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1.
An Improved Splitting Method 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
In this paper, an improved splitting method, based on the completely square-conservative explicit difference schemes, is established. Not only can the time-direction precision of this method be higher than that of the traditional splitting methods but also can the physical feature of mutual dependence of the fast and the slow stages that are calculated separately and splittingly be kept as well. Moreover, the method owns an universality, it can be generalized to other square-conservative difference schemes, such as the implicit and complete ones and the explicit and instantaneous ones. Good time benefits can be acquired when it is applied in the numerical simulations of the monthly mean currents of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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对“碧利斯”雷达回波分析表明：雷达回波受着三个阶段不同天气尺度的影响。第一阶段是台风低压强偏北气流的作用，强中尺度雨团出现在强风的左侧；第二阶段是台风辐合线与西南急流的共同作用，强中尺度雨团出现在西南急流左侧辐合线辐合最强的地方；第三阶段是台风低压过境时北侧强旋转风的作用，强中尺度雨团出现在东南急流与东北急流间气旋性曲率最大的地方。三个阶段的回波性质不尽相同，降水性质也差别很大。对这三个阶段主要的雷达资料进行分析研究，总结出一些规律性结论，有益于今后在雷达回波监测网中熟练掌握不同天气尺度的雷达回波中中尺度雨团的发生发展，使其在短时临近预报、联防预警信息及预警信号的发布中起到重要作用。 相似文献
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"碧利斯"的中尺度雨团和雷达回波分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
对“碧利斯”雷达回波分析表明:雷达回波受着三个阶段不同天气尺度的影响。第一阶段是台风低压强偏北气流的作用,强中尺度雨团出现在强风的左侧;第二阶段是台风辐合线与西南急流的共同作用,强中尺度雨团出现在西南急流左侧辐合线辐合最强的地方;第三阶段是台风低压过境时北侧强旋转风的作用,强中尺度雨团出现在东南急流与东北急流间气旋性曲率最大的地方。三个阶段的回波性质不尽相同,降水性质也差别很大。对这三个阶段主要的雷达资料进行分析研究,总结出一些规律性结论,有益于今后在雷达回波监测网中熟练掌握不同天气尺度的雷达回波中中尺度雨团的发生发展,使其在短时临近预报、联防预警信息及预警信号的发布中起到重要作用。 相似文献
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采用MODIS数据重构夏玉米归一化植被指数生长曲线,提取并建立特征点位对应日期与作物进入不同物候期的实际日期之间的最佳匹配关系。研究表明:使用改进的SG（Savitzky-Golay）迭代滤波对最大值合成后的植被指数时间序列做平滑处理并进行Logistic曲线拟合,可得到时间分辨率为1 d的作物生长过程曲线,经与2013-2014年物候期实测数据匹配,选择利用动态阈值1提取七叶期,均方根误差为5.4 d;利用曲率最小值提取拔节期,均方根误差为6.4 d;利用动态阈值2提取抽雄期,均方根误差为6.0 d。经2015年物候期实测数据验证,3个关键物候期的遥感监测误差均在6 d以内。利用该方法可提高基于遥感数据开展大面积作物物候期监测识别的效率和准确率。 相似文献
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Parallel back-building convective lines are often observed extending to the southwest of some mesoscale convective systems(MCSs)embedded in the mei-yu front in China.The convective lines with echo training behavior can quickly develop into a stronger convective group of echoes,resulting in locally heavy rainfall within the mei-yu front rainband.The initiation mechanism of the back-building convective lines is still unclear and is studied based on high-resolution numerical simulation of a case that occurred during 27?28 June 2013.In the present case,the new convection along the convective lines was found to be forced by nonuniform interaction between the cold outflow associated with the mei-yu front MCSs and the warm southerly airflow on the south side of the mei-yu front,which both are modified by local terrain.The mei-yu front MCSs evolved from the western to the eastern side of a basin surrounded by several mesoscale mountains and induced cold outflow centered over the eastern part of the basin.The strong southwest airflow ahead of the mei-yu front passed the Nanling Mountains and