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影响地震活动性因素的非均匀细胞自动机模拟研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于细胞自动机模型,构建了由81×81个细胞单元组成非均匀二维单断层介质样本,研究了断层结构细观非均匀性以及相关模型参数变化对模拟输出结果和强度分布特征的影响。研究结果表明:结构非均匀性是影响地震活动性的控制性参量,随着非均匀程度的增强,地震事件数量增多,震级分布变得越来越均匀,破裂演化模式由相对"脆性"向"塑性"变化;介质结构的初始条件和应力加载的随机性对地震活动演化过程基本不产生影响,此外,应力降分配系数减小使b值主体线性段向大震级延伸;随着局部摩擦损耗系数增大,模拟地震事件的数量有所增加,大震级事件数量和震级衰减增强b,值主体线性区间变窄,使断层的变形破坏方式由相对"脆性"向"塑性"变化。这些对理解孕震过程的复杂性是有帮助的。 相似文献
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基于细胞自动机模型,构建了由81×81个细胞单元组成非均匀二维单断层介质样本,研究了断层结构细观非均匀性以及相关模型参数变化对模拟输出结果和强度分布特征的影响。研究结果表明：结构非均匀性是影响地震活动性的控制性参量,随着非均匀程度的增强,地震事件数量增多,震级分布变得越来越均匀,破裂演化模式由相对“脆性”向“塑性”变化;介质结构的初始条件和应力加载的随机性对地震活动演化过程基本不产生影响。此外,应力降分配系数减小使b值主体线性段向大震级延伸;随着局部摩擦损耗系数增大,模拟地震事件的数量有所增加,大震级事件数量和震级衰减增强,b值主体线性区间变窄,使断层的变形破坏方式由相对“脆性”向“塑性”变化。这些对我们理解孕震过程的复杂性是有帮助的。 相似文献
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地震前兆群体空间非均匀性指标Cv值研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文描述了排除地台站空间分布不均匀、台站观测项目数量不同等非地震成因因素影响后的前兆群体空间非均匀性研究思路及其指标Ｃｖ值,确定了Ｃｖ值反映的前兆群体空间分布图象的类型及其判定方法。利用Ｃｖ值对华北地区１９９５年以来的水氡短临前兆异常群体空间非均匀性及其与地震的关系进行了分析,结果表明,华北地区１９９５年１月１日至１９９８年２月１日发生的５次５级以上中强地震前,前兆群体空间分布出现５次非均匀性增强 相似文献
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Q值结构对了解地壳的非弹性性质、地壳内部构造、热活动状态、地壳介质非均匀性以及断层分布有着非常重要的意义。编写了基于吸收特征时间t*的二维横向非均匀Q值层析成像人机交互软件,可以方便快捷地计算深地震测深资料的振幅谱并通过拟合振幅谱得到反映地震波衰减的t*。利用t*通过二维Q值层析成像方法得到Q值结构。实际观测资料处理结果表明,文中给出的方法和软件是有效且可行的。 相似文献
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运用岩石破裂过程分析RFPA^2D系统．研究了岩石介质宏观非均匀性（含裂纹）对宏观力学行为和微震序列类型的影响。通过对5种不同岩石介质结构的宏观非均匀性样本进行破裂过程的数值模拟,发现非均匀程度不同会产生不同地震序列类型,主要有：前震-主震-余震型、主震型和震群型。此外,对5种不同均质度系数的岩石样本破裂过程的模拟。结果表明,岩石介质结构的宏观非均匀性不仅对岩样宏观强度和宏观变形非线性行为有显著的影响,而且也显著地影响试样破裂模式。随着非均匀程度的降低,主破裂呈现脆断模式,而随着非均匀程度的增加而呈现韧性破坏特征。 相似文献
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短临地震前兆空间非均匀性的定量研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用《中国震例》中总结出的短临前兆资料 ,计算了华北地区 1 969～ 1 983年间发生的 1 3次 5级以上地震前各类短临前兆空间群体分布的 CV 值。结果表明 ,震前短临前兆数≥ 6次的 8个震例中 ,有 6个震前短临前兆空间分布的 CV 值明显高于二维连续空间随机均匀分布的 CV值 ,说明短临地震前兆空间分布具有明显的非均匀性。 相似文献
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基于远震扰动场方法,利用47个数字地震观测台记录的10次远震记录对青藏高原东南缘及邻区地壳介质散射强度进行了研究.结果表明研究区内地壳介质横向非均匀性强烈,扬子块体地壳介质散射强度与青藏块体存在较为明显的差异;地壳介质散射强度梯度带与主要断裂带分布趋势一致,龙门山断裂带、安宁河断裂带与地壳介质散射强度梯度带具有较强的相关性,散射强度高值区偏向青藏块体一侧;强震震中沿散射强度梯度带分布,其震中偏向散射强度高值区一侧;散射强度呈现纵向非均匀性特征,下地壳介质散射强度高于上地壳.研究区强、弱散射强度的空间分布可能与区内强烈的地质构造运动、频繁的地震及火山活动所引起深部物质破碎、熔融及其沿断裂带的上涌与运移有关. 相似文献
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《地震地质》2017,(5)
用S波包络展宽法对青藏高原东南缘及邻区地壳介质非均匀性谱结构进行了研究,并以8~16Hz非均匀性谱结构为例分析了地壳介质非均匀性空间特征及其与强震孕育之间的关系。结果表明,研究区内地壳介质呈现强烈的、复杂的横向非均匀性。上地壳上部区域,沿龙门山断裂带、安宁河断裂带北段介质非均匀性程度相对较强,非均匀体尺度相对较小;鲜水河断裂带炉霍—道孚段、安宁河断裂带南段介质非均匀性程度相对较弱,非均匀体尺度相对较大。上地壳下部区域,沿龙门山断裂带、安宁河断裂带北段、鲜水河断裂带炉霍—道孚段、莲峰断裂沿线地壳介质非均匀性程度相对较强,沿鲜水河断裂带道孚—康定地区介质非均匀性相对较弱。中地壳,汶川—都江堰段、宝兴—康定段以及康定—石棉段介质非均匀性程度相对较强,而炉霍—康定西北地区,莲峰断裂沿线介质非均匀性程度相对较弱。对比发现中强震孕育、发生与介质非均匀性具有较强的相关性,中强震震中分布在介质非均匀性强弱过渡带上。强烈的、复杂的介质非均匀性可能与区内复杂的地质构造运动、频繁的地震活动所引起深部物质破碎、熔融及其沿断裂带的上涌、运移有关。 相似文献
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采用关联维方法对台湾地区地震活动的空间特征进行了研究。先利用 10 0a来台湾的地震目录计算各个地震区、带的关联维数 ,将地震空间分布的分形特征定量表达出来 ,然后综合分析地震空间分布的关联维数和孕震构造环境之间的关系 ,得出了以下结论 :1)台湾东、西部地震区由于地震属于不同的大地构造单元 ,因此关联维数有较大的差异 ;2 )在各地震区内部的各个地震带由于板块构造、地壳结构、活断层分布上的差异 ,而具有与其构造特征相对应的关联维数 ;3)各地震带内部的各个不同的部位又由于不同的构造应力场 ,而导致地震分布上出现不同的丛集性 ,表现为不同的关联维数。这些结论充分说明通过关联维分析所得到的地震活动的空间图像与地震活动所代表的不同地质构造背景有着良好的对应关系 相似文献
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Gert Zöller Matthias Holschneider Yehuda Ben-Zion 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2005,162(6-7):1027-1049
