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1.
研究适应信息化时代特征的矿产资源潜力制图新技术、新方法对推动矿产资源评价理论与技术的发展具有重要的意义.笔者把GIS技术、图像分类算法和空间统计学理论进行有机集成,在空间统计学的空间结构分析技术和遥感图像纹理分类算法的基础上,提出了一种以综合地学数据（地质、地球物理、地球化学和遥感图像数据等）为基本数据源的矿产资源潜力自动制图方法.该方法的技术流程为：①数据准备,即对地球物理和地球化学勘探数据进行预处理,生成一个物化遥综合图像文件;②图像空间结构性分析和纹理图像生成,以综合地学图像为研究对象,用空间统计学的结构分析技术研究地学数据综合图像的空间结构性,生成纹理图像;③纹理图像多元分类,用实验变差函数纹理分类方法对研究区进行多元分类,生成分类专题图;④分类后处理,用叠置分析修正空间分类结果,生成区域矿产资源潜力分布图. 相似文献
2.
矿产靶区预测是一种从统计单元集合中识别找矿靶区的非线性模式识别过程,可以利用Boltzmann机能够对外部刺激进行编码和重建的功能,实现基于Boltzmann机的矿产靶区非线性统计预测过程.鉴于此,笔者定义了面向矿产靶区预测的三层Boltzmann机模型,模型输入层神经元数目等于找矿证据数目,输出层只有一个神经元,隐藏层神经元数目由用户根据矿产靶区预测的精度要求确定;模型应用Hebbian编码和模拟退火算法相结合的随机学习算法进行训练,根据学习训练后模型输入层与隐藏层神经元之间的连接权确定找矿证据的权系数;根据证据权系数和统计单元证据组合特征计算单元成矿有利度,圈定找矿靶区.在GDAL数字图像输入输出函数库基础上,用VC++语言开发了面向栅格数据的矿产靶区预测Boltzmann机算法程序并应用于新疆阿勒泰地区的矿产靶区预测研究.结果表明,Boltzmann机模型预测的统计单元成矿有利度能够正确反映研究区已知矿床(点)的空间分布规律,因此,基于Boltzmann机的矿产靶区非线性统计预测模型是有效的. 相似文献
3.
BIF型铁矿是发育于华北克拉通内的主要铁矿类型之一,在鲁西南多地也发育该类型铁矿.通过收集以往地质、物探、矿产等成果资料,本次研究工作优选了成武—曹县航磁异常区开展1∶2.5万高精度磁法测量,同时在磁异常重点地段辅以大比例尺重磁精测剖面来进行异常综合解译;上述测量成果查明了研究区磁异常特征和异常较高部位分布范围,即该区磁场表现为"南东、北西低;中部、西部高"的特点,同时该重、磁异常具有同源的特征,与区域上已勘查发现的单县铁矿床物探异常形态相类似.物探数据解译推断了研究区内的构造格架(NW向和NE向2条基岩断裂,分别为曹县断裂和王集断裂),圈定了泰山岩群山草峪组及古近纪地层的分布范围,前者分布于研究区北部地区,后者分布于研究区南侧和西侧地区.本次物探解译工作共圈出了4处磁异常(分别为冉堌镇磁异常、普连集磁异常、九女集磁异常、安仁集磁异常);通过对以上磁异常的对比分析和综合研究,本次研究工作共在该4处磁异常中进一步圈定了4处找矿靶区(分别为冉堌镇找矿靶区、普连集找矿靶区、九女集找矿靶区、安仁集找矿靶区).综合分析上述找矿靶区的勘查前景认为以上找矿靶区具有一定的勘查价值,其中安仁集找矿靶区的铁矿勘查前景较好. 相似文献
4.
