共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
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海水面的虚反射(鬼波)引起海上拖缆采集数据陷波,导致地震记录频带变窄,而近年发展的变深度缆采集技术,具有多样的陷波特征,通过专门的去虚反射处理方法可获得宽频数据.本文基于已有研究成果,将最小二乘反演迭代压制虚反射算法应用于某海上变深度缆宽频处理.基于频率波数域镜像记录生成方法获得镜像炮集记录,并采用最小二乘解从变深度缆原始和镜像炮集记录中提取上行波.针对镜像炮集记录生成受初始速度模型精度的影响,使得某深度缆接收的上行波和下行波之间的实际延迟时间存在误差,采用最小二乘反演迭代算法最优化计算下行波与上行波之间的平均延迟时间和上行波记录,并采用时空数据窗口滑动克服延迟时间随炮检距和目的层深度变化问题.合成数据及某海上实际变深度缆数据处理测试结果表明,该方法能较好地压制变深度缆由海水面产生的虚反射,能达到拓宽地震记录频带目的. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2017,(4)
在海洋地震勘探中,鬼波不仅对一次反射波的波形产生干涉现象,而且使地震记录的频带变窄.虽然近几年发展起来的斜缆、上下缆地震采集系统和相应的鬼波压制方法已取得较好的效果.然而对于老数据的重处理以及目前依然广泛采用的水平缆,需要一种更适合的鬼波压制方法.本文开展了τ-p域压制水平缆鬼波的方法研究.首先,本文分析了水平缆数据鬼波特征,推导了时间域和τ-p域的鬼波延时估算公式,在τ-p域内构建了上、下行波的算子,提出了基于τ-p域平面波分解的水平缆鬼波压制算法,并通过引入Cauchy范数能量约束算子提高算法的稳定性.应用数值模型及海上实际地震数据进行了检波点端的鬼波压制试验.结果表明,该方法在不需要射线垂直入射的假设和介质速度模型的前提下,能有效分离出一次反射波,并拓宽地震数据的有效频带. 相似文献
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SRMA（与表面相关多次波的衰减）算法包含预测和相减两步.相减算法中,当多次波与反射波同相轴相交时,如何有效减去多次波、保留反射波,是面临的主要问题.通过分析非正交性对滤波器（逆子波）的影响,可以证明：逆子波因非正交性产生的误差呈近似的高斯分布.在此基础上,本文提出了在逆子波域（单道自适应相减滤波的滤波算子的集合）,利用其误差的概率分布特征,对逆子波进行估计,用逆子波的估计对逆子波进行校正来消除多次波的方法.其步骤为：首先用SRMA方法预测出表面多次波,并对每一单炮进行单道自适应相减,得到逆子波,形成逆子波域;其次,在逆子波域采用中值滤波,提取接近真实逆子波的逆子波估计;第三,在逆子波域用逆子波估计对畸变的逆子波进行校正;最后采用校正后的逆子波来衰减多次波.通过简单模型和SMARRT模型的测试,该方法不仅能够有效减去多次波,而且在相交的区域,能够保持反射波同相轴的连续性并恢复其正确的振幅. 相似文献
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本文导出了黏弹性层状介质中的多波波前扩散及介质吸收校正公式,为实测多波地震记录的真振幅补偿提供了理论基础.其次,利用Born一级近似线性化反射系数来确定频率域一个黏弹性介质的半反射界面上的多波映射矩阵,建立了模型解误差与参考模型的误差以及与模型参数之间的关系.对误差映射算子的分析结果表明,参考模型的误差存在并不改变AVO反演的模型参数的组合关系,但该误差对反演解的误差起放大作用,并且,参考模型的速度误差对AVO反演的影响程度比介质品质因子的误差大一个数量级. 相似文献
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高分辨率的宽带地震勘探技术是最近几年海上油气地震勘探的热点问题,鬼波压制是其中的核心议题.石油工业界,除了提出各种压制鬼波的采集方式外,资料处理过程中压制鬼波的方法也在不断地推陈出新.源、检鬼波的存在使得反射子波的有效频带变窄,成像分辨率降低,且干扰后续的自由表面多次波压制、FWI等.不同于常规的鬼波压制模型,本文基于编码与解码理论框架,用编码建立起鬼波预测模型,在Bayes反演框架下建立起解码估计一次波、从而压制鬼波的方法.基于此鬼波预测模型及相应反演理论的鬼波压制方法对鬼波的压制更为彻底.理论模型数据与实际资料测试结果验证了本文提出的理论框架和方法技术的有效性与优越性. 相似文献
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为提高宽方位地震数据的成像质量,改善面元属性之间的不均匀性,发展了宽方位OVT域数据五维插值技术.正交匹配追踪傅立叶插值技术是OVT域五维数据插值的有效技术,该技术以傅立叶变换作为算子,将数据变换到频率空间域,产生若干个频率切片,从若干个频率切片中选取一个傅立叶分量系数,同时综合利用地震数据的"纵向、横向、时间、偏移距、方位角"五个维度信息计算插值算子,为了避免选中假频成份,在每一步迭代中通过引入滤波算子对所选取的傅立叶分量的系数进行重新计算,实现反假频的目的 .与常规三维数据插值相比,OVT域五维插值更精确,振幅保真性更好. 相似文献
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为在去除多次波时有效保护地震一次反射波数据的AVO现象,给后续反演、解释提供准确的地震数据,本文提出了一种基于保幅拉东变换的多次波衰减方法,该方法是对常规抛物拉东变换的修改,把常规的稀疏拉东变换在拉东域分成两部分：一部分用于模拟零偏移距处的反射波能量,增加的另一部分用于模拟反射波振幅的AVO特性.该方法不仅考虑了反射波同相轴的形状,还考虑了反射波同相轴振幅幅度的变化,从而可把反射波信息进行有效转换,进而有利于多次波的消除,更好地恢复有效波的能量.在把地震数据由时间域转换到拉东域时,本文采用了IRLS算法实现保幅拉东算子的反演.模型数据和实际地震道集的试算分析表明,与常规拉东变换相比,保幅拉东变换在去除多次波的同时可有效保护一次反射波的AVO现象. 相似文献
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鬼波问题是影响海上地震资料分辨率和保真度提高的最重要因素之一.详细论述了逆散射级数理论和逆散射级数法鬼波压制原理,说明了逆散射级数方法进行鬼波压制理论的完善性和对鬼波描述的精确性.实现了基于逆散射级数理论的鬼波压制方法,方法以波动方程和Lippmann-Schwinger方程为基础,在频率-波数-波数域内构造与鬼波相关的压制算子,在不需要对地下介质作任何假设条件下实现地震数据驱动鬼波压制,并通过改善消除鬼波的压制算子,提高算法的稳定性.资料处理试验与处理结果分析表明,基于逆散射级数鬼波压制方法能在实现鬼波压制的同时较好保留有效反射波的信息,从而补偿地震资料低频损失和提高地震数据的保真度.数据处理试验还表明,研究方法能对低信噪比的地震资料进行有效的鬼波压制处理.建立了基于逆散射级数鬼波压制处理流程. 相似文献
