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选用1961—2020年辽宁省61个国家级气象站逐日降水、气温和天气现象数据,根据辽宁省气候特点,分别建立雨涝年景、干旱年景、低温年景、高温年景和暴雪年景评价指标,构建辽宁省综合气候年景评价模型,实现辽宁省雨涝、干旱、低温、高温、暴雪单要素气候年景以及综合气候年景的量化评估。结果表明：近60 a辽宁省高温年景显著增强,低温和暴雪年景显著减弱,干旱和雨涝年景无显著变化趋势。综合气候年景存在15 a左右的年代际振荡周期,20世纪80年代后为显著的准3 a年际振荡周期。经历史重大天气气候事件、灾情以及业务实际应用对评估结果检验表明,建立的年景评估方法较为合理,可用于辽宁省气候年景评价。 相似文献
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安徽淮北平原冬小麦气候适宜度分析及作物年景评估 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选取安徽省淮北平原37个气象站1960-2016年逐日气象资料,构建气温、降水、日照及气候适宜度模型,分析气候变暖背景下冬小麦气候适宜度时空演变特征,揭示冬小麦生育期气候风险,评判农业气候年景。结果表明：淮北平原冬小麦不同生育期对气候因子适宜程度不同,单要素各生育期适宜度均为灌浆-乳熟期较高,返青-拔节期较低,其中降水适宜度分蘖期最低;全生育期温度适宜度最高、日照适宜度次之、降水适宜度最低,水分是冬小麦生长的限制因子。气候综合适宜度灌浆-乳熟期最高,分蘖期降水适宜度最低,并且其序列变异系数大,常遭遇秋冬连旱,引起产量波动;全生育期气候适宜度呈东高西低分布,淮北中东部较高,而淮北西部及沿淮地区较低,冬小麦生产风险相对较高。1961-2016年全生育期温度适宜度线性增大趋势显著,降水适宜度线性趋势不明显,而日照适宜度呈显著的线性减小趋势;综合来看,全生育期气候适宜度无明显线性增减趋势,空间上淮北东部略有增大,而西部及沿淮地区略有减小,气候风险增加。淮北平原多数年份气候适宜度适中,适宜性偏差年发生概率高于偏好年。基于气候适宜度评判冬小麦气候年景等级,评估结果与实际产量增减情况基本相符,表明农业气候年景模型评估精度能满足业务服务需求,具有推广应用价值。 相似文献
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利用1961—2017年广东86个地面气象观测站逐日降水、气温以及气象干旱指数(Drought Index,DI)资料,建立了综合考虑雨涝、低温、干旱和高温这4个方面的广东气候年景客观定量评估方法,对广东气候年景进行客观定量评估,并应用实况灾情对评估结果进行验证。结果表明,近57 a来,广东雨涝和干旱年景指数变化趋势不显著,而低温年景指数呈显著下降的趋势,高温年景指数呈显著上升的趋势。近57 a来,广东综合气候年景指数以0.06/(10 a)的速率下降,但下降趋势不明显。评估得到广东气候年景评估结果与灾害实况大部相符,气候年景为差的年份有5 a:1963年、1969年、1993年、2001年、2008年。研究结果为广东客观定量的气候年景评估业务和决策服务提供技术依据。 相似文献
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气候年景定量化评价方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
气候年景评价是气候业务服务的重要产品——气候年公报的重要内容,其中评价方法是关键。旨在以福建省为例介绍一种计算简单、业务适用性强且易推广的气候年景定量化评价模型。基于福建省66个国家级气象站1961—2010年共50 a逐日气温、降水观测数据和综合气象干旱指数（MCI）数据,在分别建立低温年景、高温年景、雨涝年景和气象干旱年景的评价指标、等级划分标准和历史序列基础上,构建了综合气候年景的评价模型、等级划分标准和历史序列,实现了对福建省低温、高温、雨涝、气象干旱及综合气候年景的定量化评价且评价结果具有历史可比性。业务应用和历史事件验证显示所建评价指标体系合理,与历史重大事件一致性良好,可为汛期雨强、冬季低温强度、夏季高温强度等定量化评估提供参考。 相似文献
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吉林省气候变化及其对粮食生产的影响 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
