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1.
Mechanism of sinkhole formation during groundwater-level recovery in karst mining area,Dachengqiao, Hunan province,China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Zongyuan Pan Xiaozhen Jiang Mingtang Lei Zhende Guan Yuanbin Wu Yongli Gao 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(24):799
The Meitanba Coal Mine area in Hunan province, China, had been impacted by severe cover collapse sinkholes since 1982 due to mine dewatering. After the coal mine was closed in February 2015, the groundwater level has increased significantly. A series of sinkholes were recorded in the study area during groundwater-level recovery. Analysis of monitoring results and in-situ investigation indicated that 13 sinkhole collapses were more likely induced by abrupt change of groundwater–air pressure in response to heavy rainfall from March 2015 to July 2016 when the groundwater level increased by as much as 76 m. When the karst conduit was flooded, a relatively sealed environment was formed between saturated sediments and flooded karst conduit. Implosion of entrapped air might have caused the cave roof to collapse followed by surface collapses in a short time. On the other hand, four sinkholes occurred in November 2016 when the groundwater levels were near the soil–bedrock interface at elevations between 52.5 and 58.9 m amsl and the groundwater-level increase was at slower paces. Field measurements indicate that the groundwater-level fluctuation at the soil–bedrock interface could enlarge the soil cavity and accelerate the subsoil erosion process. 相似文献
2.
Chemseddine Fehdi Fethi Baali Djamel Boubaya Abdelkader Rouabhia 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2011,4(1-2):181-187
Sinkhole collapse is one of the main limitations on the development of karst areas, especially where bedrock is covered by unconsolidated material. Studies of sinkhole formation have shown that sinkholes are likely to develop in cutter (enlarged joint) zones as a result of subterranean erosion by flowing groundwater. Electrical resistivity imaging or tomography (RESTOM) is well suited to mapping sinkholes because of the ability of the technique for detecting resistive features and discriminating subtle resistivity variations. Two-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography surveys were conducted at two sinkhole sites near Cheria city where limestone is covered by about 10 m of clayey soils. A Wenner transect was conducted between the two sinkholes. The electrode spacing was 2 m. The length of transect is about 80 m. The survey results suggest that RESTOM is an ideal geophysical tool to aid in the detection and monitoring of sinkholes and other subsurface cavities. 相似文献
3.
I. Nouioua Aek. Rouabhia Ch. Fehdi M. L. Boukelloul L. Gadri D. Chabou R. Mouici 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,68(6):1661-1672
Sinkhole collapse is one of the main limitations in the development of karst areas, especially where bedrock is covered by unconsolidated material. Studies of sinkhole formation have shown that sinkholes are likely to develop in cutter (enlarged joint) zones as a result of subterranean erosion by flowing groundwater. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity imaging or tomography (RESTOM) are well suited to mapping sinkholes because of the ability of these two techniques for detecting voids and discriminating subtle resistivity variations. Nine GPR profiles and two-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography have been applied, with relative success, to locate paleo-collapses and cavities, and to detect and characterize karst at two sinkhole sites near Cheria City where limestone is covered by about 10 m of clayey soils. The survey results suggest that GPR and RESTOM are ideal geophysical tools to aid in the detection and monitoring of sinkholes and other subsurface cavities. 相似文献
4.
岩溶矿床疏干区地下水位恢复对岩溶塌陷作用机制的研究——以湖南宁乡大成桥为例 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
截止2016年底,大成桥疏干区在地下水位恢复过程中共发生了17起岩溶塌陷,文章结合地下水动态监测、水文地质钻探成果以及现场调查资料等,研究地下水恢复特征及其对岩溶塌陷的作用机制,为研究区塌陷的预警防治提供科学依据。结果表明:研究区岩溶塌陷集中在河流两岸阶地和麻枣冲沟中;岩溶塌陷发生顺序为先补给区后径流区,与地下水恢复动态过程密切相关;区内地下水恢复过程可分为4个阶段,不同阶段岩溶塌陷机理可分为渗流潜蚀-气爆效应,负压吸蚀效应,软化增荷-挤压-吸蚀效应和软化-崩解效应等4种力学效应组合,不同力学效应作用下的致塌模式有所不同。其中地下水位在基岩面附近4~5 m范围波动更容易引发岩溶塌陷。目前补给区地下水位标高63.95~71.8 m,高于基岩面5~6 m;径流区为42.8~57.7 m,位于基岩面以下4~17 m,因此须密切观测研究区地下水位变化。 相似文献
5.
