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1.
岩溶生态系统的土壤特性及其今后研究方向 总被引：28，自引：13，他引：15
岩溶石漠化退化土地是目前西南岩溶地区经济发展、生态恢复与重建工作中严重的问题之一。由于岩溶生态系统的独特性和脆弱性,岩溶生态系统土壤具有不同于其它生态脆弱区土壤的特征,本文将其归纳为成土速率决定的在人类活动尺度下土壤不可再生性即脆弱性、土壤侵蚀(土层丢失)的独特性、土壤退化过程中空间分布的斑块化及其与岩性的相关性、土壤退化过程中有机碳活性成分下降和来源变化、土壤退化导致岩溶生态系统生态过程中断。因此,在退化岩溶生态系统的研究中,要加强对岩溶生态系统土壤特性及退化恢复理论的研究。 相似文献
2.
Soil organic carbon fractions and microbial community and functions under changes in vegetation: a case of vegetation succession in karst forest 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Lianqing Li Dan Wang Xiaoyu Liu Bing Zhang Yongzhuo Liu Tian Xie Youxin Du Genxing Pan 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(8):3727-3735
The vegetation community succession influences soil nutrient cycling, and this process is mediated by soil microorganisms in the forest ecosystem. A degraded succession series of karst forests were chosen in which vegetation community changed from deciduous broadleaved trees (FO) toward shrubs (SH), and shrubs–grasses (SHG) in the southwest China. Soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), labile organic carbon (LOC), water extractable organic matter (WEOM), microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen (MBC and MBN), bacterial and fungal diversity, as well as soil enzyme activities were tested. The results showed that SOC, LOC, MBC, MBN, and enzyme activities declined with vegetation succession, with the relatively stronger decrease of microbial biomass and functions, whereas WEOM was higher in SHG than in other systems. In addition, soil bacterial and fungal composition in FO was different from both SH and SHG. Despite positive relationship with SOC, LOC, and TN (p < 0.01), MBC, MBN appeared to be more significantly correlated to LOC than to SOC. It suggested that vegetation conversion resulted in significant changes in carbon fractions and bioavailability, furthermore, caused the change in soil microbial community and function in the forest ecosystem. 相似文献
3.
国土整治生态修复中的农业景观生物多样性保护策略 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着生态文明建设成为国家发展战略,国土整治修复需要更多生态科学和技术的支撑。农业景观生物多样性是重要的自然资源,为人类可持续发展提供了重要的生态系统服务,并提供了应对气候变化等风险的途径。本文分析了我国农业景观生物多样性保护及其对国土整治生态修复的重要性,国土整治生态修复中农业景观生物多样性保护面临的挑战,并总结了欧盟在农业景观生物多样性保护方面的经验和方法。最后,文章提出了将农业景观生物多样性保护整合到国土整治生态修复的四项策略,包括生态空间的“生态修复和管护-生态补偿-民生改善”策略、农业空间的“生态基础设施-生态系统服务提升-绿色发展”策略、城乡生活空间的“多功能景观-绿色宜居空间营造”策略、国土全域“生物多样性保护网络”策略,为生态文明背景下的国土整治生态修复提供参考。 相似文献
4.
Systemic analysis of soil microbiome deciphers anthropogenic influence on soil ecology and ecosystem functioning 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
S. Gupta M. Kumar J. Kumar V. Ahmad R. Pandey N. S. Chauhan 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2017,14(10):2229-2238
Soil is a complex ecosystem with defined microbial community signatures, modulated by the interaction between biotic and abiotic factors. Amidst biotic factors, land usage have significant impact onto the soil microbial structure and ecosystem functioning. In the current study, metagenomic approach was used to decipher effect of hospital settings on soil microbiome structure and physiological functions. Physico-chemical properties analysis revealed that key elements for maintenance of soil microflora, such as organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur were relatively diminished within hospital soil, compared to garden soil. Comparative microbial diversity analysis with 97,315 SSU rRNA gene sequences generated from both the soil samples highlight relatively low microbial diversity, with an enrichment for Acidobacteria and Bacteroidetes and decreased Proteobacteria/Acidobacteria ratio. Comparative shotgun metagenome sequence analysis further revealed a shift in the physiological role of soil microbiomes with change in soil usage. Genes for carbohydrate, sulfur, potassium and nitrogen metabolism were significantly (q value <0.05) higher in the garden soil; while the genes for phage, plasmid DNA, transposon and aromatic compound metabolism were significantly enriched within hospital soil. Thus, the current study highlights a correlation between soil biochemistry and microbial ecology based on land usage. 相似文献
5.
