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1.
Firstly, the macroscopic chemical equilibrium state of a series of chemical reactions between intercrystal brine and its media salt layer （salt deposit） in Qarhan Salt Lake was studied by using the Pitzer theory. The concept of macroscopic solubility product and its relation with accumulated ore dissolving ratio were presented, which are used in the numerical model of dissolving and driving exploitation of potassium salt in Qarhan Salt Lake. And secondly, with a model forming idea of transport model for reacting solutes in the multi-component fresh groundwater system in porous media being a reference, a two-dimensional transport model coupled with a series of chemical reactions in a multi-component brine porous system （salt deposits） was developed by using the Pitzer theory. Meanwhile, the model was applied to model potassium/magnesium transport in Qarhan Salt Lake in order to study the transfer law of solid and liquid phases in the dissolving and driving process and to design the optimal injection/abstraction strategy for dissolving and capturing maximum Potassium/ Magnesium in the mining of salt deposits in Qarhan Salt Lake. 相似文献
2.
正Salt Lake brine pump is one of the key equipment in salt lake brine extraction device.As the salt lake brine is a kind of high concentration solution with a variety of chemical constituents,the flow and agitation of saturated 相似文献
3.
《《地质学报》英文版》1986,(3)
The Qarhan potash-magnesium salt deposit, which consists from east to west of four playa districts, namely Huobuxun, Qarhan, Dabuxun and Bieletan, may be divided from bottom to top into three salt beds(S_1, S_2 and S_3), with potash salts mainly occurring in S_3. The paper lays emphasis on the evolutionary history of the deposition of Salt Bed S_3 and the modes of formation of potash salts in the Qarhan playa.The analysis of the data obtained from more than 170 boreholes and the geochemical studies on bromine, magnesium and calcium reveal the existence of four concentration stages and three dilution stages during the ormation of the Upper Salt Bed S_3. In the process of concentration, evaporation of brine and precipitation of salt minerals dominated, which obeyed the regularity indicated by the phase diagram of the quaternary system Mg-Na-K/Cl~-H_2O. In the dilution stages, however, mixing of brines, dissolution of salts(especially the playa) and mechanical clastic deposition played the leading role. The prerequisite for mixing in the Qarhan salt deposit lies in that chloride type brine of the northeastern part coexists with magnesium sulfate type brine of the southwestern part in the same salt lake. The appearance of bassanite has verified the process of mixing. The dissolution refers to the partial dissolution of the salt beds originally deposited. Particularly in the last dilution process, approximately 200 km~2 of the playa north of the Tuanjie Lake had been dissolved before a new-born lake took form.Solid potash salts were formed in three ways:(1) The surficial brine of the Dabuxun lake coexistent with the playa had an intercompensational relationship with the intercrystalline brine in the playa. As a result, K~+ ions were collected into the lake, and layered Carnallite precipitated from lake brine during the seasons of evaporation, which was accelerated by the action of wind.(2) Disseminated potash-magnesium salts were formed by further concentration of intercrystalline brine.(3) Dissolution and reformation of the playa resultedin the formation of a new-born salt lake, in the drying of which brine collected the potash-magnesium salts originally dispersed over the playa into local low-lying areas, forming finally stratoid potash-magnesium salts. 相似文献
4.
