Removal of selected heavy metals from aqueous solutions using a solid by-product from the Jordanian oil shale refining 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The potential use of treated solid by-product of oil shale to treat aqueous solutions containing several heavy metals, i.e.,
Cd(II), Cu(II), Cr(III), Ni(III), Pb(II) and Zn(II), was explored. Different experimental approaches including equilibrium
batch mode experiments and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) were used to explore the feasibility of this material as a cheap adsorbent
for the removal of these heavy metals from predetermined solutions. Results indicate that the solid by-product of oil shale
removes Cd(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), and Pb(II), from aqueous solutions by adsorption, but did not remove the other heavy metals
investigated in this study.
Received: 20 April 1998 · Accepted: 20 November 1998 相似文献
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Gökhan Zengin 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(7):3031-3041
In this study, the feasibility of using a low-cost adsorbent mixture composed of leonardite (L) and clinoptilolite (C) was evaluated by batch adsorption method using different parameters such as mixing ratio, contact time, pH, temperature, and adsorbent amount for the removal of Zn (II) ions from an aqueous solution. The adsorbents were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Additionally, leonardite–clinoptilolite mixture was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray. The Zn (II) adsorption along with an unprecedented adsorption capacity of 454.55 mg g?1 for unmodified natural sorbents was obtained by mixing leonardite and clinoptilolite (LC) without any pretreatment at a ratio of 3:1, using 0.1 g of sorbent at a pH 6, for 2 h of contact time. The experimental data showed a good fit for the Langmuir isotherm model. The thermodynamic parameters revealed that the present adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic in nature (25–50 °C). The kinetic results of the adsorption showed that the Zn (II) adsorption onto the LC follows pseudo-second-order model. The resultant LC mixture has an excellent adsorption capacity of a Zn (II) aqueous solution, and data obtained may form the basis for utilization of LC as an unpretreated low-cost adsorbent for treatment of metalliferous industrial wastewater. 相似文献
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基于硫酸根自由基的高级氧化技术能有效降解水中磺胺类药物残留。由于在自然环境中共存重金属会对环境修复效果产生一定影响,文中重点研究了不同pH环境条件下不同重金属离子对针铁矿活化过硫酸盐(PS)去除水中磺胺吡啶(SPY)的影响。不同类型重金属离子(Cu^2+、Pb^2+、Cd^2+,0.2mmol/L)在反应体系(初始条件:针铁矿,1.0g/L;PS,4mmol/L;SPY,10mg/L;pH=8.2)中对SPY的降解对比研究发现:在无重金属共存的条件下,针铁矿/PS体系降解SPY的去除率为25.2%;Pb^2+和Cd^2+对针铁矿/PS体系的影响较弱,去除率分别为30.8%和34.8%;Cu^2+的促进作用很大,可以使SPY被完全降解(100%)。机理分析认为,在针铁矿/PS体系中Pb^2+和Cd^2+主要通过影响吸附作用导致磺胺吡啶被去除,而Cu^2+主要通过自身活化PS的作用。不同pH条件(3.0,8.0,12.0)实验证实弱碱性条件下,Cu^2+/针铁矿/PS能够发挥较高的活性从而降解SPY。本文结果为采用针铁矿活化过硫酸盐技术修复类似复合污染地下水环境提供了实验依据。 相似文献