1980-2010年石羊河流域生态服务类型变化与分析 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
根据石羊河流域1980年、1990年和2010年三期遥感影像数据,基于GIS技术方法,分析了石羊河流域各县市的土地利用方式变化情况。评估了流域主要生态系统生态服务价值量,分析了30 a来流域生态系统服务价值在时间和空间上的变化。结果表明：过去30 a来,石羊河流域的土地利用变化主要以耕地、草地、未利用土地的变化为主。石羊河流域生态系统服务的总价值呈减少趋势,生态服务价值在空间分布上表现为下游呈增加趋势、中上游表现为减少趋势。流域下游生态服务价值增加的主要原因是流域生态保护与恢复措施取得了显著成效。 相似文献
6.
B VENKATESH LAKSHMAN NANDAGIRI B K PURANDARA V B REDDY 《Journal of Earth System Science》2011,120(3):387-398
The objective of this study is to apply and test a simple parametric water balance model for prediction of soil moisture regime
in the presence of vegetation. The intention was to evaluate the differences in model parameterization and performance when
applied to small watersheds under three different types of land covers (Acacia, degraded forest and natural forest). The watersheds selected for this purpose are located in the sub-humid climate within
the Western Ghats, Karnataka, India. Model calibration and validation were performed using a dataset comprising depth-averaged
soil moisture content measurements made at weekly time steps from October 2004 to December 2008. In addition to this, a sensitivity
analysis was carried out with respect to the water-holding capacity of the soils with the aim of explaining the suitability
and adaptation of exotic vegetation types under the prevailing climatic conditions. Results indicated reasonably good performance
of the model in simulating the pattern and magnitude of weekly average soil moisture content in 150 cm deep soil layer under
all three land covers. This study demonstrates that a simple, robust and parametrically parsimonious model is capable of simulating
the temporal dynamics of soil moisture content under distinctly different land covers. Also, results of sensitivity analysis
revealed that exotic plant species such as Acacia have adapted themselves effectively to the local climate. 相似文献
7.
土壤生物是土壤生态系统的重要组成部分,在生态系统物质循环和能量转化中占有重要的地位.为揭示土地利用方式对岩溶断陷盆地土壤生物的影响,在获取土壤理化性质及碳氮磷化学计量学特征的基础上,利用16S rRNA和18S rRNA高通量测序技术研究了弃耕地、草地、人工林和天然林等土壤细菌与真核生物的群落结构.C:N、C:P和N:... 相似文献
8.
In response to the lack of studies focussing on the residence time of molecular biomarkers in soils, the lipid content of three soil profiles from the French Massif Central with different land use history were examined. The free neutral lipid content of two reference soil profiles developed under grassland and forest vegetation, and of a former grassland soil converted to forest about 60 years ago, was analysed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Wax esters as well as the ratio of major homologues of n-alkanes and n-alkan-2-ones could be used to characterise the overlying vegetation in the reference forest and grassland soil profiles, but failed to distinguish the respective grassland and forest contributions to the profile of the soil that had changed use. For n-alkanes and n-alkan-2-ones, the failure might be attributed either to mixing of the molecular patterns inherited from the former and current plant cover, whereas for compounds such as wax esters simple degradation is likely to be involved. Conversely, iso- and anteiso-C15:0 fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs; of bacterial origin), steroids (tracing cattle faecal contamination), tricyclic diterpenoids and their oxygenated derivatives, as well as methoxyserratenes (inherited from Pinaceae) and triterpenyl acetates (specific to the Asteraceae), proved to be effective in distinguishing current land use for the reference soil profiles and for the converted soil. The persistence of these compounds in the changed use soil allowed us to estimate their residence time in soil. 相似文献
9.
西南喀斯特地区地表水热过程研究进展与展望 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
西南喀斯特地区水文二元结构以及生境条件的异质性导致地表水热过程异常复杂。水热过程机理研究薄弱,已经成为生态系统退化关键过程识别、生态恢复重建推进的关键限制因素。首先从野外科学实验、陆面过程参数化、遥感反演技术3个方面简要论述了地表水热过程的研究方法,指出在喀斯特地区,目前亟需开展的工作是在样地和坡面尺度上对地表水热过程进行系统的观测和实验,以深化水热过程机理研究,并发展适用于喀斯特地区的陆面过程模式和遥感反演模型。进而评述西南喀斯特地区地表水热过程已有研究进展与存在问题:水分循环研究的重视,但在特殊的地质背景与复杂的生境条件下,土壤水分时空异质性及降雨入渗产流和土壤侵蚀过程的机理仍不明晰,而且水热耦合研究非常缺失。最后从地表水热过程机理、水热过程变化影响机制、生态系统恢复重建水热调控等方面展望了其未来发展趋势。 相似文献
10.