Progress and Prospects of Salt Lake Research in China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
ZHENG Mianping ZHANG Zhen KONG Weigang and LIN Yongjie ZHANG Yongsheng LIU Xifang NIE Zhen KONG Fanjing QI Wen Jia Qingxian PU Linzhong HOU Xianhu WANG Hailei 《《地质学报》英文版》2016,90(4):1195-1235
China has unique salt lake resources, and they are distributed in the east of Eurasian salt lake subzone of the Northern Hemisphere Salt Lake Zone, mainly concentrated in the regions with modern mean annual precipitation lower than 500 mm. This paper preliminarily reviews the progress made in salt lake research in China for the past 60 years. In the research of Paleoclimate and paleoenvironment from salt lake sediments, a series of salts have been proposed to be indicators of paleoclimate, and have been well accepted by scholars. The chloride-sulfate depositional regions of the west Qaidam and the east Tarim have been revealed to be the drought center of China since the Quaternary, and more than 6 spreading stages of arid climate(salt forming) have been identified. Five pan-lake periods with highstands have been proved to exist during the late Quaternary on the Tibetan Plateau. In mineral resource prospecting and theories of the forming of salt deposits: the atlas(1:2500000) of hydrochemical zoning of salt lakes on the Tibetan Plateau has been compiled for the first time, revealing the zonal distribution and transition from carbonate type to chloride type from south to north and presenting corresponding mineral assemblages for different type of salt lakes; several large continental salt deposits have been discovered and the theory of continental potash deposition has been developed, including the salt deposition in deep basins surrounded by high mountains, the mineral deposition from multistage evolution through chains of moderate or shallow lakes with multilevels, the origin of potassium rich brines in gravel layers, and the forming of potassium deposits through the inheriting from ancient salt deposits, thus establishing the framework of "Continental Potash Deposition Theory"; several new types of Mg-borate deposits have been discovered, including the ulexite and pinnoite bed in Da Qaidam Lake, Qinghai, the pinnoite and kurnakovite bed in Chagcam Caka, Tibet, the kurnakovite bed in Lake Nyer, and the corresponding model of borate deposition from the cooling and dissolution of boron rich brines was proposed based on principles of geology, physics and chemistry. The anti-floatation-cold crystallization method developed independently has improved the capacity of KCl production to 3 million tons per year for the Qarham, serving the famous brand of potash fertilizer products. One 1.2 million ton K-sulfate production line, the biggest in the world, has been built in Lop Nor, and K-sulfate of about 1.6 million tons was produced in 2015. Supported by the new technology, i.e. brine preparation in winter-cooling-solarization-isolation-lithium deposition from salt gradient solar pond" the highest lithium production base at Zabuye Lake(4421 m), Tibet, has been established, which is the first lithium production base in China that reaches the year production of 5000 tons of lithium carbonate. The concept of Salt lake agriculture(Salt land agriculture) has been established based on the mass growth of Dunaliella and other bacillus-algae and the occurrence of various halophytes in saltmarsh and salt saline-alkali lands, finding a new way to increase arable lands and develop related green industry in salt rich environments. Finally this paper presents some new thoughts for the further research and development on salt science, and the further progress in salt science and technology will facilitate the maturing of the interdisciplinary science "Salinology". 相似文献
5.
The purpose of this paper is to discuss from a hydrechemieal and physieochemieal view point the formation of reeent potash deposits in a salt lake lying in a Quarternary depression of a certain basin in China. Its surface brine, which varies seasonally and annually in composition, is of MgSO4 subtype and is highly mineralized with a low metamorphic eoefficient (MgSO4/MgCl2= 0.029). These deposits are distributed at the northern and northeastern banks of the lake, far away from riverwater supply. Mineralogical composition of the deposits is quite simple, eonsisting mainly of halits and earnallites. The formation of natural potash took place as the eoncentration of surface brine reached a certain point during evaporation. Rate of precipitation, eomposition and grain size of the carnallite sediment are largely dependent upon ebanges in brine concentration. The presenee of these recent potash deposits in present-day basins and continental salt lakes demonstrates that continental salt-bearing basins should likewise be taken as promising areas for aneient potassium salt prospecting. 相似文献
6.
DING Ting LIU Chenglin GUO Fusheng ZHAO Yanjun WANG Mingquan CHEN Liuqin 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(3):801-808
Sichuan Basin is one of the most important marine–salt forming basins in China. The Simian and Triassic have a large number of evaporites. The Triassic strata have found a large amount of polyhalite and potassium-rich brine. However, no soluble potassium salt deposit were found. In this study, the halite in well Changping 3 which is located at the eastern part of the Sichuan basin was studied using the characteristics, hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of the fluid inclusion in halite to reconstruct the paleoenvironment. The salt rocks in well Changping 3 can be divided into two types: grey salt rock and orange salt rock. The result shows that the isotopic composition of the halite fluid inclusion is distinct from the global precipitation line reflecting that the salt formation process is under strong evaporation conditions and the climate is extremely dry. At the same time, compared with the hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of brine in the Sichuan Basin and the hydrous isotope composition of the inclusions in the salt inclusions of other areas in China, it is shown that the evaporation depth of the ancient seawater in the Sichuan Basin was high and reached the precipitation of potassium and magnesium stage. 相似文献
7.