湖南宁乡大成桥充水矿山疏干区岩溶系统水气压力监测及突变特征 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
湖南煤炭坝煤矿是我国著名的大水矿山,开采标高已降至-400 m,每小时排水量11 000 m3。长期的疏干排水,已形成面积达219.19 km2的地下水降落漏斗。以往的调查资料表明,矿山疏干诱发的岩溶塌陷主要发生在疏干开始、地下水位下降到基岩面附近、矿坑发生突水突泥灾害等3个阶段,在疏干区应该无诱发因素导致岩溶塌陷的发生。但近年来煤炭坝煤矿疏干区大成桥的岩溶塌陷特征表明,尽管相关部门采取了一系列处置措施,但岩溶塌陷仍然频繁发生。为了进一步揭示该地区岩溶塌陷发育规律,使处置决策更加科学化,作者所在团队选择大成桥为典型区,通过岩溶系统地下水气压力监测,分析诱发岩溶塌陷的动力来源及其变化规律。结果表明,疏干区岩溶管道裂隙系统中水气压力突变现象极为明显,年最大变幅达54.72 m,瞬时水气压力变化速率最大为70.6 cm/min,造成这一现象的主要原因是气爆、地下洞穴（溶洞、土洞）垮塌。 相似文献
6.
线性工程路基岩溶土洞(塌陷)监测技术与方法综述 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
土洞(塌陷)的监测预警问题一直是国际上极具挑战性的课题。近年来,随着新技术的发展,特别是光电传感技术的应用,岩溶土洞(塌陷)预警监测已取得可喜的进展。本文通过对地质雷达监测法、剖面沉降监测法、In Sar 监测法、时域反射( TDR)同轴电缆监测法、基于岩溶管道裂隙水(气)压力监测的触发因素监测法、BO TDR及OTDR光纤传感监测法等适合于线性工程岩溶土洞(塌陷)的监测预报方法进行了系统分析比较,结果发现: 单一方法在岩溶土洞(塌陷)的监测预警中都有其局限性; 分布式TDR及BOTDR技术可有效确定岩溶塌陷的空间位置,但在埋设方面需进一步的研究;岩溶土洞(塌陷)的监测预警是一个系统工程,应考虑多种方法的综合运用。 相似文献
7.
基于武汉市易发生的29处岩溶塌陷,从岩溶、覆盖层和地下水3方面分析了岩溶塌陷的内部结构;通过现场监测和数值模拟,分析了降雨、钻探和桩基施工的输入作用,并探讨了武汉市岩溶塌陷的演化机理。结果表明:（1）“上黏下砂”的盖层结构、浅部岩溶发育、孔隙水与岩溶水具良好水力联系是塌陷形成的基础条件;（2）自然环境下开口岩溶上方土洞扩展存在水力潜蚀和应力集中破坏两个演化阶段;（3）钻探和桩基施工联通孔隙水和岩溶水的瞬间,孔壁周边松散砂土快速进入临界水力梯度而破坏。桩基施工在覆盖层内的振动荷载和超孔隙水压力,易造成覆盖层整体破坏。在岩溶区施工产生的冲击作用可使岩溶水和孔隙水形成不同步波动,两者存在高水头差,致使覆盖层内砂层在压力差作用下破坏。 相似文献
8.
广西来宾市良江镇吉利村岩溶塌陷成因机制分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
2010年6月,一场极端暴雨事件过后,广西来宾市良江镇吉利村发生大规模岩溶塌陷,一个月内陆续产生了17处塌陷坑,其中3个塌陷坑逐渐扩大发展,最终形成一长约170 m,深约38 m的大塌陷坑,被称为“广西第一塌”。此次塌陷事件影响面积约1 500 m2,导致70户298人搬离家园。为了弄清吉利村岩溶塌陷的成因机制,在塌陷发生地区开展了地面调查、三维激光扫描、地球物理勘探、水文地质工程地质钻探、岩溶塌陷动力条件监测、降雨量监测等多项工作。分析结果表明:吉利岩溶塌陷为自然塌陷,是多种不良因素共同作用的结果,这些因素包括特殊的“水-土-岩”组合和极端暴雨,其中极端暴雨引起的地下水气压力的急剧变化是其主要动力因素;特殊的地质条件,决定了该区岩溶塌陷发生的特殊性,分析其形成过程,认为主要受气爆效应、水击效应和渗流潜蚀效应的综合作用。 相似文献
9.
