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1.
孢粉记录揭示的2万年以来若尔盖地区的气候变化   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9  
刘光锈  王苏民 《冰川冻土》1995,17(2):132-137
若尔盖黑河牧场DC剖面的孢粉记录表明,末次冰期晚阶段若尔盖原高的气候表现为不稳定性,即冷暖变化频繁,其基本变化与全球一致,相对暖的阶段发生在20-18KaBP,16-15KaBP和13-11.2KaBP;相对冷的阶段在18-16KaBP,15-14KaBP和11.2-10.2KaBP。其中末次冰期最盛期发生于18-16KaBP;11.2-10.2KaBP的降温可对应于YoungerDryas事件。  相似文献   

2.
通过对内蒙古哈马尔大碱湖Ha01孔岩心古气候记录的研究,划分出13000a以来的10个气候期及若干气候阶。对比表明,与全球气候变化是一致的。在末次冰期盛冰期之后,冰后期之前,有三次明显的急速降温,先后有老仙女木冰阶、中仙女木冰阶和新仙女木冰阶;冰后期以来,有两次大幅度的降温事件,均具有全球性,一次冷点是7640aB.P,一次冷点为5000aB.P,前者相当Demon称作的第一新冰期,后者相当第一新冰期。近2000年该盐湖的气候变化与中国历史文献资料相吻合。  相似文献   

3.
通过对内蒙古哈马尔太碱湖Ha01孔岩心古气候记录的研究,划分出13000a以来的10个气候期及若干气候阶。对比表明,与全球气候变化是一致。在末次冰期盛冰期之后,冰后期之前,有三次明显的急速降温,先后有老仙女木冰阶、中仙女木冰阶和新仙女木冰队;冰后期以来,有两次大幅度的降温事件,均具有全球性,一次冷点是7640aB.P.,一次冷点为5000a.B.P.,前者相当Denton称作的第一新冰期,后者相当  相似文献   

4.
萨拉乌苏组沉积时代的重新厘定   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
苏志珠  董光荣 《沉积学报》1997,15(4):159-164
重新认识我国北方地区晚更新世河湖相标准地层--萨拉乌苏组的形成时代,对于萨拉乌苏组与马兰黄土的关系,与冰期气候对比等具有重要意义。笔者近年来根据野外层位对比和地层沉积相的划分,采用绝对年代控制,并结合黄土-古土壤序列研究的最新成果,初步建立了可以与黄土、深海沉积记录和冰期气候波动对比的萨拉乌苏组地层序列。认为河湖相沉积的萨拉乌苏组形成于约140000~70000a.B.P.的末次间冰期,大致与深海氧同位素第5阶段对应,与黄土高原古土壤S1发育同期。城川组风成细砂形成于约70000~10000a.B.P的末次冰期,与黄土高原的马兰黄土是同期异相地质体.  相似文献   

5.
珠江三角洲晚更新世以来的沉积-古地理   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
本文将珠江三角洲晚更新世以来的演化分为前三角洲(约40000—32500aB.P.)、老三角洲(32500—7500aB.P.)和新三角洲(7500aB.P.—现在)三个阶段,并在此基础上探讨珠江三角洲沉积-古地理的变迁。研究结果表明,在前三角洲阶段,珠江三角洲为内陆环境,五条大河在中山三角一带汇合,然后向南东入海。磨刀门西江水道形成于第二阶段的30000—20000。B.P.;狮子洋、珠江和银洲湖等水道则是全新世才发展起来的。三角洲发生过两次海侵。第一次大约开始于32500aB.P.,第二次大约开始于7500aB.P.。两次海侵形成了新、老两套三角洲沉积。  相似文献   

6.
4000~3500aB.P.我国的环境突变事件研究方修琦(北京师范大学资源与环境科学系,北京,100875)在我国发现了大量指示4000~3500aB.P.前后存在环境突变事件的证据,这些证据分别集中在4000~3900aB.P.两个时段,两个时段中...  相似文献   