长江中下游成矿带是我国重要的铁铜多金属矿产资源基地,基于成矿系统理论,研究其在成矿带尺度,矿集区尺度和矿田尺度上的地球物理场特征,对于发现类似巨型成矿带和寻找同类大型矿床具有重要意义.本文结合区域重磁资料和深反射地震资料,分析了长江中下游成矿带的地球物理特征,发现长江中下游成矿带的地球物理标志是重磁同高的条带状异常,认为地幔流通道是形成此类巨型成矿带的根本原因.通过庐枞矿集区的深地震反射资料分析,认为深反射地震探测能有效识别Moho破裂及地幔流通道,重磁与地震结合寻找地幔流通道是发现此类成矿带的有效途径.在矿集区尺度上,重力高值带上的相对重力低地区对应金属矿床集中分布的拉分盆地.为有效筛选找矿靶区,我们提出了一种改进的重磁交叉梯度方法,通过模型试验,发现该方法能很好的区分不同组合的重磁异常.利用该方法,在九瑞矿集区和铜陵矿集区开展了找矿预测,结果表明该方法是一种圈定找矿靶区的有效方法. 相似文献
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马扎拉金锑矿是西藏藏南地区特提斯喜马拉雅成矿带上典型的受构造控制的蚀变岩型矿床.为了查明工作区控矿构造的空间展布以及为找矿评价提供依据,在前人总结的区域成矿模式的指导下,以物性为桥梁,将成矿模式转化为地质-地球物理模型,并以此模型为指导思想,综合分析了工作区地质资料和面积性的地球物理和地球化学资料,圈定了找矿有利的靶区,然后在靶区开展大比例尺的音频大地电磁测深和联合剖面测量工作.对音频大地电磁反演解译的断层进行了评价,推测与容矿相关的构造主要为F7、F12、Ft1、Ft2、Ft3.最后通过钻探对Ft1进行验证,成功发现了矿化破碎带.从而证明了综合信息找矿的合理性,为区内相似地质背景下的找矿工作提供了成功的经验. 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学》2021,(9)
华北克拉通虽是古老大陆地块,但在岩石圈的大规模减薄与破坏过程中,产生了金成矿作用,形成了中国最重要的金矿类型——华北克拉通破坏型金矿.地球物理方法是发现和探测金矿的主要技术手段.文章从华北克拉通破坏型金矿的地质特征出发,基于岩石物理性质,将克拉通破坏型金矿的地质模型转换成地球物理模型.将当前克拉通破坏型金矿地球物理探测归类为矿集区尺度快速高效探测和矿区尺度大深度探测两个层面:(1)利用航空电磁法、磁法和重力方法开展矿集区尺度的浅层(1500m)异常区探测;(2)通过地面可控源电磁法和地面大地电磁法开展矿区尺度大深度(5000m)探测和矿体定位.以具有巨大成矿潜力的辽东矿集区为例,分析综合地球物理的应用效果:在青城子矿集区的尖山子断裂周边圈定了两个找矿远景区,分别是白云-小佟家堡子深部找矿远景区和青城子深部找矿远景区.在五龙矿集区鸡心沟断裂周边圈定了三个找矿远景区,分别是五龙深部找矿远景区、苇沙沟深部找矿远景区和长安镇深部找矿远景区.矿集区尺度的快速探测技术和矿区尺度的大深度探测技术形成了克拉通破坏型金矿多尺度立体探测技术方案,为克拉通破坏型金矿等金属矿产勘查提供技术保障. 相似文献
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广德县山北地区位于下扬子地块皖南褶断带绩溪穹褶断束北缘,属于典型的花岗岩型铀矿(化)分布区.为研究该地区的铀矿(化)分布特征,寻找隐伏铀矿体,本文通过开展地面伽玛能谱、可控源音频大地电磁测深(CSAMT)、土壤氡气等综合物探方法,有效地发现与成矿有关的地球物理异常,结合地质资料,推断了与矿化体有关的岩体接触带和构造发育情况,圈定找矿靶区,并于后期开展的钻探验证工程中辅以伽玛测井定量确定异常铀矿化分布情况.研究结果表明,地面伽玛能谱测量能有效圈定与铀成矿有关的异常靶区;可控源音频大地电磁测深垂向分辨力高,能较准确探测花岗岩体厚度,推断断裂构造发育情况;土壤氡气测量能准确指示深部铀矿化信息.因此合理选用多种物探方法有助于提高地质找矿效果. 相似文献
8.
《地球物理学进展》2020,(3)
铀成矿信息提取和识别是当前铀矿地质找矿工作的研究热点之一.本文利用地面伽玛能谱钾测量数据,采用差量法对铀成矿信息进行提取,结果显示,黄梅尖地区钾差量正值域与负值域呈不均匀面状展布,且具有跨越不同侵入期次岩石单元现象,钾差量亏损场与铀矿床(点)的空间位置显示较好的对应关系,反映了铀成矿作用与钾差量亏损场具有成因联系.结合野外地质调查、显微岩石学和元素地球化学对比研究表明,钾差量亏损场的形成是成矿流体与围岩作用导致水云母、钠长石、绿泥石交代钾长石的结果,是一个铀元素富集、钾质含量流失的过程;依据钾差量亏损场可大致圈定与铀成矿密切相关的"褪色"蚀变作用的空间分布范围,进一步突显了岩体内带铀矿找矿的有利信息,缩小了找矿靶区;初步划分白虎山地段和黄龙桥-4340矿点一带两处铀成矿有利地段,对下一步岩体内带铀矿找矿工作具有重要的指示作用. 相似文献
9.
