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1.
海底沙波在全球广泛分布、成因复杂，但往往多种尺度的沙波叠加在一起形成复杂的沙波地貌体系，导致难以进行量化研究。针对该问题，本文提出一种实用的傅里叶分析方法，设计了巴特沃斯滤波器，将水深数据变换到频率域，进而将复杂沙波地貌分解成不同频率的单一类型沙波。并以台湾浅滩复杂的沙波地貌体系为例进行了分析研究，分解量化出3种空间尺度的沙波:巨型沙波(波长>100 m，波高>5 m)、中型沙波(波长5～100 m，波高0.4～5 m)和沙波纹(波长<5 m，波高<0.4 m)。本文提出的海底沙波地貌量化分析方法，有助于研究不同尺度海底沙波的成因与机理，对沙波区海洋工程的安全评估也具有实用价值。 相似文献
2.
海南岛西南海底沙波形态和活动性的空间差异分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用GeoSwath Plus和Seabat8101多波束测深系统于2007年10月和2009年9月对海南岛西南沙波区进行了高精度水深测量,利用所得数据对近岸区和远岸区两个水深相差较大区域的沙波几何形态和沙波迁移速率做了对比分析,探讨了沙波几何形态和活动性的空间差异及其控制因素。远岸研究区与近岸研究区沙波几何形态和沙波迁移速率体现在沙波规模及形态、陡坡倾角和倾向、沙波迁移速率和沙波迁移方向及偏转角度。远岸区域沙波为近于对称的直线型沙波,波高0.5～2.3 m,波长13.2～69.1 m,陡坡倾角4.3°～7.4°;近岸区域沙波为新月形沙波,波高3.1～6.5 m,波长41.5～216.6 m,沙波陡坡倾向南,陡坡倾角8.7°～12.9°。远岸研究区沙波向西北方向迁移,沙波迁移速率多为15.0～20.0 m/a,最大34.9 m/a;近岸区域沙波向南迁移,沙波迁移速率0～12.65 m/a。沙波的迁移速率主要受底流流速和沙波波高控制,在两者的综合作用下,近岸研究区沙波迁移速率小于远岸研究区沙波迁移速率。在频繁的热带气旋作用下,近岸研究区沙波迁移方向发生逆时针偏转。 相似文献
3.
南海北部陆架陆坡沙波底形 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《海洋地质前沿》2015,(7)
南海北部珠江口—台湾岛南端一线以南、东沙岛以东海区的水深变化较大,地形起伏亦较大,海底水流动力较强,沙源丰富,发育大片海底沙波底形。按成因可分成A、B、C 3个海底沙波区:A区在珠江口外的内陆架上,水深80和200~250m,在陆架底流(潮、浪、洋流)作用下,海底沙波波高数十厘米至2~3m,属于两坡强烈不对称、现代仍然运动的正常沙波;B区在陆坡上部,水深200~600m,在斜坡间局部平台上发育大片波高数米至数十米、波长相应较短的特大型砂质沙波,一些专家认为是不同密度水层间的偶发性内波能通量强烈集中并突然释放而塑造的底形;C区在陆坡下部水深3 200~3 400m的数条海底峡谷交汇处,峡谷西和南侧有粉砂泥质沉积物波,波高数十米,波长数十千米,是深水细粒浊流形成的非正常沙波。陆架底流变化、沙波迁移、陆坡上部偶发性内波塑造的巨型沙波和陆坡下部的细粒浊流沉积物波均对油气勘探海底管线和平台的稳定性构成威胁。 相似文献
4.
利用多波束水深仪、浅地层剖面仪和多普勒流速仪对长江口苏通大桥南、北主墩区域现场测量,结果显示主墩周围最大冲刷深度为8.3m和19.6m.建墩前后河床形态变化显著,建墩后桥墩所在床面由平床改变为典型不对称沙波发育,平均波长为30.8m和23.1m,平均波高为4.2m和9.4m,陡坡朝向下游.基于实测水文条件和地形资料,以沙波起动流速和落急最大流速分别取代单向流作用下“平床”假定的桥墩局部冲刷计算公式中单颗粒泥沙的起动流速和墩前流速,获得河口涨落潮双向流作用下沙波底床桥墩局部冲刷计算公式.且该公式计算的苏通大桥南、北主墩局部冲刷深度为9.5m和22.1m,非常接近实测值. 相似文献
5.
长江口沙波分布区桥墩局部冲刷深度计算公式的改进 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用多波束水深仪、浅地层剖面仪和多普勒流速仪对长江口苏通大桥南、北主墩区域现场测量,结果显示主墩周围最大冲刷深度为8.3 m和19.6 m。建墩前后河床形态变化显著,建墩后桥墩所在床面由平床改变为典型不对称沙波发育,平均波长为30.8 m和23.1 m,平均波高为4.2 m和9.4 m,陡坡朝向下游。基于实测水文条件和地形资料,以沙波起动流速和落急最大流速分别取代单向流作用下"平床"假定的桥墩局部冲刷计算公式中单颗粒泥沙的起动流速和墩前流速,获得河口涨落潮双向流作用下沙波底床桥墩局部冲刷计算公式。且该公式计算的苏通大桥南、北主墩局部冲刷深度为9.5 m和22.1 m,非常接近实测值。 相似文献
6.
