共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
四种重金属离子对侧扁软柳珊瑚的毒性及其摄食行为的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本实验通过48h的急性毒性测试,来了解重金属Cu2 、Zn2 、Cd2 、Pb2 的污染环境对侧扁软柳珊瑚(Subergorgiasuberosa)的影响程度,以认知重金属对海洋生物尤其是柳珊瑚所造成的伤害.实验的结果显示,Cu2 的半致死浓度约为0.13mg/dm3,Zn2 为8.69mg/dm3,而Cd2 为10.84mg/dm3,Pb2 为8.49mg/dm3;亦即Cu2 污染对侧扁软柳珊瑚毒性影响最大.另外,在实验的观察中也发现,受到伤害的珊瑚中常会刺激黏液的分泌,在较高的浓度下则会造成其共肉组织的溃烂致使整株珊瑚部分或整体的死亡.在摄食影响的研究方面,侧扁软柳珊瑚在Cu2 浓度分别为0.02、0.05mg/dm3的污染环境下捕食丰年虫(Chirocephalus)的行为与正常珊瑚间有明显差异(p<0.01),经过Cu2 污染环境后的珊瑚虫(polyp)常常不能有效地捕食到丰年虫,甚至捕食到丰年虫却不能将其顺利吞咽而造成丰年虫从其触手中逃逸.数据显示正常珊瑚虫捕食丰年虫的成功率平均达85.42%,而受0.02mg/dm3Cu2 影响的珊瑚虫则为57.58%,受0.05mg/dm3Cu2 影响的则仅为24.24%. 相似文献
2.
5-羟色胺刺激长牡蛎排放精卵在四倍体诱导中的应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文报道了用 5 羟色胺催产出的长牡蛎精、卵 ,人工授精后诱导四倍体的实验结果 .结果表明 :在 2 6℃水温条件下 ,受精后 7min ,用 0 .5mg/dm3细胞松弛素B处理2 5min ,获得长牡蛎的胚胎四倍体 ,其诱导率为 1 6.7%,D形幼虫孵化率为 2 7.0 %;诱导效果优于采用常规解剖法 .注射 5 羟色胺刺激长牡蛎亲贝排放精、卵的有效浓度分别为 1× 1 0 -6 ～ 1× 1 0 -2 mol/dm3和 1× 1 0 -5 ～ 1× 1 0 -3mol/dm3. 相似文献
3.
以酶学分析的方法研究了Zn2+、Cd2+单独及联合作用(Zn2++ Cd2+)对青蛤肝胰腺蛋白酶、淀粉酶和纤维素酶活性的影响,实验浓度分别设置为0、10、20、40、80 mg/dm3,染毒时间为4d.实验结果表明,3种消化酶活性大小为淀粉酶＞蛋白酶＞纤维素酶.不同浓度的Zn2+对淀粉酶表现为显著的抑制作用;除40 mg/dm3浓度组的Zn2+对蛋白酶有激活作用外,其余浓度组的Zn2+对蛋白酶均有抑制作用;除10 mg/dm3浓度组Zn2+对纤维素酶有抑制作用外,其余浓度组的Zn2+对纤维素酶均有激活作用.不同浓度的Cd2+对淀粉酶、蛋白酶和纤维素酶均有不同程度的抑制作用,且表现出不同的抑制趋势;不同浓度的Zn2++Cd2+对淀粉酶和蛋白酶均表现为显著的抑制作用,且随着实验设置浓度的升高抑制作用加强,而20 mg/dm3和40 mg/dm3浓度组对纤维素酶表现出激活作用,其他两个浓度(10、80 mg/dm3)则表现为抑制作用.青蛤肝胰腺消化酶活性可作为Zn2+和Cd2+污染监测的一种生物标记物. 相似文献
4.