We investigate the influence of spatial heterogeneities on various aspects of brittle failure and seismicity in a model of a large strike-slip fault. The model dynamics is governed by realistic boundary conditions consisting of constant velocity motion of regions around the fault, static/kinetic friction laws, creep with depth-dependent coefficients, and 3-D elastic stress transfer. The dynamic rupture is approximated on a continuous time scale using a finite stress propagation velocity (quasidynamic model). The model produces a brittle-ductile transition at a depth of about 12.5 km, realistic hypocenter distributions, and other features of seismicity compatible with observations. Previous work suggested that the range of size scales in the distribution of strength-stress heterogeneities acts as a tuning parameter of the dynamics. Here we test this hypothesis by performing a systematic parameter-space study with different forms of heterogeneities. In particular, we analyze spatial heterogeneities that can be tuned by a single parameter in two distributions: (1) high stress drop barriers in near-vertical directions and (2) spatial heterogeneities with fractal properties and variable fractal dimension. The results indicate that the first form of heterogeneities provides an effective means of tuning the behavior while the second does not. In relatively homogeneous cases, the fault self-organizes to large-scale patches and big events are associated with inward failure of individual patches and sequential failures of different patches. The frequency-size event statistics in such cases are compatible with the characteristic earthquake distribution and large events are quasi-periodic in time. In strongly heterogeneous or near-critical cases, the rupture histories are highly discontinuous and consist of complex migration patterns of slip on the fault. In such cases, the frequency-size and temporal statistics follow approximately power-law relations.on leave from CNRS Rennes, France 相似文献
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活动断裂带中地震时空分布的信息维 D1避免了容量维 D0的缺陷,考虑了每一地震事件对信息所作的贡献,从新的角度反映了地震分布时空结构特征.计算表明,炉霍大震前鲜水河断裂带地震分布时间结构信息维 D1=0.1051,这是该区大震活动的一个参考性判据.安宁河断裂带十七年现今地震分布时间结构信息维:北段,D1（tN）=0.1363;南段,D1（tS）=0.06710.地震空间分布信息维:北段,D1（KN）=1.053;南段,D1（Ks）=0.7758.南北两段分属信息维维数不同的两个自相似系统.南段地震活动自组织程度较高.这有助于强震重点监测区内主要危险段的判定地震时空分布 D1特征探索对于活断层研究以及地震预报都有一定的意义. 相似文献
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本文根据Okubo等人测量圣安德烈斯断层系所用的复盖维数法,对海原断层系进行了分形测量,求出海原断层系的整体维数D_0=1.137,其景泰段D_0=1.109,海原段D_0=1.182。计算中未得到邵家水段和李使堡段的分维数。此外,文中还着重探讨了断层几何与地震活动性及其力学环境的关系,进一步证明了自相似断层的几何复杂性与地震活动密切相关,剪切断裂带具较低分维数(1.1—1.3),而在张性环境中形成的断裂体系具较高的分维数(1.5—1.6)。最后本文讨论了断层迹线图等因素对分形测量精度的影响。 相似文献
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Monte Carlo Studies of Relations between Fractal Dimensions in Monofractal Data Sets 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
—Within the fractal approach to studying the distribution of seismic event locations, different fractal dimension definitions and estimation algorithms are in use. Although one expects that for the same data set, values of different dimensions will be different, it is usually anticipated that the direction of fractal dimension changes among different data sets will be the same for every fractal dimension.¶Mutual relations between the three most popular fractal dimensions, namely the capacity, cluster and correlation dimensions, have been investigated in the present work. The studies were performed on the Monte Carlo generated data sets. The analysis has shown that dependence of the fractal dimensions on epicenter distribution, and relations among the fractal dimensions, are complex and variable. Neither values nor even inequalities among dimension estimates are preserved when different fractal dimensions are used. The correlation and the capacity dimensions seem to be good tools to trace collinear tendencies of eipicenters while the cluster dimension is more appropriate to studying uniform clustering of points. 相似文献
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Pankaj M. Bhattacharya J. R. Kayal Saurabh Baruah S. S. Arefiev 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2010,167(8-9):999-1012