为了查明金佛山各洞穴之间的地下水力联系,探讨岩溶地下水系统结构特征,于2016年12月进行了多元示踪试验。将罗丹明B作为示踪剂,从药池坝附近消水洞（S01）投入,验证消水洞与北坡水源（水房泉）（S02）之间存在水力联系。结果显示,示踪剂历时曲线为多峰型,推测地下过水通道可能由单管道型演变为多管道型通道;将荧光素钠投入金佛洞地下水流动处（S05）和将罗丹明B、荧光增白剂投入羊口洞地下水流动处（S03）,利用高分辨率荧光光度计,于燕子洞（S04）在线监测。结果显示,金佛洞、羊口洞分别与燕子洞之间存在水力联系,且示踪剂历时曲线均为跳跃型,推测地下过水通道可能为发育有一定规模溶潭的多管道型。 相似文献
10.
James H. Wiersma Ronald D. Stieglitz Dewayne L. Cecil Glenn M. Metzler 《Environmental Geology》1986,8(1-2):99-104
Door County, Wisconsin, is a region of karst topography underlain by Silurian dolomite bedrock. Numerous sinkholes intercept
much of the surface runoff and act as sites for direct groundwater recharge. The clay-rich and impermeable Upper Ordovician
Maquoketa formation separates the dolomite aquifer from the deeper aquifers and appears to be a factor in groundwater circulation
and karst formation Thin glacial drift and Quaternary materials overlie the dolomite and are hydrologically connected with
it
The interactions of surface and groundwater, and the role of solution features in water interchange were studied in a small
drainage basin. This basin contains several large sinkholes and a nearby spring complex Mapping identified many additional
sinks and swallets in surface drainage routes Water flowing into two sinks was traced and found to have a residence time of
several hours. Water flowing into sinkholes and from the spring was sampled to identify the quality and seasonal trends in
composition of the shallow groundwater Water quality parameters monitored include magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride,
phosphorous, nitrate and ammonia, nitrogen, alkalinity, pH, turbidity, and specific conductance. Nitrate levels were found
to increase 5 to 6 times during periods when there was zero input through sinkhole recharge sites. Nitrate levels approached
the 10 mg/l NO3
−-N limit set by the U.S. Public Health Service for drinking water
In this basin sandy soils are most susceptible to sink development, whereas clay-rich soils have a lesser number of sinks.
It appears, however, that a network of bedrock solution features exists under all soils The loss of soil into sinkholes has
impacted groundwater quality and reduced agricultural productivity through a reduction in tillable acreage and water retention
capacity. 相似文献
11.
12.
《Applied Geochemistry》2005,20(10):1831-1847
The groundwater contribution into Green Lake and Black Lake (Vescovo Lakes Group), two cover collapse sinkholes in Pontina Plain (Central Italy), was estimated using water chemistry and a 222Rn budget. These data can constrain the interactions between sinkholes and deep seated fluid circulation, with a special focus on the possibility of the bedrock karst aquifer feeding the lake. The Rn budget accounted for all quantifiable surface and subsurface input and output fluxes including the flux across the sediment–water interface. The total value of groundwater discharge into Green Lake and Black Lake (∼540 ± 160 L s−1) obtained from the Rn budget is lower than, but comparable with historical data on the springs group discharge estimated in the same period of the year (800 ± 90 L s−1). Besides being an indirect test for the reliability of the Rn-budget “tool”, it confirms that both Green and Black Lake are effectively springs and not simply “water filled” sinkholes. New data on the water chemistry and the groundwater fluxes into the sinkhole area of Vescovo Lakes allows the assessment of the mechanism responsible for sinkhole formation in Pontina Plain and suggests the necessity of monitoring the changes of physical and chemical parameters of groundwater below the plain in order to mitigate the associated risk. 相似文献
13.
