共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 812 毫秒
1.
《应用地球物理》2015,(4)
检波器虚反射是斜缆地震数据采集的一种主要干扰波。检波器虚反射与一次波形成的陷波点随缆深而变化,引起频率成份的缺失,严重影响了地震资料处理与成像效果。研究了一种适用于斜缆地震数据的频率域高分辨率Radon变换方法,拟合出地震记录中的虚反射,将其从原始记录中减去实现了虚反射的消除。通过高分辨率线性Radon变换的基本原理分析,结合斜缆数据采集中检波器虚反射与一次波的传播特性,得到了高保真的频率域斜缆地震数据Radon正变换的表达式,根据虚反射传播路径建立了虚反射Radon反变换公式。将该方法应用于模型数据和实际资料,准确地拟合了斜缆数据中的虚反射。利用商业软件的匹配相减模块,从原始数据中减去检波器虚反射,有效地消除了虚反射对一次波的影响,陷频点得到了补偿,拓宽了地震资料的有效频带宽度。 相似文献
2.
海水面的虚反射(鬼波)引起海上拖缆采集数据陷波,导致地震记录频带变窄,而近年发展的变深度缆采集技术,具有多样的陷波特征,通过专门的去虚反射处理方法可获得宽频数据.本文基于已有研究成果,将最小二乘反演迭代压制虚反射算法应用于某海上变深度缆宽频处理.基于频率波数域镜像记录生成方法获得镜像炮集记录,并采用最小二乘解从变深度缆原始和镜像炮集记录中提取上行波.针对镜像炮集记录生成受初始速度模型精度的影响,使得某深度缆接收的上行波和下行波之间的实际延迟时间存在误差,采用最小二乘反演迭代算法最优化计算下行波与上行波之间的平均延迟时间和上行波记录,并采用时空数据窗口滑动克服延迟时间随炮检距和目的层深度变化问题.合成数据及某海上实际变深度缆数据处理测试结果表明,该方法能较好地压制变深度缆由海水面产生的虚反射,能达到拓宽地震记录频带目的. 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
斜缆地震资料包含低、中、高频带信息,特别是丰富的低频信息,可为复杂的地下构造提供高保真度、高分辨率的成像。在本文中,我们探究了斜缆地震资料反演的可行性,基于斜缆地震资料的宽频特点,提出了在不同的偏移距叠加道集上叠前同时反演,以获得纵波阻抗、横波阻抗与密度等目标参数,其次通过模型正演,对斜缆地震资料的叠前同时反演进行验证。最后,对惠州工区采集处理的斜缆地震资料进行了叠前同时反演,反演结果表明,斜缆地震资料记录下来的宽频带高品质数据,不但能够提高叠前同时反演信噪比、保真度,而且在地层连续性、砂体展布、地层厚度刻画等方面表现出了更优的性能。 相似文献
6.
7.
8.
海上倾斜缆采集技术具有多样的陷波特征,通过去鬼波处理可获得宽频数据.针对海水面波浪起伏及缆深误差引起的鬼波延迟时间估计误差以及崎岖海底和目的层深度变化使得鬼波和一次反射波的振幅差异系数随偏移距的变化而难以给定一个固定值的问题,本文推导出频率慢度域中鬼波滤波算子以及自适应迭代反演求解上行波算法,该鬼波滤波算子与不同水平慢度对应的鬼波和一次反射波的振幅差异系数以及鬼波延迟时间有关.并基于计算出的理论下行波与实际下行波之间的平方误差最小理论实现自适应反演迭代最优计算该振幅差异系数和鬼波延迟时间.合成的及某海上采集的倾斜缆数据去鬼波处理结果表明,频率慢度域自适应迭代反演算法能较好地去除海上变深度缆鬼波,能达到拓宽地震记录频带目的. 相似文献
9.
10.
垂直缆地震法是海洋地震勘探学里新发展起来的一种具有潜在应用前景的观测技术。本文基于射线追踪理论,采用基于不规则单元的双线性走时插值和快速波前扩展的高精度和高效率方法,并以目标层反射点分布密度作为衡量观测系统的主要参数,通过一系列三维海底地层模型和炮点、垂直接收缆及其水听器布设的数值模拟实验,对海洋地震垂直缆观测系统进行照明分析,取得了垂直缆观测系统参数对目标层反射点分布的影响规律,为最佳垂直缆观测系统设计和提高地震成像质量提供参考依据。 相似文献
11.