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Xing-Yan Zhang Dong-Ming Pan Wen-Ying Shi Zhong-Yu Fang Zhi-Wei Dan Li-Xia Zhang 《应用地球物理》2015,12(4):573-584
Currently, the deghosting of towed streamer seismic data assumes a flat sea level and a sea-surface reflection coefficient of ?1; this decreases the precision of deghosting. A new method that considers the rough sea surface is proposed to suppress ghost reflections. The proposed deghosting method obtains the rough sea surface reflection coefficient using Gaussian statistics, and calculates the optimized deghosting operator in the τ/p domain. The proposed method is closer to the actual sea conditions, offers an improved deghosting operator, removes the ghost reflections from marine towed seismic data, widens the bandwidth and restores the low-frequency information, and finally improves the signal-tonoise ratio and resolution of the seismic data. 相似文献
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Single‐component towed‐streamer marine data acquisition records the pressure variations of the upgoing compressional waves followed by the polarity‐reversed pressure variations of downgoing waves, creating sea‐surface ghost events in the data. The sea‐surface ghost for constant‐depth towed‐streamer marine data acquisition is usually characterised by a ghost operator acting on the upgoing waves, which can be formulated as a filtering process in the frequency–wavenumber domain. The deghosting operation, usually via the application of the inverse Wiener filter related to the ghost operator, acts on the signal as well as the noise. The noise power transfer into the deghosted data is proportional to the power spectrum of the inverse Wiener filter and is amplifying the noise strongly at the notch wavenumbers and frequencies of the ghost operator. For variable‐depth streamer acquisition, the sea‐surface ghost cannot be described any longer as a wavenumber–frequency operator but as a linear relationship between the wavenumber–frequency representation of the upgoing waves at the sea surface and the data in the space–frequency domain. In this article, we investigate how the application of the inverse process acts on noise. It turns out that the noise magnification is less severe with variable‐depth streamer data, as opposed to constant depth, and is inversely proportional to the local slant of the streamer. We support this statement via application of the deghosting process to real and numerical random noise. We also propose a more general concept of a wavenumber–frequency ghost power transfer function, applicable for variable‐depth streamer acquisition, and demonstrate that the inverse of the proposed variable‐depth ghost power transfer function can be used to approximately quantify the action of the variable‐depth streamer deghosting process on noise. 相似文献