WANG Mili LIU Chenglin JIAO Pengcheng YANG Zhichen Institute of Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Baiwanzhuang Ro Beijing Department of Environment Physical Geography School of Environment Peking University Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2005,79(1):53-65
Located in the eastern part of the Tarim basin, Xinjiang, the Lop Nur was an ultimate water catchment area of the Tarim basin during the Quaternary. Through nearly ten years of investigation and research, the authors have found a superlarge brine potash deposit in the Luobei subbasitv—a secondary basin of the Lop Nur depression. The deposit has been mined now. On that basis, the authors propose new theories on the genesis of the potash rock deposit. In the tectonic and geomorphologic contexts, the Tarim basin lies in a “high mountain-deep basin” environment. At the beginning of the Quaternary, influenced by the neotectonic movement, the Lop Nur evolved into a “deep basin” in the Tarim basin. At the end of the middle Pleistocene, neotectonic migration began to take place in the interior of the Lop Nur and a new secondary deep basin—the Luobei subbasin—formed gradually. Despite its small area, it is actually the deepest subbasin in the Lop Nur depression, where brines of the Lop Nur Salt Lake gather and evaporate, thus providing materials for the formation of a superlarge brine potash rock deposit. With respect to the phenomenon of brine concentration and change with deepening of the lake, the authors propose a model of “high mountain-deep basin” tectonic migration for potash concentration. In the sedimentological context, the honeycomb-shaped voids developed in glauberite rock in the subbasin are good space for potash-rich brine accumulation. Study indicates that the deposition of glauberite requires recharge of calcium-rich water.In the Tarim area the calcium-rich water might come from deep formation water or oilfield water, and the river water recharging the Lop Nur Salt Lake was rich in sulfate radicals and other components; in addition, the climate in the area was very dry and the brine evaporated steadily, thus resulting in deposition of substantial amount of glauberite, potash accumulation in intercrystal brine and final formation of the potash deposit. Generally, potash formation in a salt lake undergoes a three-stage process of “carbonates→sulfates (gypsum and glauberite)→chlorides (halite etc.)”, but in the study area there only occurred a two-stage process of “carbonates→sulfates (gypsum and glauberite)”. The authors call this new geological phenomenon the “two-stage potash formation” model. In conclusion, the superlarge Lop Nur potash deposit is the result of combined “high mountain-deep basin” tectonism and “two-stage potash formation”. 相似文献
8.
In the geological evolution of the Tarim Basin, many transgressions and relictions happened. So there have been plentiful sources of salt. Moreover, because of uttermost drought, a lot of salt has been deposited. It is possible to find potash salt in this area. In our fieldwork, we have found salt and brine in western Tarim Basin. Based on a geological survey and the characteristics of sedimentary facies and paleogeography, this paper deals with the geochemical parameters and discusses the possibility of formation of potash salt in terms of the chemical analyses of samples collected from western Tarim Basin. Results of brine analysis lead to some conclusions: most of these salt brines have eluviated from very thick halite beds, mainly chloridetype salt and this kind of halite does not reach the stage of potash deposition in all aspects; WKSL (Wukeshalu) occupies a noticeable place, and we should attach importance to this district because there have been some indicators of the occurrence of potash deposits as viewed from the contents of Br and K. Finally, low Br contents are recognized in the Tarim Basin as a result of salt aggradation, and this point of view has been proved by the results of this experiment and the data available. It cannot depend upon the index of Br to judge the evolution stage of halite. We must look for other facies of potash except marine facies. 相似文献
9.
正Objective Lop Nur is one of the world's largest Quaternary salt lakes and is currently a playa. In this lake, unique giant glauberite deposits occur, of which the intercrystalline pores host super-large liquid potash deposits. Recently, it has been thought that the potassium-rich brine was formed when the enormous quantity of glauberite deposited. To clarify this issue 14 C dating for brine is used to provide new evidence of chronology illustrating the relationship of potassium-rich brine with the host glauberite rock and improve our understanding of the formation mechanism of the brine in Lop Nur playa. 相似文献
10.
正1 Introduction Yuncheng Salt Lake is an old lake with a history of more than 5000 years,which locates in the margins of the central plains of China,with an area of about 130 km.It was an important resource of salt for human consumption from early times.Major chemicals in Yuncheng Salt Lake contain Na Cl,Na2SO4 and Mg SO4(Gao et al.2007).In recent years,some halophilic bacteria and archaea were 相似文献
11.