结合土洞的分布和形成演化的特点,采用具有分布式特点的同轴电缆时域反射(TDR)技术开展岩溶土洞监测研究。通过室内同轴电缆的抗拉、胶结同轴电缆的抗折等试验,以及在建高速公路上铺设方法的对比,得到以下结论:TDR用于野外岩溶土洞发育区的监测是可行的,但要求同轴电缆的拉断荷载低于200N,水泥砂浆的配比在1∶3～1∶4之间,且梁式胶结同轴电缆铺设方法较好。 相似文献
14.
基于MODFLOW的岩溶管道水流模拟方法探讨与应用 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
针对岩溶管道水流特征,选取广西寨底岩溶流域为研究对象,分别采用三维有限差分地下水流动模型(MODFLOW)中的Drain和River模块概化模拟岩溶管道特征,结合管道内上游、中游及下游三个观测孔对比分析两种方法的适用性,结果表明:末期等水位线图中位于管道两侧处流线均有形状突变,符合实际管道水流动态特征,且能模拟出管道内水位变化趋势。最后分析两种方法模拟管道水流的原理,Drain模块中岩溶管道仅起排水作用,不允许管道内水流流向周围含水层,而River模块允许岩溶管道水与周围含水层水流交换,因而相对Drain模块而言,应用River模块概化模拟岩溶管道更加精确。 相似文献
15.
V. Buchignani G. D’Amato Avanzi R. Giannecchini A. Puccinelli 《Environmental Geology》2008,53(5):1037-1044
In 1995 a sinkhole suddenly formed at Camaiore (Tuscany, Italy), causing destruction or heavy damages to several houses and
resulting in the evacuation of many people. To understand the causes, for the formation and evolution of the collapse, surface
and underground geologic features were investigated and reconstructed on the basis of geologic and geognostic surveys. The
sinkhole area is underlain by thick alluvial deposits that cover a bedrock consisting of the Calcare cavernoso formation.
This formation results from hydration and dissolution of Triassic evaporites and has a characteristic spongy and vacuolate
texture. The bedrock contains karst cavities, generally filled by breccia and/or alluvial materials. Thus, the sinkhole disaster
could be ascribed to deep collapse of a cave in the bedrock, and might be considered a distant effect of ancient karst phenomena
in evaporites. 相似文献
16.
Management and mitigation of sinkholes on karst lands: an overview of practical applications 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
When karst lands are developed for residential or commercial purposes, sinkholes are to be properly managed or mitigated.
This paper discusses various types of sinkholes and their possible formation mechanisms, presents some guidelines for sinkhole
management, and summarizes several engineering measures for sinkhole remediation. Because a sinkhole is often not an isolated
feature but a component of an integrated groundwater and surface water system, knowledge of the sinkhole geology and hydrology
is essential in selection of the proper management tools and remediation options. Adverse effects including flooding, additional
sinkholes, and groundwater contamination can result from poorly managed or improperly repaired sinkholes. 相似文献
17.
地下水多元示踪试验在岩溶隧道水害预测中的应用——以张吉怀高铁兰花隧道为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以张家界—吉首—怀化高速铁路兰花隧道为例,在岩溶水文地质调查基础上结合地下水多元示踪技术,查明了兰花隧道隧址区各岩溶地下水系统以及地下暗河管道的空间展布。结果表明:（1）兰花隧道及其附近区域全部为寒武系碳酸盐岩裸露区,以峰丛洼地为主,地表和地下岩溶极为发育;（2）兰花隧道隧址及其附近区域共发育有呆业洞和兰花洞两个独立的地下暗河系统,其中Ⅰ号、Ⅱ号、Ⅲ号三个岩溶水系统属于兰花洞地下暗河系统的子系统;Ⅳ号岩溶水系统属于呆业洞地下暗河系统;（3）Ⅳ号岩溶地下水系统在平面和剖面上都没有与兰花隧道相交,不会对隧道突涌水构成威胁;（4）兰花洞地下暗河系统以中部兰花洞暗河天窗为界分为上游和下游两段,上游段Ⅰ号和Ⅱ号岩溶水系统在平面和剖面上都没有与兰花隧道相交,不会对兰花隧道突涌水构成威胁;下游段Ⅲ号岩溶水系统在平面上与兰花隧道相交（交点里程为DK60+100）,可能存在隧道突涌水风险;（5）依据高分辨率降雨-水文动态监测数据,采用降雨入渗系数法预测在极端暴雨情况下兰花隧道揭露Ⅲ号岩溶管道的最大涌水量为7.08×104 m3?d-1。 相似文献
18.
