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1.
本文将夏季气候平均的基本气流分解为正压和斜压分量,使用一个线性斜压模式,研究了不同斜压基本气流对热带西北太平洋地区初始气旋性环流扰动低频发展演变的重要作用.其中,控制试验较好地模拟出初始气旋扰动向西北方向传播、在西北太平洋季风槽附近停滞增强、在东亚地区出现经向波列和在南海到海洋大陆地区形成西北—东南向波列等特征.改变斜压分量的敏感性试验结果表明,正压基流不能为西传的初始扰动供给足够的能量;海陆热力差异引起东亚地区的纬向温度梯度和北风垂直切变,是东亚太平洋型经向波列形成和维持的重要因素;当基本气流中的斜压纬向偏差部分线性增大时,扰动的能量会呈e指数迅速增强,提示在气候变化的背景下,基本气流微小的改变可能带来天气或季节内扰动强度的剧烈响应. 相似文献
2.
基于前两部分的研究,第三部分从能量转换的角度揭示了风垂直切变对大气静力适应过程的影响.研究显示,对非静态等温大气,初始时刻加以有效势能和有效弹性势能的强迫后,风垂直切变改变了适应过程中扰动能量在各能量形式中的分配比例,这种作用随扰动尺度和时间的变化有显著差异,系统尺度越小影响越显著.比较东风急流模型和西风急流模型显示,负的风切变应力使得四类扰动能量谱随系统尺度的变化趋于平缓,使得微尺度和小尺度(中尺度)系统中扰动垂直动能(扰动水平动能)的比例随时间减小,正的风切变使得扰动能量谱随系统尺度的变化显现跳跃的特征,使得中尺度(微尺度和小尺度)系统中扰动垂直动能(扰动水平动能)的比例随时间减小.风垂直切变引起的动量通量输送是扰动能量与基本气流能量之间交换的通道,当风切变应力和动量输送方向相同时,风垂直切变使得能量向基本态转移,维持基本气流,削弱扰动能量,缩短静力适应过程的周期;当风切变应力和动量输送方向相反时,风垂直切变作用相反;此作用随着扰动尺度的变化差异明显. 相似文献
3.
使用美国台风联合中心(JTWC)的最佳路径资料对近50年(1961-2010年)海南岛至台湾岛之间的华南近海台风路径和强度做统计分析,得到台风增强的季节锁相时段.经过大气变量的物理分解,海陆分布热力强迫的季节风场揭示出:盛夏时节,东亚副热带季风槽位于沿江江南,华南近海盛行西南季风;中秋时节,东亚副热带季风槽南退到南海中部,对华南近海台风的增强没有影响;在夏末秋初的转换季节,东亚副热带季风槽正好位于华南近海,有些台风进入华南近海季风槽中就有可能增强,形成所谓的季节锁相. 相似文献
4.
《山西地震》1984,(1)
发 震 时 间D 震 甲 怔 置徽 级内蒙橙口新疆乌恰托云新疆呼图壁南新疆乌恰新疆乌恰台湾宜兰附近台湾苏澳云南景洪东北新疆阜康县青海格尔木西南台湾花莲以东侮中 9台湾苏澳东南海中新疆乌苏西南新疆若羌县东北台湾火岛附近巴土海峡台湾花莲东北悔中 P 9黑龙江东宁附近青海乌兰乌拉湖南山东菏泽新疆乌鲁木齐南径 度106050175.2”86.7”75.2。75.2”12卫.9”12豆.7”107”07’88.6”92”00’122.广122.1”122.3”84.0”90.0”121.2”121.0“122.0”122.0”122.1”131.0” 90.9”115”36187.5”一九八三年全国Ms≥5.0级… 相似文献
5.
在位涡的基础上,考虑散度效应,把水平风矢量旋转90°后的旋度在广义位温梯度方向上的投影定义为位势散度,并把其二阶扰动量定义为位势散度波作用密度,该波作用密度代表扰动热量的扰动输送,与位势稳定度的发展演变有关.登陆台风Morakot(2009)的诊断分析表明,在台风登陆台湾岛,进入台湾海峡和登陆大陆三个阶段,波作用密度高值区与大陆和台湾降水区相重叠,扰动热量的扰动输送显著;在前两个阶段,大陆和台湾降水区波作用密度逐渐增大,扰动热量的扰动输送逐步增强;在台风登陆福建霞浦市后,大陆地区波作用密度减小,扰动热量的扰动输送减弱.在影响波作用密度局地变化的诸多物理因素中,扰动非地转风位涡项是主要强迫项.统计分析表明,波作用密度与观测降水有一定的相关性,据此发展了位势散度波作用密度降水预报方程,其本质是数值模式预报资料的动力延伸释用,预报应用表明,利用24 h模式预报场计算的波作用密度降水能够较好地再现观测降水的落区,对台风Morakot引发的暴雨有一定的预报技巧. 相似文献
6.