ZHANG Bing YANG Kai WANG Xuben XU Zhengqi YANG Hongyu ZHANG Saimin CHEN Jinchao ZHANG Mingming LIU Wei 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(6):2233-2250
Potassium-rich brine in the Sichuan Basin has been much studied in recent years, but few studies have focused on the distribution and migration of salt basin and the differences of potassium formation mechanisms. This work examined the salt-gathering and potassium formation of potassium-rich brine during the Triassic in the Sichuan Basin using lithofacies palaeogeographic depiction and geochemical analyses. (1) The favorable sedimentary facies controlling the formation of potassium-rich brine during the Triassic in the Sichuan Basin are evaporation platform and restricted platform, whereas the salt basin is one of the main factors controlling the poly-salt center. (2) The distribution and migration of this salt basin were affected by certain factors. The salt basin of the Jialingjiang Formation was mainly distributed in the east and central Sichuan Basin, whereas that of the Leikoupo Formation was mainly distributed in the central and west Sichuan Basin. The sedimentary centers have gradually moved westward and become smaller. (3) Three main formation mechanisms were identified for the potassium-rich brine during the Triassic in the Sichuan Basin, i.e., evaporation and concentration of seawater, surface fresh water leaching, and deep water-rock reaction. Fresh water leaching was characterized by low anomaly δ18O and δ13C values. Water-rock reaction was mainly related to temperature, and high temperature environment (caused by burial depth, overthrust and deep hydrothermal fluids) was beneficial to water-rock reaction. The characteristics of water-rock reaction do not correspond to the increase ratio of K?103/Cl and Br?103/Cl in brine, and the Rb+ content of the brine was high. (4) The formation mechanisms of potassium-rich brine differed between different areas of the Sichuan Basin. In east Sichuan, the evaporation and concentration of seawater, together with meteoric fresh water leaching, was the main formation factor, whereas the evaporation and concentration of seawater and water–rock reaction predominated in west Sichuan. This study of the sedimentary environment and formation mechanisms is of significance to the exploration and exploitation of potassium-rich brine in the Sichuan Basin. 相似文献
12.
正1 Introduction The northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(NE QTP),located at a triple junction of influences of the Asian summer monsoon,westerly jet stream and Siberian high,is of considerable significance with regard to regional responses to global climate change.Qarhan Salt Lake is the largest playa located in the central eastern 相似文献
13.
For the iron deposits occurring in andesitic volcaic rocks of the Lower Yangtze Area.the genetic model for porphyrite iron deposits was proposed by chinese geologists more than ten years ago on the basis of their detailed studies in the Nanjing-Wuhu Basin.It comprises a set of deposits of different genetic types ranging from late magmatic segregation ,ore-magma injection,pneumato-hydatogenetic replacing and hydrothermal filling as well as sedimentary origin.The deposits are closely connected with the gabbro-diorite porphyrite subvolcanic intrusive bodies both in space and in genesis.Miner4alization and wall-rock alteration are consistent with the history of the magmatic evolution.Geochemical studies on trace elements and S,O,Sr isotopes have proved that the porphyrite iron deposits are of magmatic origin,The proposed model may be applied to iron ores associated with andesitic volcanites,for example,in Chile,Mexico,Pakistan,Turkey,etc. 相似文献
14.
Fractal and Multifractal Modeling of Hydrothermal Mineral Deposit Spectrum： Application to Gold Deposits in Abitibi Area, Ontario, Canada 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
ChengQiuming 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2003,14(3):199-206
A number of fractal/multifractal methods are introduced for quantifying the mineral de-lmsit spectrum which include a number-size, grade-tonnage model, power spectrmn model,multi-fractal model and an eigeavalue spectrmn model The first two models characterize mineral deposits spec-tra based on relationships among the measures of mineral deposits.These include the number of deposits,size of deposits,concentration and volume of mineral deposits.The last three methods that deal with the spatial-temporal spectra of mineral deposit studies are all expected to be popularized in near future.A case study of hydrothermal gold deposits from the Abitibi area,a world-class mineral district is used to demonstrate the principle as well as the applications of methods proposed in this paper,It has been shown that fractal and multifractal models are generally applicable to modeling of mineral deposits and occurrences.Clusters of mineral deposits were identified by several methods including the power spectral eral deposits in the Timmins and Kirkland Lake camps. 相似文献
15.