Biodiversity provides many ecosystem functions and services in the coal mine areas and plays an important role in improving the environment and sustainable development of mining area. From the view of coal mining-damage-the whole process of reclamation, the biodiversity conservation planning and biodiversity survey, monitoring and evaluation technology were briefly introduced before coal exploiting. The main contents for biodiversity conservation and technology including the protection of topsoil seed bank, soil fauna, biological soil crusts and optimization techniques of concurrent mining and reclamation during coal mining and the operational phase were elaborated. The key factors affecting biodiversity restoration in land reclamation stage were analyzed. The research on soil improvement and revegetation was discussed. Finally, the development direction of research about conservation and restoration of biodiversity in land reclamation of coal mine were proposed. It may provide some ideas for further promoting the research in this area. 相似文献
11.
以典型断陷盆地——小江流域为研究对象,以1982年的TM影像、2003年的Landsat ETM+影像和2016年的Landsat OLI影像为数据源,结合云南省测绘局所提供的150 000的土地利用状况图,采用 Costanza 公式对生态系统服务价值进行评估,精细刻画出云南小江流域“盆—山”共存的地质分异结构下生态系统服务价值的时空变化特征。结果表明:（1）小江流域以农田生态系统为主,研究期内生态系统格局总体稳定,耕地、建设用地、林地和园地都有不同程度的增加,而未利用地面积减少,水域面积基本不变;（2）1982-2016年,研究区生态系统服务总价值呈上升趋势,1982、2003和2016年生态系统服务总价值分别为90.11×108元、105.65×108元和136.81×108元,耕地、林地、园地和水域的生态系统服务价值整体上升,而未利用地的生态系统服务价值减少;（3）整体上,小江流域南部和东部生态系统服务价值增加明显,而中部和西部地区生态系统服务价值呈阶段性变化或持续下降趋势,小江岩溶河谷区的生态系统服务价值最高,而沉积平坝区的生态系统服务价值密度最低,且为唯一一个衰退型生态系统服务功能区;（4）研究期内小江流域各项生态系统服务价值均呈上升趋势,调节服务居主导地位,且以气候调节服务价值最高。小江流域生态系统服务价值缺乏弹性,水域生态系统面积变化对研究区生态系统价值的变化具有放大作用。实施封山育林、退耕还林、小流域治理工程等石漠化综合治理工程可增加生态系统服务价值。 相似文献
12.
A Comparative Study on the Microbiological Characteristics of Soils Under Different Land—Use Conditions from Karst Areas of Southwest China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Microbiological and physical-chemical characteristics of subtropical forest,grassland and cropfield soils from the karst areas of Southwest China were investigated.The study revealed that the conversion of natural forest to other forms of land would lead to a reduction in soil organic C(26.2%-35.3%),total N(37.2%-55.8%),totalP(32.9%-43.6%),microbial biomass C(35.4%-49.1%),N(37.2%-55.8),and P(25.8%-41.9%).Comparative analysis of microbial activity in terms of basal soil respiration showed maximum activity in forest soil and minimum in cropfield soil.Analysis of microbial metabolic respiratory activity indicated a relatively greater respiratory loss of CO2-C per unit microbial biomass in cropfield and grassland than in forest soil.Considering the importance of microbial components in soil,it is concluded that land use in different ways will lead to the reduction of biological stabilty of soil. 相似文献
13.
Identifying Source Soils in Contemporary Estuarine Sediments: A New Compound-Specific Isotope Method 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
M. M. Gibbs 《Estuaries and Coasts》2008,31(2):344-359
A new method is proposed for the identification and apportionment of contemporary source soils contributing to estuarine sediments.
The method uses compound-specific isotopic analysis of naturally occurring biomarkers (fatty acids) derived from plants to
link source soils to land use within a single catchment. For identification and apportionment of source soils in the estuarine
samples, the method uses the isotopic mixing model, IsoSource. The feasible proportions obtained from IsoSource are then scaled
to allow for the percent organic carbon in the source soils. With this approach, the estimation of each source soil contribution
to a location in the estuary is independent of any degradation of the biomarkers through microbial or biogeochemical processes.