7.
北美Laurentide冰盖于末次冰期的大部分时间在北美东北部一直存在,冰盖的活动对北美东部冰期时的环境和气候有很大的影响。甲虫分析表明,北美东部中纬度地区在威斯康星中、晚期的气候以寒冷为主,中间分别在42000aB.P.,34000aB.P.和28000aB.P.出现3次明显的气候变暖。此区威斯康星中期气候冷暖波动的幅度和出现的时间可以与同期的格陵兰冰芯记录及北大西洋Heinrich事件对比。  相似文献   

8.
北京地区末次冰消期气候环境变化记录的初步研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
对北京房山县长沟镇附近埋藏末次冰消期湖沼沉积物层序和岩性变化的观测资料,以及14C测年、孢粉分析、磁化率、有机碳δ13C值和有机质含量等测定资料的综合研究表明:1)约13000aB.P.以前本区气候相当干冷,植被稀疏;2)约13000~12100aB.P.气候明显变暖,植被日趋繁茂,出现针叶-落叶阔叶林;3)约12100~10000aB.P.气候波动相当显著,十分不稳定,并在约11600~11300aB.P.和约10950~10480aB.P.气候明显向干冷逆转;而在这两个气候逆转之间出现相对湿润或温湿的气候。这一短期气候变化与北大西洋地区有相似之处,又有差异。  相似文献   

9.
祁连山敦德冰芯氧同位素剖面的古气候信息探究   总被引:10,自引:2,他引:10  
卫克勤  林瑞芬 《地球化学》1994,23(4):311-320
冰芯δ~(18)O剖面的古气候研究一直是基于大气降水同位素组成的温度效应,即冰芯δ~(18)O值与气温呈正相关关系。我国大气降水的同位素组成研究结果表明,在亚洲季风区,由于夏季风带来贫重同位素的暖湿气团,使得季风气候区夏季雨水的δs值低于冬季的δw值,δs-δw<0,正好和温度效应预测的相反。因此,我国季风气候区冰芯的δ~(18)O曲线主要反映古季风的盛衰进退,即冰芯的低δ~(18)O值对应的是夏季风盛行,气候转暖,降水量增加,夏季风前锋北移;冰芯的高δ~(18)O值则对应夏季风强度减弱,气候转冷,降水量减少,夏季风前锋南移。用上述季风气候模式解释敦德冰芯的百年、千年、万年三个不同时间尺度的δ~(18)O剖面,所得结果与已知的全新世古气候事件吻合。根据敦德冰芯δ~(18)O剖面提供的古气候信息,全新世大致可分成三段四期:10600-7100aB.P.为早全新世,与末次冰期相比,夏季风逐渐增强,气候转暖;7100-4000aB.P.为中全新世的前期,夏季风盛行,气候暖湿;4000-1700aB.P.为中全新世的后期,此时夏季风退缩,气候偏干冷;1700aB.P.至今为晚全新世,其间1700-700aB.P.夏季风强度  相似文献   

10.
内蒙古盐湖与台湾湖泊沉积物之古气候记录   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
通过对位于干旱-半干旱区的内蒙古盐湖中沉积物提供的环境和气候条件之相关讯息,能解读出最近23kaB.P.以来详细的气候变化:据今20~23kaB.P.期间,气候呈温干特征;之后,气候变冷进入末次冰期的极盛期。在14.5~20kaB.P.期间,降水量大幅度减小,夏季风萎缩,而冬季风更加强劲。自14.5kaB.P.开始,全球进入冰消期。约在11kaB.P.左右,出现异常降温的新仙女木(YoungerDryas)突变事件。自2.3kaB.P.以来,夏季风乃处于衰退减弱之趋势,其中仍有明显的气候波动。台湾的撤退池和嘉明湖沉积物,则记录着最近数千年来的气候变动,其中的冷暖变化竟也大多与内蒙古盐湖的记录相对应。似能说明20~23kaB.P.以来较大范围的气候变化。  相似文献   