深部找矿是当前矿产资源勘查工作的重点,需要新的理论和技术方法的支持。本文以在山东某金矿为例概述了该矿区的地质概况和地球物理特征,介绍了广域电磁的原理、仪器和工作方法,在该矿区开展广域电磁法勘探工作。通过对勘探结果的反演剖面图进行解译和推断异常,圈定靶位,验证了新型物探方法在深部找矿应用中的有效性。 相似文献
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Jrg Khn 《Limnologica》1999,29(3):346
Politics, economics and science interpret the concept of sustainability differently. The discussion distinguishes between economic, environmental and social sustainability. While advocates of economic sustainability assume that natural capital is substitutable by humanmade capital, policies for a sustainable development are questionable. The paper therefore highlights a regional case to show that sustainability is indivisible. Moreover, economics and policies serving Baltic sustainability need a new institutional network to manage the multispecies resource with participation of the social players and by addressing targets step by step. The findings are based on a simple ecological-economic model providing insights for the negotiation game for all players. In addition, multispecies resource management shows a strong hierarchy in both social actions and targets. Since sustainable development is an on-going, dynamic process, policy implementation and funding must also be continuous. Sustainable development therefore challenges the institutional sets for the process and its relations to local, regional and national policies. 相似文献
12.
We have conducted a survey of zeolite occurrences in saline-alkaline paleolake deposits on Earth to identify the most prominent zeolite alteration patterns and to characterize the most common authigenic minerals and their paragenetic relationships. We collected the bulk mineral assemblages (from previous and our studies) as identified by X-ray diffraction from zeolitic tuff beds and associated sedimentary beds from thirteen paleolake deposits from the USA, Mexico, Greece, and Tanzania. We applied the Kohonen Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) to look for interesting patterns in the tuff bed mineral assemblages without prescribing any specific interpretation, and for information reduction and classification. Decision Tree (DT) method was applied to characterize these clusters. We were able to define clear class boundaries between fresh glass, non-analcime zeolites, analcime, and K feldspar. The non-analcime zeolites were further grouped into several classes based on mineral type. We also discuss the potential implications for Mars, showing that the mineral assemblages of diagenetic facies identified by SOM and DT can be used to test or validate the orbital, in situ, or modeling results, while the trained SOM provides a robust generalized ability to classify the new mineral assemblage data into the most common diagenetic facies identified in saline-alkaline paleoenvironments that contain zeolites. The study concludes that generalizing the complex geochemical behaviors using unsupervised statistical learning methods can help to identify the most prominent geochemical behaviors. 相似文献
13.
The 3D geological modeling is the prerequisite and core foundation for Digital Mine. Although this new technology brings new opportunities and motivation for the mineral exploration industry, it still has many difficulties to be solved in this area. Based on the characteristics of mine data and the aim of Digital Mine construction, this paper introduces a theory including multi-source data coupling, multi-modeling methods integration, multi-resolution visualization and detection, and multidimensional data analysis and application. By analyzing problems such as the uncertainty in each step of the modeling process, we designed a novel modeling method that can be applied to the complex geological body modeling, mineral resource/reserve estimation, and the mining exploration engineering. Along with the process of mine exploration, development, and reclamation, 3D modeling undergoes the process of “construction-simulation-revision” during which the 3D model is able to be dynamically updated and gradually improved. Based on the result of practical utilization, it is proven that the methodology introduced by this paper can be used to build an effective 3D model by fully using the mining data under the control of spatial information quality evaluation. Our experiments show that such a 3D model can be used to evaluate the mine resource and provide the scientific evidence to improve mining efficiency during the various stages of evolvement process in mine. 相似文献
14.
金属矿产勘查技术发展现状与思考 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
近年来，以寻找金属矿产为目的发愤卢业的勘查新技术可概括为：（1）以寻找隐伏矿为目标的覆盖区地球物理勘查技术，其中包括“三维地震”和“高光谱遥感”技术；（2）地球化学勘查新技术，其中包括“深穿透地球化学技术”、“地球化学信息的综合解释和地球化学填图技术”；（3）“找矿信息提取和综合”技术等。限于篇幅，本文仅对地球化学勘查新技术的研究现状进行了分析，同时对下列问题进行了思考：（1）在一个地区开展地球化学找矿工作首先要确立合适的取样介质，取样介质的立应以查明成矿成晕元素的形成机制和赋存状态为基础；（2）加强不同景观条件下不同矿种和不同矿床类型的异常特征和异常模式研究，建立区分矿异常和非矿异常的模式识别模型；（3）加强不同景观地质条件下，不同勘查尺度的地球化学填图技术研究，以实现迅速掌握全局，逐步缩小靶区的找矿战略；（4）加强地球化学信息与地质、地球物理和遥感信息相结合的信息综合技术的研究，应用综合信息定量圈定和评价找矿靶区，减少矿产勘查的不确定性。 相似文献
15.