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作为一种特殊的噪声,鬼波对一次波的波形及频带宽度产生极大的影响,鬼波压制是提高海上地震资料分辨率及保真度的重要因素.以格林公式为基础,详细论述了基于格林函数理论的鬼波压制方法,在不需要地下介质信息的条件下,进行地震数据驱动鬼波压制,并根据"Double Dirichlet"(双狄利克雷)边界条件,预测压力波场和垂直速度波场.建立了基于格林函数理论鬼波压制的处理流程,数值模拟和实际资料处理结果表明,基于格林函数理论鬼波压制方法在很好地去除鬼波的同时极大地拓宽了地震资料的频带,尤其提升了低频端能量,有利于后续资料的处理解释. 相似文献
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In marine acquisition, reflections of sound energy from the water–air interface result in ghosts in the seismic data, both in the source side and the receiver side. Ghosts limit the bandwidth of the useful signal and blur the final image. The process to separate the ghost and primary signals, called the deghosting process, can fill the ghost notch, broaden the frequency band, and help achieve high‐resolution images. Low‐signal‐to‐noise ratio near the notch frequencies and 3D effects are two challenges that the deghosting process has to face. In this paper, starting from an introduction to the deghosting process, we present and compare two strategies to solve the latter. The first is an adaptive mechanism that adjusts the deghosting operator to compensate for 3D effects or errors in source/receiver depth measurement. This method does not include explicitly the crossline slowness component and is not affected by the sparse sampling in the same direction. The second method is an inversion‐type approach that does include the crossline slowness component in the algorithm and handles the 3D effects explicitly. Both synthetic and field data examples in wide azimuth acquisition settings are shown to compare the two strategies. Both methods provide satisfactory results. 相似文献
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High-resolution frequency-domain Radon transform and variable-depth streamer data deghosting 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Receiver ghost reflections adversely affect variable-depth streamer (VDS) data acquisition. In addition, the frequency notches caused by the interference between receiver ghosts and primary waves strongly affect seismic data processing and imaging. We developed a high-resolution Radon transform algorithm and used it to predict receiver ghosts from VDS data. The receiver ghost reflections are subtracted and removed from the raw data. We propose a forward Radon transform operator of VDS data in the frequency domain and, based on the ray paths of the receiver ghosts, we propose an inverse Radon transform operator. We apply the proposed methodology to model and field data with good results. We use matching and subtracting modules of commercially available seismic data processing software to remove the receiver ghosts. The frequency notches are compensated and the effective frequency bandwidth of the seismic data broadens. 相似文献