impacted the cold outflow within the basin.The nonuniform interaction led to the first stage of parallel convective line formation,in which the low mountains along the boundary of the two airflows enhanced the heterogeneity of their interaction.Subsequently,the convective group quickly developed from the first stage convective lines resulted in apparent precipitation cooling that enhanced the cold outflow and made the cold outflow a sharp southward windshift.The enhanced cold outflow pushed the warm southerly airflow southward and impacted the mountains on the southeast side of the basin,where the roughly parallel mountain valleys or gaps play a controlling role in a second stage formation of parallel convective lines. 相似文献
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基于1981—2010年东北地区55个农业气象观测站发育期数据、16个气象站逐日气象资料,采用趋势变率、秩相关分析、主成分分析和结构方程模型等方法,分析了近30年东北春玉米关键发育期的变化特征,探讨了春玉米发育期对不同时间尺度气象因子的响应规律。结果表明:1981—2010年春玉米关键发育期 (播种期、抽雄期、成熟期) 均有延后趋势,大部分地区春玉米生长前期 (播种期—抽雄期) 日数减少,生长后期 (抽雄期—成熟期) 日数增加,全生育期日数增加。在绝大多数年份,春玉米播种期在温度适播期之后,成熟期在初霜日之前。近30年对东北春玉米生育期日数影响最大的气象要素为温度,主成分分析结果显示,年际尺度的升温、温度生长期的延长和作物生长期的高温对生育期日数影响显著;结构方程模型指出,作物生长期的最高温度和最低温度对生育期日数影响有间接效应,主导气象要素能够解释生育期日数变异的44%。全球变暖背景下,东北春玉米发育期变化是作物响应气候变化和农业生产适应气候变化的共同结果。 相似文献
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该文考虑生命活动与物质交换和能量流动的关系,从热力学出发,引入一维能量模型。在一维能量模型的基础上,将水稻对外界能量的摄取能力与水稻生长季中的气温变化规律联系起来,建立在气温变化条件下水稻的生长模型。结合气温增长率、水稻最适气温和不同阶段的生物量,以徐士良单形调优算法为基础,利用Forcal二维方程参数拟合,得到关于水稻自然增长率、气温波幅和初始值等参数的最优拟合。将最优拟合数据代入水稻的生长模型,拟合得到水稻的生长曲线和水稻生长随气温的变化趋势。以水稻的生长模型为基础,定性分析水稻的临界气温和最大生长率出现时间。通过分析发现,水稻生长季的临界气温与气温增长率无关;水稻的最大生长率出现时间为水稻分蘖后期、孕穗期。为考虑异常气温对水稻生长的影响,利用Matlab对水稻分蘖期低温和生殖生长期高温的水稻生长进行模拟,结果表明:水稻后期高温对产量影响比前期受低温影响严重。 相似文献
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基于2001-2009年大豆田间试验观测数据,利用相关和通径分析揭示了大豆不同发育期的气象因子和生物因子对大豆产量的影响。结果表明：不同发育期的气象要素对大豆产量影响效果不同,其中开花-结荚期的平均气温与大豆产量相关性最大,为0.90,其次为播种-出苗期的降水,相关系数为0.71,结荚-鼓粒期的相对湿度和日照时数,分枝期的生物量和开花期的叶面积对大豆产量具有一定影响（r>0.5）。通径分析显示具有显著直接作用的因子是开花期的叶面积,不同发育期的气温与降水主要通过对生物量和叶面积的间接作用来影响大豆产量,结荚-鼓粒期的相对湿度和日照时数对产量具有较大的直接作用。耦合气象因子与生物因子建立大豆产量回归模拟方程,能够较好解释大豆产量（R2=0.99）。 相似文献
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棉花发育期是反映棉花个体与群体生育状况的重要标志, 正确预报棉花发育期对于开展棉花气象灾害预警防御和生产管理措施建议至关重要。为此, 针对全国农业气象业务服务中尚未开展棉花发育期预报的状况, 通过对全国农业气象观测网50个站棉花发育期的变异性和影响棉花生长发育速率因子的分析, 根据实际业务资料现状和业务运行特点, 结合天气预报, 提出了以棉花发育阶段有效积温和间隔日数为指标建立棉花发育期业务预报模式的思路, 实现了可实时动态预报棉花发育期的业务运行方法。模式历史拟合、外推和试预报与实际对比的结果表明:全国50个站棉花第五真叶和开花发育期误差在5 d以内出现的频次达80%以上, 出苗、第三真叶、现蕾等发育期在70%以上, 平均绝对误差小于4 d; 裂铃期误差在6 d以内出现的频次接近70%, 平均绝对误差小于6 d, 效果较好。对棉花停止生长发育期综合考虑积温和初霜日期两个因素, 其历史拟合、外推和试预报误差在10 d以内出现的频次接近70%, 平均绝对误差接近10 d, 基本可以满足全国农业气象业务以旬为服务时效的要求。 相似文献
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目前陕西省气象宽带通信网省、市、县3级连接中,区县局出口是以单台路由器连接双运营商线路接入市局,这一架构造成明显的路由器单点故障风险,同时也不能有效解决台站各业务之间带宽竞争的问题。据此改造市-县级网络拓扑,在区县局出口部署双路由器,分别对接电信、广电运营商线路。启用VRRP(虚拟路由冗余协议),并配置VRRP的负载分担模式,对台站业务根据带宽消耗和时效性高低进行分流传输,在链路冗余的基础上实现了双机热备和负载均衡。同时配置BFD(双向转发检测协议)和VRRP联动,通过BFD监控VRRP路由器的上行链路状态,实现主备路由器的快速切换。经过在西安市多个区县局的广域网建设实践和一年多的业务运行,收到了预期的效果,方案可为同级气象部门提供参考。 相似文献