11.
The sedimentary sequences since 33 ka B.P. to 10 ka B.P. have been established in the Re'nacuo-Lake, Gaize area of north Tibet, through a study of a lacustrine section. The climate since 33 ka B.P. to 10 ka B.P. may be divided into two cycle include 5 dry phases and 5 moist phases from reconstructing the paleoclimate through a study of sporopollen analysis. It mainly reflects the general regularity of global climatic change through contrasting with the pale environment in northern hemisphere. Our pollen record reveals a regional climate history similar to those from the neighboring sites, including the GISP2, the Guliya ice core and core RM in Zoige, and thus supports the notion that the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau acts as an important link between climatic events in the North Atlantic realm and the Asian monsoon domain. The response of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to the global climatic change is relatively sensitive.  相似文献   

12.
In order to establish paleoenvironmental conditions during the late Quaternary, four cores from the Basin of Mexico (central Mexico) were drilled in Chalco Lake, located in the southeastern part of the basin. The upper 8 m of two parallel cores were studied, using paleomagnetic, loss-on-ignition, pollen, and diatom analyses. Based on 11 14C ages, the analyzed record spans the last 19,000 14C yr B.P. Volcanic activity has affected microfossil abundances, both directly and indirectly, resulting in absence or reduction of pollen and diatom assemblages. Important volcanic activity took place between 19,000 and 15,000 yr B.P. when the lake was a shallow alkaline marsh and an increase of grassland pollen suggests a dry, cold climate. During this interval, abrupt environmental changes with increasing moisture occurred. From 15,000 until 12,500 yr B.P. the lake level increased and the pollen indicates wetter conditions. The highest lake level is registered from 12,500 to ca. 9000 yr B.P. The end of the Pleistocene is characterized by an increase in humidity. From 9000 until ca. 3000 yr B.P. Chalco Lake was a saline marsh and the pollen record indicates warmer conditions. After 3000 yr B.P. the lake level increased and human disturbance dominates the lacustrine record.  相似文献   

13.
青藏高原2.8Ma来的环境演化及其对构造事件响应   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
本文根据青藏高原中部错鄂湖深钻研究的最新成果,结合东部若尔盖盆地湖泊沉积物记录,探讨了青藏高原2.8Ma以来的环境演化过程和高原构造隆升运动对环境演化的影响。初步研究显示:大约2.8MaBP错鄂湖构造成盆;2.6MaBP左右孢粉组合、粒度特征、岩性变化等均记录了一次强烈的构造隆升运动;2.6Ma~0.8Ma时段,高原可能处于一种整体隆升过程中的相对夷平阶段;若尔盖古湖揭示了0.9MaBP来的3次构造隆升运动,反映了高原环境演变的三个阶段;和黄土底界相当的错鄂湖沉积记录显示并未干旱的特征;黄土旺盛堆积时期(L15、L9、L6)高原湖泊记录的气候特征为偏湿气候。   相似文献   

14.
A bog pond 4 km east of Yellowstone Lake has a pollen record starting with an Artemisia spruce assemblage, implying alpine vegetation. A layer of volcanic ash, dated as 14,360 ± 400 BP (probably Glacier Peak or Mt. St. Helens J), occurs within the zone, which terminates at 11,630 ± 180 BP. The rest of the pollen sequence is dominated by lodgepole pine, with reappearance of spruce pollen in modest quantities about 4500 BP, according to dating provided by a layer of Mt. Mazama ash (6600 BP). The present vegetation of the area is marked by forests of lodgepole pine with some stands of spruce and fir. The pollen sequence suggests that the upper treeline before 11,600 y. a. was perhaps 500 m lower than today. The climate then became warmer and/or drier than today (Altithermal interval). About 4500 y. a., a slight climatic reversal took place, roughly contemporaneous with the regrowth of glaciers in the western mountains (neoglaciation).  相似文献   