应用气候观测、再分析资料和吉林省粮豆单产资料,研究了气候变化对粮食生产的影响。结果表明：近40多年来在北半球中纬度地区,吉林省是夏季农业生长季（5-9月）的平均温度上升趋势最显著的地区,该省中西部、南部和辽宁省为东北地区年降水量线性减少趋势较显著的地区,气候变化以暖干倾向为主;吉林省东部为年降水量线性增加趋势的显著地区。吉林省气候变暖对自20世纪80年代以来粮豆单产的持续增长起着重要的作用,但在20世纪末期至21世纪初,这种有利作用已不明显,呈现出粮豆单产年际变化随降水量的多寡而振动的特点。 相似文献
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基于气候适宜度的江苏水稻气候年景预测方法 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
在改进气候适宜度模型参数的基础上,利用1961-2016年70个站的气象观测资料和农业资料,应用统计方法,确定了温度、日照、降水适宜度对水稻气象产量的影响权重,由此构建了年景综合指数及其预测模型。结果表明:日照适宜度和降水适宜度与相对气象产量之间存在显著的相关关系,影响权重分别为0.460和0.428,由于热量资源充足,温度适宜度对气象产量的影响权重偏小(0.112);基于气候适宜度构建的年景综合指数与相对气象产量的相关系数达0.411,说明该指数能较好地表征气候条件对产量形成的综合影响;基于大气环流特征量和太平洋海温等大尺度预报因子,采用最优相关和逐步回归等方法,建立了水稻年景综合指数的预测模型,经过历史拟合和试报检验后效果理想,可投入业务应用,该方法的预测结果将为水稻产量分析预测提供科学依据。 相似文献
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本文旨在讨论气候变化背景下的粮食单产问题。首先,分析了气候变化与粮食单产的关系;其次,根据气候变化对粮食单产的影响特点,构建气候变化指数;第三,使用1989—2006年南京局地粮食单产,历年气象资料等数据,运用非线性逻辑型平滑迁移回归（LSTR）模型进行参数估计。得到的结论为：（1）降水强度偏小时,科技投入可以促进粮食单产的提高;（2）当气候变化指数超过某一范围时,气候变化带来的负面影响会迅速抵消科技贡献,使粮食减产。气候变化正在频繁的影响粮食单产,近年表现更加明显。政府需要加大对气候预测的投入力度,保障未来的粮食生产和国家的粮食安全。 相似文献
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解读政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)第六次评估报告(AR6)粮食系统的影响与适应,对科学认识国际气候变化对农业影响学科前沿动态具有重要意义。最新发布的IPCC AR6在深化阐述粮食生产能力、种植布局、病虫害影响的基础上,高度确信人类活动导致的气候变暖对粮食系统产生了负面影响,论述了粮食运输及消费中的气候风险,解析了粮食生产-存储-运输-消费的全链条气候变化影响,延展了影响评估归因内容并丰富了农业环境影响等相关科学认识。对于粮食系统的适应能力,强调适应及减缓协同发展的气候恢复力发展路径,适应评估从适应能力、适应方式等理论逐步转向适应实施行动和成效评估,并注重适应行动的区域特异性和有效性。本次评估强调了气候变化对作物影响的检测和归因、关注了气候和农业环境变化复合影响、倡导基于生态系统的适应方案和技术,评估了现有适应技术的可行性和成效。报告内容对中国强化农业影响评估能力及把握国际学科动态具有参考价值。 相似文献
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气候变化对粮食产量具有重要的影响作用,加强气候变化对粮食产量影响分析和风险评估,对应对气候变化、进行粮食生产结构合理调整和保障粮食安全具有重要的意义。为此,应用部分经验公式,推导出了一种计算粮食气候产量评价模式,用以估测气候因子(气温、降水)变化对粮食产量的影响。利用该模式,根据1981—2010年闽东地区逐年气温降水推算粮食产量,运用聚类分析、概率函数拟合等统计学方法对粮食产量时间序列进行分析。结果表明,闽东粮食产量与气温相关不显著,而与降水量显著相关。降水的增加有利于产量的增加。气温升高,在一定条件下,有利于产量增加,但达到一定程度后,气温升高,却可能造成产量的降低。聚类分析闽东粮食产量年型可分为歉收年、正常略少年、正常略多年和丰产年,闽东粮食产量主要年份为正常略少或略多,大多数年份粮食产量较为稳定,粮食产量评价结果与历史实况较为一致。本文推算的粮食产量评价模式能够反映出不同气候年景对产量的变化影响,是一种较为便捷和实用的气候变化对粮食产量的评估方式。 相似文献
11.