夏季东亚和印度热带季风环流系统动能和对流扰动的纬向传播特征 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
使用1980~1997年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料及日本的TBB/GMS资料讨论了亚洲季风系统中印度和东亚两个子系统中热带季风变化(扰动)源地及变化后的纬向传播特性. 18a的结果表明, 在夏季热带季风主体的5º~15ºN范围内, 东亚夏季风系统中纬向风虽然为西风, 但绝大多数动能扰动和对流扰动均起源于140º~150ºE, 向西经南海传播到孟加拉湾(90º~100ºE). 而在印度夏季风系统中, 18a中有12a动能扰动起源于阿拉伯海向东传播到孟加拉湾, 东端抵达90ºE, 其余年份并无明显东西向传播特征. 因而, 在亚洲5º~15ºN夏季风主体区域内, 虽然均由西南季风控制, 但存在传播特性相反的东亚和印度两个子系统, 两个系统交界约在90º~95ºE, 比过去提出的交界经度105ºE更偏西一些. 以上结果也表明东亚夏季风环流系统在东西方向上主要受热带西太平洋影响而不是受来自孟加拉湾的印度季风影响. 相反, 印度季风环流系统除了受阿拉伯海影响外还部分受东亚季风系统影响. 相似文献
7.
《中国科学:地球科学》2015,(12)
利用海表漂流浮标观测和高分辨率数值模式的示踪粒子试验,研究了黑潮在台湾东北入侵东海的路径及其季节变化规律.通过分析1989~2013年的海表漂流浮标数据,发现黑潮在台湾东北的表层入侵存在两条明显的路径:一条为沿台湾岛北岸的西北向入侵,另一条为陆坡转折附近的直接入侵;前者主要在冬季出现,而后者则全年都存在.高分辨率数值模式的示踪粒子试验印证了表面漂流浮标观测的结果,同时揭示了黑潮入侵的三维结构,给出了黑潮次表层水入侵的路径、特征和可能成因. 相似文献
8.
长江和淮河流域汛期洪涝大气环流特征的比较 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用1990~2010年我国756站汛期(6~7月)逐日降水资料及NCEP逐日再分析资料,选取了这21年间分别发生在我国长江及淮河流域洪涝的典型年份,进行了汛期大气环流场及物理量场的合成分析,结果表明:长江与淮河流域汛期洪涝年的大气环流及物理量场有很大差异.在长江流域汛期洪涝年,南亚高压中心偏东,乌拉尔山及鄂霍次克海区域上空维持着阻塞高压系统,梅雨锋维持在30°N附近;而在淮河流域洪涝年,南亚高压中心位置偏西,北半球中高纬大气环流呈经向型,梅雨锋维持在33°N附近.此外,长江与淮河流域汛期洪涝的水汽来源及输送也有很大不同,长江流域汛期洪涝的水汽输送气流有两支,分别是来自孟加拉湾的西南气流和我国南海季风,这两支气流在我国长江流域上空交汇;而淮河流域汛期洪涝的两支水汽输送气流分别是我国东南洋面上的东南季风及我国南海季风,这两支季风气流在我国淮河流域上空交汇. 相似文献
9.
通过一系列的理想数值试验,研究了亚、非地区热带次尺度的海陆分布和青藏高原大地形在亚洲夏季风形成中的作用.试验结果显示：海陆分布的存在以及海陆分布的几何形状对亚洲夏季风的形成有非常重要的影响.下垫面全是海洋,没有陆地时,无季风现象的存在.当仅有副热带大尺度陆地,而缺乏南亚次尺度陆地和非洲大陆热带陆地时,夏季无明显的越赤道气流,仅在欧亚副热带陆地的东南部有弱的季风,无印度、孟加拉湾和南海夏季风.中南半岛、印度半岛和非洲大陆热带陆地的存在,在夏季引导南半球的东南信风越赤道转向为西南气流,使得南海的北部、中南半岛、孟加拉湾和印度半岛、阿拉伯海上空的低层为强西南气流控制,印度、孟加拉湾和南海夏季风产生.副热带陆地向热带的深入对副热带陆上产生夏季强对流性降水起着至关重要的作用.青藏高原的存在加强了高原东侧的季风,使得季风区向北发展,青藏高原对东亚季风起放大器的作用;减弱了高原西侧的季风,使得季风区向南收缩. 相似文献
10.