15.
云南鹤庆盆地2.780~1.802MaB.P.期间的 古植被和古气候*   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
鹤庆深钻421.7m以下岩芯的孢粉组合揭示2.780~1.802MaB.P.期间鹤庆盆地周围山地植被类型的更替主要是松林和寒温针叶林林带的上下迁移,并且研究区在第四纪之前就已基本具备了目前的主要植物种类及其自然地理轮廓。根据孢粉组合中寒温针叶林主要成分的孢粉含量变化推测研究区周围的山顶气候在2.780~1.802MaB.P.期间依次经历了相对温和偏干→整体相对寒冷潮湿→温和偏干→寒冷较湿→温凉较干→温和偏干→寒冷较湿的7次明显波动;同时结合孢粉组合特征和山顶气候推测盆地周围较低海拔区的气候经历了温暖干旱→整体相对温暖潮湿→温暖干旱→温凉较湿→温和偏干→温暖干旱,但夏季有一定降雨→温凉较湿的7次明显波动。在重建古植被与古气候时,还根据孢粉组合中寒温针叶林的主要成分与喜热成分的孢粉含量变化,探讨了2.780~1.802MaB.P.期间不同时段导致研究区周围山地垂直植被带迁移的主要原因,即区分了构造抬升与气候变化对其影响的可能性。研究认为2.729~2.608MaB.P.期间寒温针叶林面积增加主要是由于山体强烈抬升造成的,此次山体强烈抬升正对应着晚新生代地质时期青藏高原强烈隆升的"青藏运动B幕",而其他时段的寒温针叶林面积增减主要是气候变化引起的。  相似文献   

16.
通过对长江中游和尚洞HS-2号石笋的沉积特征及C、O同位素Mg、Sr微量元素相结合分析,利用U系法定年,获取了长江中游19.0ka~6.9ka的古气候、古环境信息(平均分辨率为17a,局部分辨率达到7a).得出如下结论(1)19.0~16.6ka, C、O同位素偏轻,气候冷湿;(2)16.6~11.1ka, C、O同位素偏重, 气温上升,降水偏少;(3)11.1~10.3ka 干热时期中的突然回冷事件对应于新仙女木事件(Younger Dryas Event);(4)10.3~6.9 ka B.P δ18O及δ13C值逐渐变轻,而Mg/Sr比继续增大,表现为气温上升,降雨量较大.反映了历史时期湿冷、干热、湿暖交替变化的气候趋势,得出了长江中游千年级和百年级的一些气候变化趋势,特别是发现了新仙女木事件在长江中游洞穴石笋中完整的记录,说明新仙女木事件是全球性气候突变与环境灾变事件  相似文献   

17.
对柴达木盆地察尔汗古贝壳堤剖面的沉积物进行孢粉分析,结果显示这个地区植被与气候在晚更新世中晚期经历以下几个阶段的变化:36.2~31.2kaB.P.(未校正14C年代,下同)期间,以禾本科、藜科、蒿属、莎草科为主,发育草原-草甸植被,气候温和湿润,盘星藻出现较多,反映淡水湖泊,水深在10m左右;31.2~27.6kaB.P.期间,松属、云杉属、桦属等为主的木本植物的含量增加,周围山地森林发育,表明气候温暖,降水量增多。但由于蒸发量大,有效湿度下降,荒漠成分柽柳属等增加,盘星藻在30kaB.P.以后消失,反映湖泊盐度增大;27.6~23.3kaB.P.期间,植被中荒漠成分显著增加,周围山地森林萎缩,气候趋向相对寒冷干旱,湖面积缩小;23.3~18.0kaB.P.,孢粉浓度很低,蒺藜科、藜科等荒漠成分明显增加,植被稀疏,已趋向荒漠化草原,反映气候寒冷干旱。从整个剖面来看,主要的陆生植物孢粉类型为禾本科、柽柳属、蒺藜科、麻黄属、松属、云杉属、柏科、胡桃属和桦属等,藜科和蒿属含量很少,这与柴达木盆地东部地区的表土分析结果完全不同,也与其他草原以及荒漠草原的表土花粉结果相异。这说明晚更新世中晚期柴达木盆地东部地区的植被和现在无法进行比较,气候环境与现在显著不同。  相似文献   