More than 4,000 sinkholes have formed since the 1980s within a 60-km-long and 1-km-wide strip along the western coast of the Dead Sea (DS) in Israel. Their formation rate accelerated in recent years to >400 sinkholes per year. They cluster mostly in specific sites up to 1,000 m long and 200 m wide, which align parallel to the general direction of the fault systems associated with the DS Rift. The abrupt appearance of the sinkholes reflects changes to the groundwater regime around the shrinking DS. The eastward retreat of the shoreline and the lake-level drop (1 m/year in recent years) cause an eastward and downward migration of the fresh/saline groundwater interface. Consequently, a subsurface salt layer, which was previously enveloped by saline groundwater, is gradually being invaded and submerged by relatively fresh groundwater, and cavities form due to the rapid dissolution of the salt. Collapse of the overlying sediments into these cavities results in sinkholes at the surface. An association between sinkhole sites and land subsidence is revealed by interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) measurements. On a broad scale (hundreds of meters), subsidence occurs due to compaction of fine-grained sediments as groundwater levels decline along the retreating DS shoreline. At smaller scales (tens of meters), subsidence appears above subsurface cavities in association with the sinkholes, serving in many cases as sinkhole precursors, a few weeks to more than a year before their actual appearance at the surface. This paper overviews the processes of sinkhole formation and their relation to land subsidence. 相似文献
19.
贵州平寨水库左岸底层灌浆廊道大型充填溶洞及其形成机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
平寨水库坝址区以碳酸盐岩为主,岩溶较发育,水库左岸底层灌浆廊道大型充填溶洞,是水库地下工程施工开挖中揭露的规模最大、对水库渗漏影响最大、设计及施工处理难度最大的溶洞。本文以工程前期地质勘察工作为基础,在区域地貌、地质构造格局、地层岩性、地表及地下水系发育特征研究的基础上,结合工程防渗施工揭露的岩溶水文地质现象、洞穴充填物研究等,从可溶性岩层、地下水来源及运移途径、暗河冲刷与洞顶坍塌作用4个方面,对溶洞发育形成机制进行了研究。分析认为,鸡场背斜北西翼纵向张裂隙和横张裂隙及层间滑脱、断裂破碎带,为五里大洞鸡场洼地上坝洼地地下水向三岔河的径流提供了运移的原始空间与通道,形成溶洞的地下水为五里大洞鸡场洼地上坝洼地地下暗河,长期溶蚀作用使裂隙通道变为溶蚀宽缝并最终转化为岩溶管道,岩溶水沿此通道在左岸底层灌浆廊道桩号0+238～0+296m附近下中部岩体呈虹吸状循环,地下水的强烈冲刷与洞顶坍塌在溶洞形成过程中的作用巨大,后因深部径流条件改变,岩溶管道被逐渐堵塞,形成如今的大型充填溶洞。 相似文献
20.
F. Gutiérrez-Santolalla M. Gutiérrez-Elorza C. Marín G. Desir C. Maldonado 《Environmental Geology》2005,48(3):360-369
A highly active collapse sinkhole field in the evaporitic mantled karst of the Ebro river valley is studied (NE Spain). The subsidence is controlled by a NW-SE trending joint system and accelerated by the discharge of waste water from a nearby industrial state. The morphometry, spatial distribution and temporal evolution of the sinkholes have been analysed. The volume of the sinkholes yields a minimum estimate of average lowering of the surface by collapse subsidence of 46 cm. The clustering of the sinkholes and the tendency to form elongated uvalas and linear belts, in a NW–SE direction have a predictive utility and allow the establishment of criteria for a hazard zonation. With the precipitation record supplied by a pluviograph and periodic cartographic and photographic surveys the influence of heavy rainfall events on the triggering of collapses has been studied. 相似文献