We have imaged earthquake source zones beneath the northeast India region by seismic tomography, fractal dimension and b value mapping. 3D P-wave velocity (Vp) structure is imaged by the Local Earthquake Tomography (LET) method. High precision P-wave (3,494) and S-wave (3,064) travel times of 980 selected earthquakes, m d ≥ 2.5, are used. The events were recorded by 77 temporary/permanent seismic stations in the region during 1993–1999. By the LET method simultaneous inversion is made for precise location of the events as well as for 3D seismic imaging of the velocity structure. Fractal dimension and seismic b value has been estimated using the 980 LET relocated epicenters. A prominent northwest–southeast low Vp structure is imaged between the Shillong Plateau and Mikir hills; that reflects the Kopili fault. At the fault end, a high-Vp structure is imaged at a depth of 40 km; this is inferred to be the source zone for high seismic activity along this fault. A similar high Vp seismic source zone is imaged beneath the Shillong Plateau at 30 km depth. Both of the source zones have high fractal dimension, from 1.80 to 1.90, indicating that most of the earthquake associated fractures are approaching a 2D space. The spatial fractal dimension variation map has revealed the seismogenic structures and the crustal heterogeneities in the region. The seismic b value in northeast India is found to vary from 0.6 to 1.0. Higher b value contours are obtained along the Kopili fault (~1.0), and in the Shillong Plateau (~0.9) The correlation coefficient between the fractal dimension and b value is found to be 0.79, indicating that the correlation is positive and significant. To the south of Shillong Plateau, a low Vp structure is interpreted as thick (~20 km) sediments in the Bengal basin, with almost no seismic activity in the basin. 相似文献
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本文以标度变换法、相关函数法、最小二乘法分别计算时间分维D_t、空间分维D_s、强度分维D_m(b值),系统清理了云南地区1976年以来6级以上强震前时空强分维的变化特征,表明强震前的降维现象是普遍存在的,但各次强震前的异常三要素又表现出复杂的多样性。结果还表明,强震前小震活动在时间分布上的明显不均匀性主要表现在强震孕育地区,而在空间分布上的明显不均匀性却主要表现在强震孕育的外围地区。 相似文献
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Characterization of Fault Zones 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
— There are currently three major competing views on the essential geometrical, mechanical, and mathematical nature of faults. The standard view is that faults are (possibly segmented and heterogeneous) Euclidean zones in a continuum solid. The continuum-Euclidean view is supported by seismic, gravity, and electromagnetic imaging studies; by successful modeling of observed seismic radiation, geodetic data, and changes in seismicity patterns; by detailed field studies of earthquake rupture zones and exhumed faults; and by recent high resolution hypocenter distributions along several faults. The second view focuses on granular aspects of fault structures and deformation fields. The granular view is supported by observations of rock particles in fault zone gouge; by studies of block rotations and the mosaic structure of the lithosphere (which includes the overall geometry of plate tectonics); by concentration of deformation signals along block boundaries; by correlation of seismicity patterns on scales several times larger than those compatible with a continuum framework; and by strongly heterogeneous wave propagation effects on the earth's surface. The third view is that faults are fractal objects with rough surfaces and branching geometry. The fractal view is supported by some statistical analysis of regional hypocenter locations; by long-range correlation of various measurements in geophysical boreholes; by the fact that observed power-law statistics of earthquakes are compatible with an underlying scale-invariant geometrical structure; by geometrical analysis of fault traces at the earth's surface; and by measurements of joint and fault surfaces topography.