The impact of climate change on agriculture has received wide attention by the scientific community. This paper studies how to assess the grain yield impact of climate change, according to the climate change over a long time period in the future as predicted by a climate system model. The application of the concept of a traditional ＂yield impact of meteorological factor （YIMF）＂ or ＂yield impact of weather factor＂ to the grain yield assessment of a decadal or even a longer timescale would be suffocated at the outset because the YIMF is for studying the phenomenon on an interannual timescale, and it is difficult to distinguish between the trend caused by climate change and the one resulting from changes in non-climatic factors. Therefore, the concept of the yield impact of climatic change （YICC）, which is defined as the difference in the per unit area yields （PUAY） of a grain crop under a changing and an envisaged invariant climate conditions, is presented in this paper to assess the impact of global climate change on grain yields. The climatic factor has been introduced into the renowned economic Cobb-Douglas model, yielding a quantitative assessment method of YICC using real data. The method has been tested using the historical data of Northeast China, and the results show that it has an encouraging application outlook. 相似文献
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Grain maize yield in the main arable areas of the European Community (E.C.) was calculated with a simulation model, WOFOST, using historical weather data and average soil characteristics. The sensitivity of the model to individual weather variables was determined. Subsequent analyses were made using climate change scenarios with and without the direct effects of increased atmospheric CO2. The impact of crop management (sowing date, irrigation and cultivar type) in a changed climate was also assessed. Scenario climate change generally results in larger grain yields for the northern E.C., similar or slightly smaller yields for the central E.C. and considerably smaller yields for the southern E.C. The various climate change scenarios used appear to give considerably different changes in grain yield, both for each location and for the E.C. as a whole. Management analyses show that for both current and scenario climates the largest grain yield will be attained by varieties with an early start of grain filling, that average irrigation requirements to attain potential grain yield in the E.C. will increase with climate change but will decrease with both increased CO2 and climate change, and that sowing at both current and scenarios climate should occur as early as possible.The U.S. Government right to retain a nonexclusive, royalty-free licence in and to any copyright is acknowledged. 相似文献
14.
Sensitivity of southern African maize yields to the definition of sowing dekad in a changing climate
Most African countries struggle with food production and food security. These issues are expected to be even more severe in
the face of climate change. Our study examines the likely impacts of climate change on agriculture with a view to propose
adaptation options, especially in hard hit regions. We use a crop model to evaluate the impact of various sowing decisions
on the water satisfaction index (WSI) and thus the yield of maize crop. The crop model is run for 176 stations over southern
Africa, subject to climate scenarios downscaled from 6 GCMs. The sensitivity of these simulations is analysed so as to distinguish
the contributions of sowing decisions to yield variation. We compare the WSI change between a 20 year control period (1979–1999)
and a 20 year future period (2046–2065) over southern Africa. These results highlight areas that will likely be negatively
affected by climate change over the study region. We then calculate the contribution of sowing decisions to yield variation,
first for the control period, then for the future period. This contribution (sensitivity) allows us to distinguish the efficiency
of adaptation decisions under both present and future climate. In most countries rainfall in the sowing dekad is shown to
contribute more significantly to the yield variation and appears as a long term efficient decision to adapt. We discuss these
results and additional perspectives in order to propose local adaptation directions. 相似文献
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利用甘肃中部13个测站历年4～6月的旬降水、温度资料，分析了干旱年、月、(旬)降水量、平均温度等气候变化特征及其空间分布。在此基础上，建立了相应的春、夏干旱短期气候预测系统模型。经业务使用，准确率较高。 相似文献
16.