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一次超级单体分裂过程的雷达回波特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2007年7月9日16—20时（北京时）在河北南部非常罕见地观测到了多个超级单体风暴在相近地点连续生成及分裂的过程。利用石家庄新乐SA型多普勒天气雷达资料、地面自动站及常规天气资料,对超级单体分裂过程及环境条件做了分析。表明这次的多个超级单体风暴是在强的对流有效位能和垂直风切变的环境条件下发生的。由于垂直风切变矢量方向随高度逆时针旋转,因此,分裂后左移的反气旋风暴得到加强,发展成为具有深厚中反气旋的左移超级单体风暴,而右移的气旋性风暴受到抑制,与理论研究结果一致。但也有不同之处,沿着地面高湿区内热力边界偏暖一侧移动的气旋性风暴没有受到明显抑制,有利的地面环境条件抵消了气旋性风暴受抑制的程度,使气旋性风暴能够持续更长的时间。该强烈发展的带有明显中反气旋的超级单体风暴具有低层钩状回波和入流缺口、中高层有界弱回波区及位于有界弱回波区之上的高层具有反射率因子核心和强烈风暴顶辐散,与经典的气旋式右移超级单体风暴的回波特征非常类似,除了是反气旋涡旋外,其回波特征与气旋式超级单体近似成镜像。风暴分裂是在单体形成不久的发展初期开始的。分裂先从中高层开始,然后迅速向下延伸。分裂后相对于0—6 km风切变矢量,左侧的单体为反气旋左移风暴,右侧的为气旋性右移风暴。 相似文献
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An analysis was conducted on the evolutional process of a mesoscale convective vortex (MCV) and associated heavy rainfall in the Dabie Mountain area on 21-22 June 2008,as well as their structural characteristics in different stages,by using the mesoscale reanalysis data with 3 km and 1 h resolution generated by the Local Analysis and Prediction System (LAPS) in the Southern China Heavy Rainfall Experiment.The results showed that the latent heat released by convection in the midtroposphere was the main energy source for the development of a low-level vortex.There was a positive feedback interaction between the convection and the vortex,and the evolution of the MCV was closely related to the strength of the positive interaction.The most typical characteristics of the thermal structure in different stages were that,there was a relatively thin diabatic heating layer in the midtroposphere in the formative stage;the thickness of diabatic heating layer significantly increased in the mature stage;and it almost disappeared in the decay stage.The characteristics of the dynamic structure were that,in the formative stage,there was no anticyclonic circulation at the high level;in the mature stage,an anticyclonic circulation with strong divergence was formed at the high level;in the decay stage,the anticyclonic circulation was damaged and the high-level atmosphere was in a disordered state of turbulence.Finally,the structural schematics of the MCV in the formative and mature stage were established respectively. 相似文献
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论大气运动的多时态特征——适应、发展和准定常演变 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
对中国气象学家在地转适应和运动多时态特征方面的研究作了概要性总结。其中主要介绍在风、压场的地转适应以及适应过程完成后,尚可区别出以Rossby波频散为特征的发展过程,和以平流过程为特征的准定常演变过程。文中指出,运动的多时态特征是由于动力系统中存在多种物理过程造成,因此在小尺度、中尺度以及热带大尺度运动中都存在适应、发展和准定常演变过程。文中进而指出,这种多时态特征也存在于海气耦合的气候系统中,以及更复杂的气候系统中,也即带有一定的普遍性。 相似文献
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针对一类大气、海洋问题，从算子方程出发，在显式完全平方守恒差分格式的基础上提出两种变时间步长的差分算法，使数值计算更加有效。在人工调节时间步长法中，通过人为控制方程中算子能量变化的办法调整时间步长；在自动调节时间步长法中，通过数值试验自动比较出所构造差分格式稳定性的好坏，将它与泰勒展开法及分解算法进行混合应用，验明了自动调节时间步长法具有综合判断差分格式好坏的功能，并得出一些有意义的结论。 相似文献
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A. Basovich 《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2011,51(3):151-164