采用静水毒性试验方法研究氨氮对墨吉明对虾(Fenneropenaeus merguiensis)急性毒性及免疫因子的影响,旨在为墨吉明对虾健康养殖提供理论依据.实验结果表明:在海水温度26℃,盐度22,p H值8.3条件下,氨氮毒性效应与浓度和胁迫时间呈正相关.氨氮对墨吉明对虾24、48、96 h的半致死浓度分别为67.680、62.950、35.310 mg/dm3,安全浓度为3.531 mg/dm3.对应的非离子氨半致死浓度分别为6.230、5.800、3.250 mg/dm3,安全浓度为0.339 mg/dm3.在浓度为35.310 mg/dm3氨氮胁迫下,实验组墨吉明对虾血淋巴蛋白含量显著低于对照组血淋巴蛋白含量(p0.05),但实验组墨吉明对虾血淋巴中蛋白含量会随氨氮胁迫时间延长有所恢复,96 h蛋白含量升高为(3.78±0.95)mg/cm3.氨氮胁迫下实验组对虾肝胰脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性低于对照组,且差异水平达显著水平(p0.05),实验组SOD活力随氨氮胁迫时间延长逐渐降低,96 h SOD活力低至(6.74±0.53)U/cm3.相反在氨氮胁迫下实验组溶菌酶活力显著高于对照组溶菌酶活力,且随胁迫时间延长逐渐降低,96 h溶菌酶活力低至(51.53±4.41)U/cm3.表明高氨氮胁迫对墨吉明对虾免疫因子产生重要影响. 相似文献
5.
从胶州湾污染区域的沉积物样品中筛选获得1株对重金属元素反应敏感的菌株,经鉴定为灰黄青霉(Penicillium griseofulvum),对该菌株在重金属胁迫下的生物学特征及酶的活性变化进行了研究,结果表明,一定量的重金属铜、锌离子对菌株产生显著的影响,并通过形态与色素变化的方式表现出来。当培养基中 Cu2+浓度为125 mg/dm3,Zn2+浓度为800 mg/dm3时,孢子萌发会完全受到抑制,同时菌丝也发生严重变异。菌株色素随着 Cu2+浓度的增加呈现从灰绿色到浅黄色的颜色变化,随着Zn2+浓度的增加呈现从灰绿色到白色的颜色变化。在菌株生长的离子浓度范围内,一定量的 Cu2+浓度能提高 CAT,GOD 酶的活性作用,在Cu2+浓度为25 mg/dm3时活性作用最强;在25～75 mg/dm3时,随着 Cu2+浓度的增加,活性作用逐渐减弱,浓度增加至100 mg/dm3时菌丝不能生长。Cu2+对菌体金属硫蛋白的影响不规则。在 Zn2+浓度为100～400 mg/dm3的培养基中,CAT,GOD酶和金属硫蛋白的活性作用随着Zn2+浓度的增加逐渐增强,在Zn2+浓度为400 mg/dm3时酶和金属硫蛋白活性达到最强。Zn2+浓度增加至600 mg/dm3 时,菌株不能生长。 相似文献
6.
《海洋学报》2010,(5)
从胶州湾污染区域的沉积物样品中筛选获得1株对重金属元素反应敏感的菌株,经鉴定为灰黄青霉(Penicillium griseofulvum),对该菌株在重金属胁迫下的生物学特征及酶的活性变化进行了研究,结果表明,一定量的重金属铜、锌离子对菌株产生显著的影响,并通过形态与色素变化的方式表现出来。当培养基中Cu2+浓度为125 mg/dm3,Zn2+浓度为800 mg/dm3时,孢子萌发会完全受到抑制,同时菌丝也发生严重变异。菌株色素随着Cu2+浓度的增加呈现从灰绿色到浅黄色的颜色变化,随着Zn2+浓度的增加呈现从灰绿色到白色的颜色变化。在菌株生长的离子浓度范围内,一定量的Cu2+浓度能提高CAT,GOD酶的活性作用,在Cu2+浓度为25 mg/dm3时活性作用最强;在25～75 mg/dm3时,随着Cu2+浓度的增加,活性作用逐渐减弱,浓度增加至100 mg/dm3时菌丝不能生长。Cu2+对菌体金属硫蛋白的影响不规则。在Zn2+浓度为100～400 mg/dm3的培养基中,CAT,GOD酶和金属硫蛋白的活性作用随着Zn2+浓度的增加逐渐增强,在Zn2+浓度为400 mg/dm3时酶和金属硫蛋白活性达到最强。Zn2+浓度增加至600 mg/dm3时,菌株不能生长。 相似文献
7.