The selective radius shift model was used to relate changes in mineral volume due to precipitation/dissolution reactions to changes in hydraulic properties affecting flow in porous media. The model accounts for (i) precipitation/dissolution taking place only in the water-filled part of the pore space and further that (ii) the amount of mineral precipitation/dissolution within a pore depends on the local pore volume. The pore bundle concept was used to connect pore-scale changes to macroscopic soil hydraulic properties. Precipitation/dissolution induces changes in the pore radii of water-filled pores and, consequently, in the effective porosity. In a time step of the numerical model, mineral reactions lead to a discontinuous pore-size distribution because only the water-filled pores are affected. The pore-size distribution is converted back to a soil moisture characteristic function to which a new water retention curve is fitted under physically plausible constraints. The model equations were derived for the commonly used van Genuchten/Mualem hydraulic properties. Together with a mixed-form solution of Richards’ equation for aqueous phase flow, the model was implemented into the geochemical modelling framework PHREEQC, thereby making available PHREEQC’s comprehensive geochemical reactions. Example applications include kinetic halite dissolution and calcite precipitation as a consequence of cation exchange. These applications showed marked changes in the soil’s hydraulic properties due to mineral precipitation/dissolution and the dependency of these changes on water contents. The simulations also revealed the strong influence of the degree of saturation on the development of the saturated hydraulic conductivity through its quadratic dependency on the van Genuchten parameter α. Furthermore, it was shown that the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity at fixed reduced water content can even increase during precipitation due to changes in the pore-size distribution. 相似文献
16.
预测人员震害损失的神经网络模型 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
随着区域经济的发展与城市化进程的加快，人口的集中度不断增加，这也给抗震防灾带来了新的课题。对地震中人员的损失进行有效的预测可为抗震防灾工作提供有力的管理方向。选择地震发生的震级、震源深度、震中烈度、设防水准、地震加速度、人口密度、地震预报等影响地震灾害人员伤亡的主要因素作为预测指标，以37次严重地震灾害为样本，建立了我国特征的BP神经网络地震灾害人员伤亡预测模型。 相似文献
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三层BP神经网络地震灾害人员伤亡预测模型 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
选择地震发生时刻、震级、震中烈度、建筑物倒塌和严重破坏率、抗震设防水准、人口密度、地震预报等7个评价指标,以20次严重地震灾害为示例（其中,17个作训练样本,3个作验证样本）,建立了三层BP神经网络地震灾害人员伤亡预测模型。基于MATLAB6,5BP神经网络训练,得出的预测结果与各个示例的实际数值比较吻合。验证样本的训练结果表明,该模型适用于地震灾害人员伤亡评估。通过对评价指标的权重计算,确认人口密度、建筑物倒塌与严重破坏率、震中烈度是影响地震灾害人员伤亡的主要因素,地震预报、抗震设防水准、地震发生时刻和震级次之。作为人为可控预测指标,减少人口密度特别是城市人口密度,提高建（构）筑物抗震能力及预测预报水平,对于减少地震灾害人员伤亡起更重要的作用。 相似文献
19.
Evaporation modelling by heuristic regression approaches using only temperature data 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Accurate estimation of pan evaporation (Epan) is very important in water resources management, irrigation scheduling and water budget of lakes. This study investigates the accuracy of two heuristic regression approaches, multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) and M5 model tree (M5Tree) in estimating pan evaporation using only temperature data as input. Monthly minimum temperature, maximum temperature and Epan data from three Turkish stations were used, with month number (periodicity information) added as input to see its effect on estimation accuracy. The models were compared with the calibrated Hargreaves-Samani (CHS), Stephens-Stewart (SS) and multiple linear regression methods. Three different train-test splitting strategies (50%–50%, 60%–40% and 75%–25%) were employed for better evaluation of the applied methods. The results show that the MARS method generally estimated monthly Epan with higher accuracy compared to the M5Tree, CHS and SS methods. When extraterrestrial radiation, calculated from Julian date and latitude information, was used as input to the SS instead of solar radiation, satisfactory estimates were obtained. A positive effect on model accuracy was observed when involving periodicity information in inputs and increasing training data length. 相似文献