11.
Evolution of an anticyclonic eddy southwest of Taiwan 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
Tingting Zu Dongxiao Wang Changxiang Yan Igor Belkin Wei Zhuang Ju Chen 《Ocean Dynamics》2013,63(5):519-531
Satellite images of sea-surface temperature, surface chlorophyll a concentration, and sea-level anomaly, together with ocean reanalysis data of Asia and Indian–Pacific Ocean (AIPOcean1.0), are utilized to study the three-dimensional characteristics and evolution of an anticyclonic warm eddy adjacent to the southwest coast of Taiwan during October and November 2006. Originated from the Kuroshio intrusion in the Luzon Strait, but unlike previously found westward moving anticyclonic eddies (AE) in the northeastern South China Sea, this AE was so close to the Taiwan coast and stayed where it was formed for over 1 month until it dissipated. Energy analysis is utilized to study the evolution process of the AE, and it shows that the barotropic instability (BTI) and baroclinic instability introduced by the Kuroshio intrusion flow appear to be the main energy sources for the AE. Periodical enhancement/relaxation of local northeasterly monsoon and its associated negative wind stress curl modify the current patterns in this region, reinforce the intraseasonal variability of the Kuroshio intrusion flow, and act together with Kuroshio to form the AE. Eddies detected from AIPOcean1.0 data also show that AEs are most likely to be generated southwest of Taiwan during the transition period of summer monsoon to winter monsoon, and generally, the BTI of Kuroshio intrusion contributes more than the direct wind stress work to the increase of the eddy kinetic energy for the generation and growth of the AEs. 相似文献
12.
R. G. Dzhamalov N. L. Frolova A. V. Stanovova G. N. Krichevets Chung-Ho Wang Kuo-Chin Hsu Feng-Sheng Chiu Cheng-Haw Lee Ming-Chee Wu 《Water Resources》2012,39(5):610-621
The dynamics of climate and runoff characteristics are studied in the territories of Kamchatka Peninsula and Taiwan Island, which are situated in the influence zone of monsoon circulation. Long-term variations in the temperature, precipitation, and runoff are examined in Kamchatka and Taiwan for the weather and gauging stations with the longest observation series to analyze new climate conditions of water resources generation. 相似文献
13.
The intra-seasonal variation of the Kuroshio southeast of Taiwan has been studied using satellite data and a numerical model.
Superimposed with the main stream of the Kuroshio, two intra-seasonal signals are revealed in the study region. The fluctuation
with a period of 1–6 months results from offshore eddies. The westward propagating cyclonic eddies can reduce or reverse the
northward flow east of the Kuroshio between 121° and 123° E, but only slightly touch the core velocity of the Kuroshio. The
fluctuation with a period of 2–4 weeks is only significant between Taiwan and the Lan-Yu Island (the low-velocity region).
Different mechanisms are responsible for the fluctuation in the low-velocity region in different seasons. In winter, the change
of negative wind stress curl in the northeastern South China Sea modulates the circulation southeast of Taiwan, while the
typhoon-induced intense wind is responsible for the current fluctuation in summer. 相似文献
14.
Stable isotopic compositions (δ18O and d-excess) from 25 rivers in Thailand were analysed monthly during 2013–2015. Results indicated that monsoon precipitation fundamentally influences the river isotopes. The overland flow supplied from monsoon precipitation and human-altered flow regimes produces considerable isotopic variability. Spatial and temporal variations were observed among four principal geographical regions. The seasonality of monsoon precipitation in mountainous Thailand produced large variations in isotopic compositions because most rainfall occurred during the southwest monsoon, and dry conditions prevailed during the northeast monsoon. The northern and northeastern regions are mountainous, highland areas. Low δ18O values were found in these regions, likely because of altitude effects on precipitation. Conversely, monsoonal precipitation continually supplies rivers in southern Thailand all year round, producing higher and more consistent δ18O values than in the other regions. The Chao Phraya plain in the central region experienced enrichment of δ18O river runoff related to evaporation in irrigation systems. Larger catchment areas and longer residence times resulted in more pronounced evaporation effects, producing lower values of d-excess and local river water line slopes compared with precipitation. The isotopic differences between river waters and precipitation were utilized to determine river recharge elevations and water transit time. The methods presented here can be used to explore hydrological interactions in other tropical river basins. 相似文献
15.