以酶学分析的方法研究4种金属离子(Cd2 、Cu2 、Pb2 、Zn2 )对可口革囊星虫纤维素酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活力的影响.4种重金属离子分别按《国家渔业水质标准》(GB11607-89)(Cd2 ≤0.005mg/dm3、Cu2 ≤0.01mg/dm3、Pb2 ≤0.05mg/dm3、Zn2 ≤0.10mg/dm3)的0、10、20、50和100倍设置实验梯度.实验表明,可口革囊星虫3种消化酶活力大小为纤维素酶＞淀粉酶＞脂肪酶;在实验设置的浓度范围内,Cd2 、Cu2 、Pb2 和Zn2 4种金属离子对可口革囊星虫的纤维素酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活力均产生显著影响.除脂肪酶外的其余2种酶各处理组的比活力均显著(P＜0.05)低于对照组.不同浓度金属离子对可口革囊星虫脂肪酶、淀粉酶和纤维素酶活力的影响表现出不同的变化趋势. 相似文献
8.
海洋生物样品中硒的氢化物发生-原子荧光分析(HG-AFS) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
张朝辉 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2001,31(3):375-381
采用硼氢化钠还原法将试样中硒还原为挥发性硒化氢 ,氩为载气将硒化氢吹出并导入火焰原子化器进行原子荧光测定。以正交设计法对该还原反应、氢化物转移、原子化及原子荧光测定条件等进行了详细研究。实验结果表明 ,在佳化条件下 ,该法检出限为 0 .0 72μ g/ dm3,相对标准偏差为 2 .0 %。标准曲线表明 ,在 0 .0 0 0～ 1.0 0 0μ g/ dm3Se浓度范围内 ,有理想的线性关系。本法测定海洋生物样品硒的回收率为 95.8%～ 10 2 .4 %。 相似文献
9.
利用螺旋藻富集碘的实验 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文研究了碘化钾 (KI)对极大螺旋藻 (Spirulinamaxima)生长的影响以及碘在细胞中的富集作用 .结果表明 :在 0～ 40 0mg/dm3范围内 ,KI对螺旋藻的生长没有明显的抑制作用 ,在较低的含量内甚至有一定的促进作用 .极大螺旋藻的最高KI耐受范围在 40 0 0～ 50 0 0mg/dm3之间 .螺旋藻细胞中的碘含量与培养液中外加的KI含量有一定的关系 ,在KI添加含量为 90 0mg/dm3时 ,螺旋藻的收获量 (2 77.1 7mg/dm3)比对照组 (1 0 4.47mg/dm3)增加 1 65%,藻细胞碘含量[0 .3 3 1× 1 0 -2 (m/m) ]比对照组 [0 .0 2 5× 1 0 -2 (m/m) ]增加约 1 2倍 . 相似文献
10.
闽江河口咸淡水混合过程中营养盐含量的变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究闽江水体营养盐等物质的输运作用,于2009年11月(秋季),分3个航段(北支、南支及闽江河口区)同步对闽江下游及其河口区表、底层水的盐度、营养盐、悬浮物含量等进行观测,并在北支流、南支流交汇处的19站(罗星塔附近)进行了一个潮周期的连续观测.调查期间闽江表层水体中无机氮含量变化范围在0.640～3.873 mg/dm3之间,平均值为1.789 mg/dm3;活性磷酸盐含量变化范围在0.011～0.059 mg/dm3之间,平均值为0.027 mg/dm3;可溶性硅酸盐含量变化范围在0.82～7.10 mg/dm3之间,平均值为3.77 mg/dm3;总氮含量变化范围在0.67～3.91 mg/dm3之间,平均值为2.39 mg/dm3;总磷含量变化范围在0.027～0.289 mg/dm3之间,平均值为0.087mg/dm3.水体各营养盐含量的平面分布呈闽江北支流的含量均高于南支流,其高值区受陆源输入的影响集中出现在21～23号站区间.受城市污水影响的北支流水体与南支流水体交汇后,近海河段水体营养盐含量迅速降低.在一个潮周期内,涨潮时,随着外海水占比的提高,营养盐含量呈现随着盐度升高而逐步降低的趋势;在退潮时,陆源冲淡水的作用逐渐加强,营养盐在河口表现为随着盐度降低而逐步增高的趋势.闽江河口水体活性磷酸盐含量与盐度没有显著的相关性,为非保守要素;而无机氮、可溶性硅酸盐和总氮整体表现为保守要素.同时,发现在闽江河口盐楔端浊度最大值的"滤器"滞留区,总氮含量受其富集的影响在底层产生一个高值区. 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
13.
G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
14.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
15.
The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
16.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
17.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
18.
19.
20.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(11):161-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献