The interaction between non-uniform near-surface currents and long surface waves is shown to produce large-scale secondary circulations. The circulations are caused by the Craik–Leibovich vortex force imposed on the existing non-uniform current by the surface waves. The current could be produced by different types of sources, such as by ship wakes or by river and sewer outflows. In this paper the circulations are considered for three representative types of currents: a near-surface jet, a shear current, and an underwater jet. A model similar to the model of Langmuir circulations is formulated and studied numerically. The general model takes into account the effect of viscosity on the main current as well as the effect of the circulation-related advection on the main current and secondary flow itself. A simplified model that describes the initial stage of the development of circulations was used in order to demonstrate the strength of the phenomenon and its dependence on some parameters of the problem. At this initial stage, the effect of viscosity on the main current as well as the effect of advection caused by the circulations was neglected (under assumption that the perturbation velocity is small). The effect of the viscosity on the circulations was included in the solution, and it was shown that initial development of the circulations is practically independent of the viscosity. This fact simplifies the solution of the problem and removes the uncertainty related to the value of the turbulent viscosity at the initial stage of the circulations. The results obtained demonstrate that strong circulations are generated under very realistic assumptions regarding the parameters of the current and the surface waves. The maximum velocity at the surface produced by such circulations can easily reach several centimeters per second. A circulatory flow with this magnitude of velocity at the surface can significantly affect short surface waves and, correspondingly, radar and optical signatures produced by the initial currents on the sea surface. Some important conclusions about the nature of these signatures are made based on numerical results and simple qualitative arguments. Theoretical predictions include, for example, the asymmetry of centerline ship wakes and the difference in the width and length between images of two wakes of similar ships moving in opposite directions when ambient surface waves are present. 相似文献
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该文选取北京地区2006年夏季的18次雷暴过程,利用SAFIR3000三维闪电定位系统观测到的总闪数据,分析了闪电与雷达反演的对流活动区降水量和对流活动区面积的相关关系,结果表明:北京地区的雷暴活动中,单个闪电所表征的降水量的范围在0.86×10~7～6.57×10~7kg/fl之间,平均值为2.65×10~7kg/fl;闪电活动与对流活动区降水量的线性相关关系显著,相关系数达到0.826;闪电活动与对流活动区面积也具有显著的线性关系,相关性系数达到0.846。文中给出了基于6 min闪电频次估算6 min对流降水量以及对流活动区面积的拟合方程。分析还发现,总闪活动与降水的关系要明显好于地闪,总闪信息的应用极大提高了分析结果的质量和可信性,分析结果对于利用闪电信息估测降水具有参考意义。 相似文献
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用波数域动能方程分析了1986年夏季东亚阻塞高压的形成、维持和衰退过程。发现该夏季代表阻塞高压的波动是5波（长波）,而不是2波（超长波）。在阻高形成和维持阶段,波与波非线性相互作用向5波输送动能,使5波动能增大;而波与平均流的相互作用则使5波动能减小。在阻高维持阶段,有效位能向5波转换动能,维持阻高。波与平均流的相互作用却使5波维持。在阻高衰退阶段则完全相反,波与波相互作用项以及有效位能与动能转换项均为负值,使5波动能变小,阻高衰退。而波与平均流相互作用,却使高纬西风减小,有利阻高维持。 相似文献
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The energy mechanisms responsible for the splitting and rebuilding of the 100 hPa polar vortex are studied.They are the energy transporting upwards of the wave with wavenumber 2 in the troposphere and the nonlinear interaction between waves.The former mechanism appears to play an important role in making the polar vortex splitting,and the latter is minor in this process.However,in the rebuilding of the polar vortex,the latter seems to be more important than the former. 相似文献