海南岛西南海底沙波活动及底床冲淤变化 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
为了研究沙波迁移对底床稳定性的影响,通过对比分析2004—2006年连续3年的多波束海底地貌扫描数据,得出研究区域海底沙波的波长为5.8~91.8 m,波高0.1~4.3 m,陡峭度0.013~0.12,对称指数0.32~6.52。沙波的移动速率最大48.8 m/a,移动方向在研究区域西部为SE向,中部呈往复迁移,东部为NW向;沙波不同部位的迁移速率不同,一般的沙波尾翼迁移速率较大;同一组沙波存在反向扭转迁移的现象,反向扭转迁移的轴线位于研究区域沙脊的脊线附近,这种反向迁移不仅与底层流作用有关,还与海底地形关系密切;西部海底底床处于侵蚀状态,局部最大侵蚀量可达1.3 m,东部处于堆积状态,最大堆积量达2.8 m。 相似文献
7.
长江口南港航道沙波群研究 总被引：19，自引：2，他引：17
本文利用Innerspace449热敏式双频测深仪和GPS(全球定位系统)在长江口南港和南北槽主航道走航观测结果,确认南港(吴淞口以下)上段航道在洪季正常风况下存在尺度较大的沙波群,并对沙波的几何特征、形成条件、迁移速率以及台风后的变化做了初步分析.结果表明:(1)在统计的652个沙波中,平均和最大波长分别为21m和105m.平均和最大波高分别为0.8m和2.7m,波高和波长间具有明显的正相关关系;沙波中72%为单一沙波,复合沙波的波长和沙波指数较大;单一沙波最大、最小和平均沙波指数分别为36.5、11.2和21.8(复合沙波最大可达69.3);随着沙波度的增大,沙波指数呈增大趋势;绝大多数沙波(波高＜1m)是对称或近于对称的,但波高＞1m的沙波通常向海倾斜.(2)沙波沉积物为分选好的细沙,Φ50为2.70.(3)沙波现场水流费劳德数Fr小于0.2,与某些理论相符而与某些水槽实验结果相冲突.(4)大潮和寻常潮一个涨(落)潮过程沙波来回迁移的距离约为1～5m;小潮期间沙波的迁移距离接近0;落潮迁移距离总是大于涨潮.(5)台风后沙波有被掩埋的迹象.结果包括:①沙质床底是形成沙波的重要基础.南北槽虽具有沙波形成的动力条件,但因最大浑浊带发育而造成淤泥质床底,故沙波不发育.②潮汐河口双向流环境下沙波的对称性较好,频繁的水动力变化使沙波的消长和迁移过程更加复杂,但沙波的基本特征和形成条件与单向流河流环境相似. 相似文献
8.
海南岛西部岸外沙波的高分辨率形态特征 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
利用SIMRAD-EM3000多波束探测系统和DGPS定位系统,对海南岛东方岸外的沙波沙脊区进行了高精度探测,分析结果表明:从海岸到陆架底形具有明显的分带性,依次出现弱侵蚀底形段、沙波沙脊底形段和平坦底形段。沙波仅发育于沙波沙脊段,介于水深20~50 m之间,沙波形态有二维与三维两种,沙波波高多为0.7~2.5 m,波长20~70 m,沙波指数(L/H)为20~60,对称指数为1~3;沙波沙脊区沉积物的搬运方向有明显的规律性,在沙脊的西侧,沉积物主要向北搬运;在沙脊的东侧,沉积物主要向南搬运;沙波的形成和发育主要受潮流场控制,热带风暴对其有改造作用。 相似文献
9.
利用旁扫声呐、浅地层剖面、测深以及钻探等资料分析了海南岛乐东陆架区海底沙波的形态特征、底质及地层结构;分常态和台风作用两种环境条件。计算了沙波的移动速率.并与海南岛东方陆架区沙波特征进行了对比分析.研究表明:乐东陆架沙波以大型沙丘和小型沙波为主。其剖面都极不对称.沙丘多为新月形,波长多为50～100m,波高多为1～3m,对称系数在6～12之间;小型沙歧脊残多置直线型,波高多在0.1～0.5m之间.研究区沙波活动性较强,常态下迁移速率与东方沙波区西区相同,每年0.06～2m;在台风影响下,沙丘表面活动砂层的移动性增强,在活动砂体迁移的部位则可能出现冲蚀凹坑或沟槽;中小型沙波移动速率骤增,最大可达7～11m/h。 相似文献
10.
台湾浅滩海底沙波精细特征、分类与分布规律 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
迄今由于缺乏高精度的实测水深数据,对台湾浅滩沙波的精细结构缺乏详细的阐述。本文基于多波束实测资料研究台湾浅滩沙波形态的精细特征及其分布规律。多波束探测结果显示:研究区沙波的平均波高达到13.5m,沙波波峰处水深为20.42m,沙波平均波高约为水深的2/3,沙波的波长大多数处于500~700m之间。研究区内主要发育3种类型的沙波,即摆线型沙波、余弦型沙波和双峰型沙波。研究区西部主要发育双峰型沙波,中部则主要发育余弦型和摆线型沙波,而东部主要发育摆线型沙波,整个区域以摆线型沙波为主。海平面波动、台湾海峡复杂的水动力条件以及台湾岛丰富的山溪河流携带的大量沉积物进入海峡,对浅滩区的沙波具有强烈的改造作用。 相似文献
11.
Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
12.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
13.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
14.
Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
15.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
16.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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18.
Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献
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20.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献