Single‐component towed‐streamer marine data acquisition records the pressure variations of the upgoing compressional waves followed by the polarity‐reversed pressure variations of downgoing waves, creating sea‐surface ghost events in the data. The sea‐surface ghost for constant‐depth towed‐streamer marine data acquisition is usually characterised by a ghost operator acting on the upgoing waves, which can be formulated as a filtering process in the frequency–wavenumber domain. The deghosting operation, usually via the application of the inverse Wiener filter related to the ghost operator, acts on the signal as well as the noise. The noise power transfer into the deghosted data is proportional to the power spectrum of the inverse Wiener filter and is amplifying the noise strongly at the notch wavenumbers and frequencies of the ghost operator. For variable‐depth streamer acquisition, the sea‐surface ghost cannot be described any longer as a wavenumber–frequency operator but as a linear relationship between the wavenumber–frequency representation of the upgoing waves at the sea surface and the data in the space–frequency domain. In this article, we investigate how the application of the inverse process acts on noise. It turns out that the noise magnification is less severe with variable‐depth streamer data, as opposed to constant depth, and is inversely proportional to the local slant of the streamer. We support this statement via application of the deghosting process to real and numerical random noise. We also propose a more general concept of a wavenumber–frequency ghost power transfer function, applicable for variable‐depth streamer acquisition, and demonstrate that the inverse of the proposed variable‐depth ghost power transfer function can be used to approximately quantify the action of the variable‐depth streamer deghosting process on noise. 相似文献
12.
High-resolution frequency-domain Radon transform and variable-depth streamer data deghosting 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Receiver ghost reflections adversely affect variable-depth streamer (VDS) data acquisition. In addition, the frequency notches caused by the interference between receiver ghosts and primary waves strongly affect seismic data processing and imaging. We developed a high-resolution Radon transform algorithm and used it to predict receiver ghosts from VDS data. The receiver ghost reflections are subtracted and removed from the raw data. We propose a forward Radon transform operator of VDS data in the frequency domain and, based on the ray paths of the receiver ghosts, we propose an inverse Radon transform operator. We apply the proposed methodology to model and field data with good results. We use matching and subtracting modules of commercially available seismic data processing software to remove the receiver ghosts. The frequency notches are compensated and the effective frequency bandwidth of the seismic data broadens. 相似文献
13.
The rough sea surface causes perturbations in the seismic data that can be significant for time‐lapse studies. The perturbations arise because the reflection response of the non‐flat sea perturbs the seismic wavelet. In order to remove these perturbations from the received seismic data, special deconvolution methods can be used, but these methods require, as input, the time varying wave elevation above each hydrophone in the streamer. In addition, the vertical displacement of the streamer itself must also be known at the position of each hydrophone and at all times. This information is not available in conventional seismic acquisition. However, it can be obtained from the hydrophone measurements provided that the hydrophones are recorded individually (not grouped), that the recording bandwidth is extended down to 0.05 Hz and that data are recorded without gaps between the shot records. The sea surface elevation, and also the wave‐induced vertical displacement of the streamer, can be determined from the time‐varying pressure that the sea waves cause in the hydrophone measurements. When this was done experimentally, using a single sensor seismic streamer without a conventional low cut filter, the wave induced pressure variations were easily detected. The inversion of these experimental data gives results for the sea surface elevation that are consistent with the weather and sea state at the time of acquisition. A high tension approximation allows a simplified solution of the equations that does not demand a knowledge of the streamer tension. However, best results at the tail end of the streamer are obtained using the general equation. 相似文献
14.