Identification relies on the evaluation of the sediment sample relative to a “library” of reference source soils from different
land use within the catchment. Selection of potential sources is geographically constrained by the requirement for a natural
linkage between each source soil and the sediment site sampled. A case study, using this method, mapped the distribution of
three main land use source soils (pasture, native forest, and pine forest) across the river delta in a small estuary fringed
with mangroves. Rather than being uniformly distributed, the results indicated that the source soil contributions varied markedly
across the delta, raising concerns about the validity of taking single cores to characterize the sediments of an estuary.
Coupling the source apportionment results with land use data indicated that the mean percent contribution of pine forest soil
in the river delta sediments was almost three times greater than the percent land use area of pine forest in the catchment.
Furthermore, isotopic signatures indicated that most of the pine forest soil came from the much smaller areas exposed to erosion
by clear cut harvesting and that the soil contribution from recently harvested areas of pine forest could be as much as 20
times greater than that land use area in this catchment. This is the first method that can identify and apportion, by land
use on a catchment scale, the sources of soil contributing to the sediment at a location of an estuary. The results are given
as a “best estimate”, within definable limits, of the proportional contribution of each potential source soil. Information
obtained using this method will allow development of management strategies to alter land use practices to reduce the sediment
load to rivers, and thus, the impact on the aquatic ecosystem downstream in estuaries. 相似文献
14.
Studying the influence of plants on soil biological variables in an arid zone is important to the understanding of soil processes and relationships between above and below ground. The objective of this study was to quantify the pattern and degree of soil heterogeneity for soil moisture and its relationship with microbial biomass carbon and soil respiration using geostatistical techniques at stand scale of an arid scrubland. The experiment was conducted in a scrubland landscape using a 2 × 2 m grid within a 16 × 14 m plot in the lower reach of Sangong River watershed in Xinjiang, northwest China. The results revealed the following: (1) Soil moisture and soil microbial biomass carbon had moderate spatial variation, but soil respiration had strong variation. Spatial variability of soil moisture in the study plot decreased when soil moisture changed from wet in April to dry in June. In addition, correlations of soil moisture with microbial biomass carbon and soil respiration were positive and significant (p < 0.005). (2) Variation of soil microbial biomass carbon and soil moisture had a strong spatial autocorrelation in the study plot, mainly induced by structural factors, and the spatial autocorrelation of microbial biomass carbon and soil respiration was mainly determined by soil moisture. (3) The location of the high-value positions of soil moisture, soil microbial biomass carbon and soil respiration were clearly around the positions of scrubs in the study plot. Such information provided some insights to explain the spatial heterogeneity of soil properties at stand scale in an arid region. 相似文献
15.
喀斯特生态系统服务研究进展与展望 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
喀斯特生态系统是全球典型的脆弱生态系统之一,它为人类提供了重要的服务功能和价值。回顾国内外喀斯特生态系统服务研究的文献可发现,当前研究多遵循“土地利用变化—生态系统服务价值响应”的研究范式,仅重视中小尺度喀斯特生态系统服务价值的空间异质性,强调土地利用变化和生态工程对生态系统服务价值的影响。而今后应加强基于“生态系统结构、过程—功能—服务”级联框架的喀斯特生态系统服务研究,构建喀斯特生态系统服务分类体系,突出大尺度喀斯特生态系统服务评估,拓展喀斯特生态系统服务之间权衡与协同及喀斯特生态系统服务对人类福祉的影响,定量分析自然和人为因素对喀斯特生态系统服务的影响。 相似文献
16.