18.
This article presents a combined pollen and phytolith record of a 1.70-m sediment core from the wetlands of India Muerta (33° 42′ S, 53° 57′ W) in the lowland Pampa (grasslands) of southeastern Uruguay. Six 14C dates and the pollen and phytolith content of the samples permitted the recognition of four distinct climatic periods between 14,850 14C yr B.P. and the present. The Late Pleistocene period (between ca. 14,810 and ca. 10,000 14C yr B.P.) was characterized by drier and cooler conditions indicated by the presence of a C3-dominated grassland. These conditions prevailed until the onset of the warmer and more humid climate of the Holocene around 9450 14C yr B.P. The early Holocene (between around 10,000 and 6620 14C yr B.P.) was characterized by the establishment of wetlands in the region as evidenced by the formation of black peat, the increase in wetland taxa, and the replacement of C3 Pooideae by C4 Panicoideae grasses. During the mid-Holocene, around 6620 14C yr B.P., began a period of environmental change characterized by drier climatic conditions, which resulted in the expansion of halophytic communities in the flat, low-lying areas of the wetlands of India Muerta. About 4020 14C yr B.P. a massive spike of Amaranthaceae/Chenopodiaceae coupled with a radical drop in wetland species indicates another major and more severe period of dryness. After ca. 4000 14C yr B.P., a decrease of halophytic species indicates the onset of more humid and stable climatic conditions, which characterized the late Holocene.The findings reported in this article substantially improve our knowledge of the late Glacial and Holocene climate and vegetation in the region. The data provide a detailed record of the timing and severity of mid-Holocene environmental changes in southeastern South America. Significantly, the mid-Holocene drying trend coincided with major organizational changes in settlement, subsistence, and technology of the pre-Hispanic populations in the region, which gave rise to early Formative societies. This study also represents the first combined pollen and phytolith record for southeastern South America reinforcing the utility of phytoliths as significant indicators of long-term grassland dynamics.  相似文献   

19.
云南宣威4.6万年以来洞穴石笋古气候变化记录   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
石笋是高分辨地记录古气候环境变化的主要信息载体之一。本文通过对宣威下水龙洞 1号石笋进行α能谱铀系测年及碳、氧同位素分析,获得了距今 46.1ka至 2.75ka高分辨率的古气候演变信息。其年龄与δ18O值的记录在纵向上的变化具有明显的韵律性特征,可与深海岩芯V2 8~ 2 3 8同位素记录所揭示的第 3阶段、2阶段和 1阶段进行对比。反映 46.1ka以来宣威地区的气候波动与全球的气候变化具有明显的一致性。但是,区内是气候变化的敏感区,是东亚季风与印度洋季风交互作用的特殊区域,存在有明显的地区性气候变化特征,在整个末次冰期时段 (4 6.1~8.1ka)气候总体偏温暖,10.2 5ka为新仙女木冷事件的最冷终止点。在全新世大暖期时段的 7.1~ 3.7ka间显示气候温暖湿润,而在 3.7~ 2.75ka间伴随太阳辐射和印度洋西南季风强度的减弱,气候有明显的降温趋势。此外,石笋的碳、氧同位素显示的气候冷暖变化是,主沉积旋回以万年级、千年级和百年级为周期性变化;亚旋回以千年级和百年级为周期性变化。  相似文献   

20.
Zhou, W., Yu, S.‐Y., Burr, G. S., Kukla, G. J., Jull, A. J. T., Xian, F., Xiao, J., Colman, S. M., Yu, H., Liu, Z. & Kong, X. 2010: Postglacial changes in the Asian summer monsoon system: a pollen record from the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Boreas, Vol. 39, pp. 528–539. 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2010.00150.x. ISSN 0300‐9483. A new pollen record constrained by 32 AMS radiocarbon dates from the Hongyuan peatland in the Zoige Basin reveals the long‐term dynamics of an alpine wetland ecosystem on the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau over the last 13 500 years. Changes in pollen assemblages and influxes suggest that local vegetation has experienced three distinct stages, from alpine coniferous forest–meadow (13 500–11 500 cal. a BP), through alpine coniferous forest (11 500–3000 cal. a BP), back to alpine coniferous forest–meadow (3000 cal. a BP–present). This record reflects an ecosystem response along a transition zone where the South Asian and East Asian monsoon systems may have had different palaeoclimatic influences. A comparison of this record with other pollen records across the Tibetan Plateau shows common features with regard to large‐scale Holocene climatic changes, but highlights a pattern of regional temporal and spatial variability that depends on the topography and position relative to the South Asian and East Asian monsoon fronts.  相似文献   

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