Michael S. Zhdanov Masashi Endo Leif H. Cox Martin Čuma Johnathan Linfoot Chris Anderson Noel Black Alexander V. Gribenko 《Geophysical Prospecting》2014,62(3):552-572
A towed streamer electromagnetic system capable of simultaneous seismic and electromagnetic data acquisition has recently been developed and tested in the North Sea. We introduce a 3D inversion methodology for towed streamer electromagnetic data that includes a moving sensitivity domain. Our implementation is based on the 3D integral equation method for computing responses and Fréchet derivatives and uses the re‐weighted regularized conjugate gradient method for minimizing the objective functional with focusing regularization. We present two model studies relevant to hydrocarbon exploration in the North Sea. First, we demonstrate the ability of a towed electromagnetic system to detect and characterize the Harding field, a medium‐sized North Sea hydrocarbon target. We compare our 3D inversion of towed streamer electromagnetic data with 3D inversion of conventional marine controlled‐source electromagnetic data and observe few differences between the recovered models. Second, we demonstrate the ability of a towed streamer electromagnetic system to detect and characterize the Peon discovery, which is representative of an infrastructure‐led shallow gas play in the North Sea. We also present an actual case study for the 3D inversion of towed streamer electromagnetic data from the Troll field in the North Sea and demonstrate our ability to image all the Troll West Oil and Gas Provinces and the Troll East Gas Province. We conclude that 3D inversion of data from the current generation of towed streamer electromagnetic systems can adequately recover hydrocarbon‐bearing formations to depths of approximately 2 km. We note that by obviating the need for ocean‐bottom receivers, the towed streamer electromagnetic system enables electromagnetic data to be acquired over very large areas in frontier and mature basins for higher acquisition rates and relatively lower cost than conventional marine controlled‐source electromagnetic methods. 相似文献
15.
宽频带、宽方位、高密度地震数据采集是近年地震勘探的重要发展方向,随着现代电子设备的可靠性大幅度提高,使得"两宽一高"采集技术得以推广应用。本文重点介绍陆上地震采集可控震源设备(Nomad系列)和数字检波器(DSU1-508)针对采集需求所做的技术改进,如何在保证生产效率、降低采集成本的前提下,使高密度采集成为可能,并满足深层勘探和高精度勘探的需求。通过分析高密度采集数据的处理结果并与常规采集效果进行对比,结果表明新一代设备在拓宽频带,提高分辨率的同时,极大地改善了成像质量。 相似文献
16.
矿产资源勘探尤其是金属矿勘探具有地质条件复杂、勘探深度大、分辨率要求高等特点.常规地震勘探技术与装备难以满足复杂地形高精度三维地震勘探需求.针对该技术难题,研发一套高保真、高分辨率轻便分布式混合遥测地震勘探系统迫在眉睫.鉴于此本文开发了信号高保真高分辨率数据采集技术、实时通讯及采集单元无址链接技术和多媒介混合遥测技术等一系列关键技术.成功研制出SE863单站单道分布式混合遥测地震数据采集系统,该系统由31位高分辨率采集单元链、集3 G/4 G无线通讯及有线通讯的交叉数据管理站、便携式主控站以及测控软件组成.支持二维、三维高密度地震反射波勘探、散射成像、天然源透射成像等地震数据采集工作.利用该套系统与428XL地震数据采集系统进行同步对比,并将该系统交付第三方使用完成了1 km2三维地震勘探实验,结果表明该系统设备轻便、性能稳定、分辨率高、数据质量好,是我国具有完全自主知识产权的高精度轻便分布式地震勘探技术装备,大大增强了我国地震勘探技术核心竞争力. 相似文献
17.
我国陆域天然气水合物主要分布于青藏高原和漠河地区.由于永久冻土层的存在,地震勘探很难获得高品质的资料,给天然气水合物勘探带来了诸多困难.为解决冻土层对地震信号的衰减问题,在哈拉湖地区采用低频可控震源进行地震资料采集试验,通过提高覆盖次数,获得了较高信噪比的地震资料.在高质量地震资料基础上,进行精细速度分析,获得了较准确的叠加速度谱资料;然后以层速度剖面为基础建立正演模型,开展天然气水合物地震正演模拟研究;最后利用叠后偏移地震数据进行地震属性分析.通过正演模拟和地震属性综合研究,总结了天然气水合物的地球物理响应特征,速度突变和空白反射带可作为哈拉湖地区陆域天然气水合物识别的敏感因素. 相似文献