本文在简要地论述了台湾岛及其周围地区的地质构造、重力异常、地壳结构和地震活动等特征的基础上划分了地震构造带,对台湾岛上7级以上强震的发震构造条件作了初步讨论,最后用板块构造观点探讨了本区地震的构造成因 相似文献
16.
Crustal movement and deformation in Taiwan and its coastal area 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Introduction Both Taiwan Island and Chinese mainland belong to Eurasian plate in geological structure. And the nearest distance between Taiwan Island and Fujian Province, which is located on the opposite coast, is only 130 km. Although there are high-precision GPS networks in both Taiwan and Fujian Province, joint GPS measurement cannot be made directly because of the inconvenient contact due to the strait between them. However, the GPS networks arranged on b… 相似文献
17.
Stable isotopic characteristic of Taiwan's precipitation: A case study of western Pacific monsoon region 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Tsung-Ren Peng Chung-Ho Wang Chi-Chao Huang Li-Yuan Fei Chen-Tung Arthur Chen Jeen-Lian Hwong 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2010,289(3-4):357-366
The stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopic features of precipitation in Taiwan, an island located at the western Pacific monsoon area, are presented from nearly 3,500 samples collected during the past decade for 20 stations. Results demonstrate that moisture sources from diverse air masses with different isotopic signals are the main parameter in controlling the precipitation's isotope characteristics. The air mass from polar continental (Pc) region contributes the precipitation with high deuterium excess values (up to 23‰) and relatively enriched isotope compositions (e.g., ? 3.2‰ for δ18O) during the winter with prevailing northeasterly monsoon. By contrast, air masses from equatorial maritime (Em) and tropical maritime (Tm) supply the precipitation with low deuterium excess values (as low as about 7‰) and more depleted isotope values (e.g., ? 8.9‰ and ? 6.0‰ for δ18O of Tm and Em, respectively) during the summer with prevailing southwesterly monsoon. Thus seasonal differences in terms of δ18O, δD, and deuterium excess values are primarily influenced by the interactions among various precipitation sources. While these various air masses travel through Taiwan, secondary evaporation effects further modify the isotope characteristics of the inland precipitation, such as raindrop evaporation (reduces the deuterium excess of winter precipitation) and moisture recycling (increases the deuterium excess of summer precipitation). The semi-quantitative estimations in terms of evaluation for changes in the deuterium excess suggest that the raindrop evaporation fractions for winter precipitation range 7% to 15% and the proportions of recycling moisture in summer precipitation are less than 5%. Additionally, the isotopic altitude gradient in terms of δ18O for summer precipitation is ? 0.22‰/100 m, greater than ? 0.17‰/100 m of winter precipitation. The greater isotopic gradient in summer can be attributed to a higher temperature vs. altitude gradient relative to winter. The observed spatial and seasonal stable isotopic characteristics in Taiwan's precipitation not only contribute valuable information for regional monsoon research crossing the continent–ocean interface of East Asia, but also can serve as very useful database for local water resources management. 相似文献
18.
The concentrations of ten trace metals were determined in the gills, muscles, hepatopancreas, and exoskeleton tissues of Xenograpsus testudinatus that lives around shallow and acidic hydrothermal vents off Kueishan Island, northeastern Taiwan. The analytical results demonstrate that the metal concentrations vary significantly with the type of crab tissue. The concentrations of Al, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, and Zn are highest in the gills, whereas the concentration of Mn is highest in the exoskeleton. Cr and Pb concentrations are similar across the different tissues. The enhanced accumulation of most metals in the gills suggests the metal accumulation via the respiration pathway rather than the uptake of food. The results also reveal that the distribution patterns of metals in tissues are similar in the hepatopancreas and muscles, but very different in both the gills and the exoskeleton, perhaps because of the different pathways of metal utilization in the different crab tissues. 相似文献
19.
《Marine pollution bulletin》2012,64(5-12):396-401
The concentrations of ten trace metals were determined in the gills, muscles, hepatopancreas, and exoskeleton tissues of Xenograpsus testudinatus that lives around shallow and acidic hydrothermal vents off Kueishan Island, northeastern Taiwan. The analytical results demonstrate that the metal concentrations vary significantly with the type of crab tissue. The concentrations of Al, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, and Zn are highest in the gills, whereas the concentration of Mn is highest in the exoskeleton. Cr and Pb concentrations are similar across the different tissues. The enhanced accumulation of most metals in the gills suggests the metal accumulation via the respiration pathway rather than the uptake of food. The results also reveal that the distribution patterns of metals in tissues are similar in the hepatopancreas and muscles, but very different in both the gills and the exoskeleton, perhaps because of the different pathways of metal utilization in the different crab tissues. 相似文献