青木关岩溶槽谷流域不同土地利用类型土壤可蚀性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于土壤实地采样和理化性质测试分析,采用EPIC模型K值计算方法,分析青木关岩溶槽谷流域的土壤理化性质、土壤可蚀性及其影响因子。结果发现:（1）青木关岩溶槽谷流域表层土壤（0~10 cm）可蚀性K值介于0.037 1~0.060 5之间,均值为0.048 5,中值为0.047 5,变异系数为10.71%,偏度和峰度值小于1;（2）表土机械组成中以粉粒含量为主,土壤质地属于粉壤土;有机质含量在13.98~52.24 g.kg-1之间,均值为29.20 g.kg-1;表土可蚀性K值与砂粒含量、有机碳含量呈极显著负相关,与粉粒含量呈极显著正相关,与黏粒含量呈负相关;（3）不同土地利用类型下的表土可蚀性K值以裸土地最大,为0.058 3,耕地次之,为0.053 4,其次为园地、荒草地和竹林,分别为0.048 3、0.047 8和0.046 9,针阔叶混交林最小,为0.0427,分别存在显著差异（P＜0.05）,变异系数介于2.7%～6.1%之间;受人类活动影响强烈的裸土地和耕地是本地区主要的泥沙策源地,恢复植被能有效提高土壤抗蚀能力;（4）不同土地利用类型土壤剖面K值均值为耕地（0.056 3）显著大于荒草地（0.051 6）与林地（0.048 1）（P＜0.05）,荒草地与林地K值间差异性不显著;K值剖面分布一致表现为0~35 cm相对较小且变化较大,土下35~60 cm随着深度的增加而增大。 相似文献
17.
18.
岩溶山区不同利用方式下土地蓄水能力研究——以重庆市中梁山为例 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
分析研究了中梁山岩溶山区竹林、灌丛、草地、园地、坡耕地5种土地利用方式的凋落物和土壤的蓄水功能。结果表明,自然利用的竹林地、灌丛地、草地的凋落物蓄积量和最大持水量都远远大于其余两种农耕利用的土地。当自然利用土地改为园地、坡耕地以后,其表层土壤的最大蓄水能力下降31. 2%、非毛管蓄水能力下降65. 5%、坡耕地的毛管蓄水能力下降34. 3%。与此同时由于土地利用方式不同,还使园地整个土壤剖面( 60cm)蓄水潜力增大4. 4% ,坡耕地蓄水潜力减少6.1% ,园地、坡耕地剖面土壤非毛管蓄水能力较自然利用方式土地剖面非毛管蓄水能力下降55. 7%。毛管蓄水量和前期含水量具有极显著的正相关,整个剖面毛管蓄水量和前期含水量都以园地最高。从保水能力上考虑,园地是岩溶山区开垦土地较为理想的利用方式。建议加强园地凋落物的保护;在雨季尽量不让坡耕地空闲裸露,以防止水土流失。 相似文献
19.
为评估陕西省生态系统服务价值在地形梯度上的分布及变化趋势,利用2000、2010年土地利用DEM数据,定量探讨了陕西省生态系统服务价值的时序变化和空间分布特征,并对陕西省整体生态经济协调度进行分析.结果表明：2000-2010年,陕西省生态系统服务价值增加了10.92亿元,其中林地和草地生态系统服务价值分别增加21.40亿元和23.16亿元,耕地生态系统服务价值减少34.16亿元;在地形梯度上,生态系统服务价值呈中间高、南北低的分布特征,且主要集中于坡度为0°~14.6°,高程为1 067~1 380 m的地形梯度单元内.单项生态系统服务价值中,废料处理和食物生产生态系统服务价值因耕地减少而损失严重,共减少6.08亿元.生态经济协调度评估结果表明：区域生态经济的发展整体趋于不协调,建议在经济发展的同时加强对生态环境的保护力度. 相似文献
20.
Novel ecosystem development is occurring within the western boreal forest of Canada due to land reclamation following oil sand surface mining. Sphagnum peat is the primary organic amendment used to reconstruct soil in these novel ecosystems. We hypothesised that ecosystem recovery would be indicated by an increasing similarity in the biomolecular characteristics of novel soil organic matter (SOM) derived from peat to those of natural boreal ecosystems. We evaluated the use of the homologous series of long chain (⩾ C21) n-alkanes with odd/even predominance to monitor the re-establishment of boreal forest on these anthropogenic soils. The lipids were extracted from dominant vegetation inputs and SOM from a series of natural and novel ecosystem reference plots. Twice the concentration of n-alkanes was extracted from natural than from novel ecosystem SOM (p < 0.01). We observed unique n-alkane signatures for the source vegetation, e.g. peat material was dominated by C31, and aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) leaves by C25. The n-alkane distribution differed between the two systems (p < 0.001) and reflected the dominant vegetation input, i.e. peat or tree species. Our results indicate that further research is required to clarify the influence of vegetation or disturbance on the signature of n-alkanes in SOM; however, the use of n-alkanes as biomarkers of novel ecosystem development is a promising application. 相似文献