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Three‐dimensional receiver ghost attenuation (deghosting) of dual‐sensor towed‐streamer data is straightforward, in principle. In its simplest form, it requires applying a three‐dimensional frequency–wavenumber filter to the vertical component of the particle motion data to correct for the amplitude reduction on the vertical component of non‐normal incidence plane waves before combining with the pressure data. More elaborate techniques use three‐dimensional filters to both components before summation, for example, for ghost wavelet dephasing and mitigation of noise of different strengths on the individual components in optimum deghosting. The problem with all these techniques is, of course, that it is usually impossible to transform the data into the crossline wavenumber domain because of aliasing. Hence, usually, a two‐dimensional version of deghosting is applied to the data in the frequency–inline wavenumber domain. We investigate going down the “dimensionality ladder” one more step to a one‐dimensional weighted summation of the records of the collocated sensors to create an approximate deghosting procedure. We specifically consider amplitude‐balancing weights computed via a standard automatic gain control before summation, reminiscent of a diversity stack of the dual‐sensor recordings. This technique is independent of the actual streamer depth and insensitive to variations in the sea‐surface reflection coefficient. The automatic gain control weights serve two purposes: (i) to approximately correct for the geometric amplitude loss of the Z data and (ii) to mitigate noise strength variations on the two components. Here, Z denotes the vertical component of the velocity of particle motion scaled by the seismic impedance of the near‐sensor water volume. The weights are time‐varying and can also be made frequency‐band dependent, adapting better to frequency variations of the noise. The investigated process is a very robust, almost fully hands‐off, approximate three‐dimensional deghosting step for dual‐sensor data, requiring no spatial filtering and no explicit estimates of noise power. We argue that this technique performs well in terms of ghost attenuation (albeit, not exact ghost removal) and balancing the signal‐to‐noise ratio in the output data. For instances where full three‐dimensional receiver deghosting is the final product, the proposed technique is appropriate for efficient quality control of the data acquired and in aiding the parameterisation of the subsequent deghosting processing. 相似文献
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针对天然气水合物钻探难以有效解决的矿体空间展布等难点,提出一套基于自适应鬼波压制技术的地震宽频处理技术,有效改善资料分辨率。首先采用上下行波场分离的鬼波压制技术实现对震源端和电缆端鬼波的压制;然后通过高精度网格层析反演速度建模技术获取高质量速度场,利用叠前深度偏移成像进一步提高水合物层成像精度。实践表明,相对于常规处理而言,宽频处理的水合物地震特征更清晰,细节信息更丰富,有利于天然气水合物矿体的准确描述。 相似文献
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本文对地震逆散射的研究，旨在于为抑制层间多次波和地震波场多重散射对一次反射干扰效应提供理论依据.这对薄互层地层滤波的高频恢复、保幅弹性反演、衍射地震勘探及海洋地震勘探中的干扰消除皆具重要意义.本文基于上下行波分解及弹性波互易定理，导出横向变速介质条件下线性预测算子的表达式和反射数据的广义谱分解方程. 文中先由上覆地层广义反射透射矩阵的元素定义线性预测算子，并将其表示成一系列单程波算子的线性组合,之后将横向变速介质条件下线性预测方程表达为反射数据与线性预测算子及其逆的乘积. 对该方程的求解可获得上覆地层的线性预测算子，从而可借以求出相应的反射透射算子. 本文先将水平层状介质条件下垂直入射的一维线性预测方程推广到斜入射的情况，以此为参照，导出横向非均匀介质条件下反射数据的地震逆散射广义谱分解方程.文中也揭示了单程波地震逆散射算子、反射透射算子的性态.本文还针对水平层状介质条件，给出斜入射的数值结果. 相似文献