正Introduction The amount of the total dissolved salts(TDS)in most of the salt brines on northern Tibet is relatively lower.So the effective brine concentration technique is needed for lithium,boron and potassium extraction from these brine 相似文献
16.
The mechanism that controls regional mineralization must be governed by a series of geochemical reactions in relation to the source system of magmatism.In this respect,the geological bodies must have been overprinted by various kinds of tracers in terms of either chemical elements or isotopes.For this reason,the problem may be better approached by treating the lithosphere as a whole with due considerations given to the various tracer elements and isotopes and the various media of the magmatism(magmatic as well as sedimentary rocks).Presented in this paper are the results of this attempt based on a great wealth of available data concerning the source system of Mesozoic magmatism in the Middle and Lower Yangtze Valleys and adjacent areas. 相似文献
17.
WEI Dongyan DENG Xiaolin LIU Zhenmin YANG GengshengGeological Institute for Chemical Minerals Zhuozhou Hebei 《《地质学报》英文版》2000,74(3):613-617
A water/salt system in an evaporative environment is both a physicochemical region and a biological one. All the parameters of the system, such as the salinity, temperature and CO2 partial pressure, are affected by halo-philic bacteria. The system controls salt deposition but is modified by an accompanying ecological system; therefore it should be called a water/salt/biological system. Salt minerals result from accumulation of the remains of bacteria/algae, namely, bacteria/algae formation; whereas biological, biophysical and biochemical processes provide full evidence for organic involvement. Consequently, salt deposits should not be called purely chemical but biological/chemical ones. This new argument supplements and develops the traditional idea and helps perfect the mineralization theory of salts and even general deposits, thus giving guidance to prospecting for salt deposits. 相似文献
18.
LIU Chenglin JIAO Pengcheng Lü Fenglin WANG Yongzhi SUN Xiaohong ZHANG Hu WANG Licheng YAO Fojun 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(6):2030-2047
Potash deposits commonly accumulate in highly restricted settings at the final stage of brine evaporation. This does not mean that potash deposits are formed simply as a result of the evaporation concentration of seawater or lake water, but rather as a coupling result of particular provenance, tectonics and climate activities. In this paper, we focus on the formative mechanism of the potash deposits of Lop Nur depression in Tarim Basin to interpret the detailed coupling mechanism among provenance, tectonics and climate. In terms of the provenance of Lop Nur Lake, the water of the Tarim River which displays “potassium-rich” characteristics play an important role. In addition, the Pliocene and Lower-Middle Pleistocene clastic beds surrounding Lop Nur Lake host a certain amount of soluble potassium and thus serves as “source beds” for potash formation. During the late Pliocene, the Lop Nur region has declined and evolved into a great lake from the previous piedmont and diluvial fan area. Since the mid Pleistocene, the great-united Lop Nur Lake has been separated and has generated a chain system consisting of Taitema Lake, Big Ear Lake and Luobei Lake which has turned into the deepest sag in Lop Nur Lake. Dry climate in Lop Nur region has increased since the Pliocene, and became extreme at the late Pleistocene. The study implies that potash formation in Lop Nur Lake depends on the optimal combination of extreme components of provenance, tectonics and climate during a shorter-term period. The optimal patterns of three factors are generally characterized by the long-term accumulation and preliminary enrichment of potassium, the occurrence of the deepest sub-depression and the appearance of an extremely arid climate in Lop Nur region. These factors have been interacting synergistically since the forming of the saline lake and in the later stages strong “vapor extraction” caused by extremely arid climate is needed to trigger large scale mineralization of potash deposits. 相似文献
19.
正1 Introduction Salt Lake,as a kind of chemical resources,has been attracted to many researchers,especially the resources of lithium.As reported,many kinds of brines exist in the world depending on the compositions of the brine.Based on the chemical composition the brines can be classified as the types of chloride,carbonate,sulfate.For different 相似文献
20.
正Lithium is an important element with a wide variety of applications,especially in lithium ion batteries and in the exploration of nuclear energy.Salt lake brine is the most abundant lithium source available in world,comp-rising70%~80%of all known lithium deposits.Lithium can be abstracted from brines with low magnesium content and processed into kinds of lithium compound in Atacama and Hombre Muerto of South America(Nie et al.,2013). 相似文献