¶There are several overlaps between expected phenomenology in continuum-Euclidean, granular, and fractal frameworks of crustal deformation. As examples, highly heterogeneous seismic wavefields can be generated by granular media, by fractal structures, and by ground motion amplification around and scattering from an ensemble of Euclidean fault zones. A hierarchical granular structure may have fractal geometry. Power-law statistics of earthquakes can be generated by slip on one or more heterogeneous planar faults, by a fractal collection of faults, and by deformation of granular material. Each of the three frameworks can produce complex spatio-temporal patterns of earthquakes and faults. At present the existing data cannot distinguish unequivocally between the three different views on the nature of fault zones or determine their scale of relevance. However, in each observational category, the highest resolution results associated with mature large-displacement faults are compatible with the standard continuum-Euclidean framework. This can be explained by a positive feedback mechanism associated with strain weakening rheology and localization, which attracts the long-term evolution of faults toward progressive regularization and Euclidean geometry. A negative feedback mechanism associated with strain hardening during initial deformation phases and around persisting geometrical irregularities and conjugate sets of faults generates new fractures and granularity at different scales. We conclude that long-term deformation in the crust, including many aspects of the observed spatio-temporal complexity of earthquakes and faults, may be explained to first order within the continuum-Euclidean framework. 相似文献
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The fractal properties of topography as controlled by the interactions of tectonic,lithological, and geomorphological processes 
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下载免费PDF全文 Landscape topography widely exhibits fractal structure. Because of the complexity of relief geometry this structure is not homogeneous in space, and the study of its spatial characteristics represents a powerful method for investigating the interrelationships between landforms and underlying processes. We explore these interrelationships using the digital elevation model (DEM) of an area located in central Italy, where landscape topography is strongly linked to its geological evolution, being characterized by alternating intermountain basins and mountain ranges trending NW–SE. A modified version of the method based on the standard deviation of relief elevations is used to evaluate the fractal parameters of relief after tiling the DEM in spatial units characterized by homogeneous fractal geometry, and statistical methods in conjunction with spatial analysis techniques are applied to the resulting terrain datasets. Both the lowest and (to a lesser extent) the highest values of fractal dimension are found to follow the ridge‐and‐valley trend. Low fractal dimension is observed in the mountain ranges characterized by massive strata of limestone, and along the fault scarps defining the contact between the intermountain basins and the surrounding slopes, where sediment deposition prevails. High fractal dimension is observed in regions characterized by highly erodible terrigenous lithology, and in areas where tectonic activity favors erosional processes mainly by rivers. The analysis of the (fractal) power law parameters also suggests that each major lithological complex has its own characteristic fractal signature. These results provide new insights into the link between the fractal properties of topography and the tectonic, lithological, and geomorphological features of the area, and show that the analysis approach proposed is useful to depict key aspects about the geomorphological and geological setting of an area, using only a DEM. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献