The climate observation data,reanalysis data,and grain/soybean yields per unit area were used to analyze and interpret the impact of climate change on grain production.The results show that Jilin Province was located in a remarkable increase area of temperature during the growing season(May-September)from 1948 in the middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere.The mid-west and south of Jilin Province and Liaoning Province were located in a clear linear decrease tendency area of annual precipitation,wherein a warm/dry tendency of climate change dominated,while the east of Jilin Province lay in a clear linear decrease tendency area of annual precipitation.The climate warming played an important role in continuous increase in the grain yield per unit area since the 1980's in the main grain production areas of Jilin Province,however,from the end of the 20th century to the beginning of the 21st century,the beneficial effect seemed to be not obvious any longer,the grain yield per unit area fluctuated with annual precipitation. 相似文献
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幼年上呼吸道感染发病的预测模型研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为找出金华市幼年上呼吸道感染发病的季节规律性及其与气候的关系,建立更为稳定、可靠的预测模型,利用基于人体热量平衡的体感温度模型计算了幼年在室内、室外有遮蔽和室外无遮蔽环境中的日体感温度。在此基础上,计算了3种环境中的旬最高、最低体感温度等因子。将一元一次线性回归、自然正交函数（EOF）和逐步回归方法结合起来,建立了上呼吸道感染的旬发病人数预测模型。经检验,炎热季节该预测模型的拟合值和实际值的变化趋势一致,峰值出现期也相同,值的差异较小。凉爽季节预测模型的拟合值和实际值的变化趋势基本一致,但拟合的峰值期不太明显,值的差异也较大。 相似文献
18.
The climate observation data, reanalysis data, and grain/soybean yields per unit area were used to analyze and interpret the impact of climate change on grain production. The results show that Jilin Province was located in a remarkable increase area of temperature during the growing season (May-September) from 1948 in the middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. The mid-west and south of Jilin Province and Liaoning Province were located in a clear linear decrease tendency area of annual precipitation, wherein a warm/dry tendency of climate change dominated, while the east of Jilin Province lay in a clear linear decrease tendency area of annual precipitation. The climate warming played an important role in continuous increase in the grain yield per unit area since the1980's in the main grain production areas of Jilin Province, however, from the end of the 20th century to the beginning of the 21st century, the beneficial effect seemed to be not obvious any longer, the grain yield per unit area fluctuated with annual precipitation. 相似文献
19.
临洮县春末夏初干旱气候分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
文中统计了临洮县 196 1～ 2 0 0 0年共 4 0年逐旬降水量资料 ,用谐波分析法分析诊断临洮县逐旬降水量多年平均值的年周期与半年周期 ,划分出气候干湿期时段 ,分析造成春末夏初旱的环流特征 ,为做好短期气候预测 ,指导农业生产提供服务 相似文献
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Modelling the response of wheat grain yield to climate change: a sensitivity analysis 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The Agricultural Production System Simulator-Wheat model was used to test the sensitivity of wheat cropping system in NSW to a range of changes in temperature, rainfall and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration based on wheat cultivars Sunvale and Janz under two extreme soil types (kandosol and sand) at six locations. Seven change levels (from 0 to 6°C at an interval of 1°C) in temperature, five change levels (from ?20 to 20 % at an interval of 10 %) in rainfall and three change levels (0, 171 and 316 ppm) in atmospheric pCO2 were taken into account. It was found that there was a negative relationship between median grain yield and temperature while there were positive correlations of median grain yield with atmospheric pCO2 and rainfall across all locations and soils considered. It was also found that the rate of decrease in median grain yield was more for higher temperatures in contrast to lower temperatures, and the rate of increase in median grain yield was less for higher rainfall and pCO2 compared with the lower levels of these two variables. This study showed that environmental factors have significant effects on wheat grain yield, with soil as the most important factor, followed by site (reflecting both soil and climate), changes in atmospheric CO2, rainfall and temperature. This study also showed that rainfall was more important under sandy soil conditions than under kandosol soil conditions. These findings provided a sound basis for preliminary scoping and prioritising adaptation options. 相似文献