共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
The results of model calculations and experimental research of turbulent jet propagation in a stratified environment with
reference to the Sand Island wastewater outfall (Hawaii) are considered. The jet’s emergence and initial dilution were estimated
on the basis of model calculations and experimental data of the stratified environment characteristics in 2003–2004. The reason
for the appearance of the bidirectional quasi-isopycnic structure in the waste and ocean water mixing area was clarified,
and an analysis of the TS index was carried out. The jet’s features as calculated from the model and obtained from measurements with hydrophysical
and hydrooptical instrumentation were found to closely correspond. The effects of the tides and hydrophysical conditions on
the waste water’s turbulent jet characteristics (the jet’s floating-up depth level) have been revealed. The outcomes of the
study corroborate the efficiency of the model as a tool for research of deep outfall turbulent jet propagation in the stratified
environment of coastal water areas. 相似文献
2.
E. V. Ezhova D. A. Sergeev A. A. Kandaurov Yu. I. Troitskaya 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2012,48(4):409-417
The nonsteady dynamics of turbulent axially symmetrical jets in stratified fluid with a great density gradient (pycnocline) is studied in laboratory experiments in the large test reservoir with artificial temperature stratification at the Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences (IAP RAS) simulating wastewater flows from underwater collectors in coastal cities. An underwater survey of jets in the pycnocline region has been carried out along with synchronous measurements of internal waves. It is shown that a jet quasiperiodically oscillates in a vertical plane, thus effectively generating internal waves when interacting with the pycnocline. It is ascertained that the axially symmetrical mode of jet oscillations is a source of internal waves. 相似文献
3.
采用激光诱导荧光技术(laser induced fluorescence-LIF)对同向流动环境中具有不同喷口高宽比(aspect ratio-AR)、射流比(velocity ratio-VR)的椭圆喷口射流与圆喷口射流的标量物质浓度场进行可视化和定量化研究。系统研究了同向流动环境中椭圆喷口射流浓度场的各种掺混稀释特性:中心线稀释度,射流扩展宽度,下游不同断面上的时均浓度分布和紊动强度分布。采用紊流理论和量纲分析方法对实验数据进行分析讨论,给出同向流动环境中受动量控制的椭圆射流稀释度预报方法,提出该类椭圆射流稀释度预报方法归并到已有圆射流系列预报模型中的实现途径,比较了具有相同出口超值动量Me0的圆射流与椭圆射流的沿程稀释度变化。由于椭圆射流比圆射流具有更高的稀释度增长比率,说明椭圆射流比圆射流具有更好的掺混稀释效果。 相似文献
4.
A comprehensive numerical study on the three-dimensional structure of a turbulent jet in crossflow is performed. Thejet-to-crossflow velocity ratio (R) varies in the range of 2 ～ 16; both vertical jets and inclined jets without excess streamwisemomentum are considered. The numerical results of the standard two-equation k-~ model show that the turbulent structurecan be broadly categorised according to the jet-to-crossflow velocity ratio. For strong to moderate jet discharges, i.e. R >4, the jet is characterized by a longitudinal transition through a bent-over phase during which the jet becomes almost parallelwith the main freestream, to a sectional vortex-pair flow with double concentration maxima; the computed flow details andscalar mixing characteristics can be described by self-similar relations beyond a dimensionless distance of around 20 ～ 60.The similarity coefficients are only weakly dependent on R. The cross-section scalar field is kidney-shaped and bifurcated,with distinct double concentration maxima; the aspect ratio is found to be around 1.2. A loss in vertical momentum is ob-served and the added mass coefficient of the jet motion is found to be approximately 1. On the other hand, for weak jets instrong crossflow, i.e. R≤ 2, the lee of the jet is characterized by a negative pressure region. Although the double vortexflow can still be noted, the scalar field becomes more symmetrical and no longer bifurcated. The similarity coeffcients are al-so noticeably different. The predicted jet flow characteristics and mixing rates are well supported by experimental and field data 相似文献
5.
Modifications of integral bubble and jet models including the pressure force are proposed. Exact solutions are found for the modified model of a stationary convective jet from a point source of buoyancy and momentum. The exact solutions are compared against analytical solutions of the integral models for a stationary jet that are based on the approximation of the vertical boundary layer. It is found that the modified integral models of convective jets retain the power-law dependences on the altitude for the vertical velocity and buoyancy obtained in classical models. For a buoyant jet in a neutrally stratified atmosphere, the inclusion of the pressure force increases the amplitude of buoyancy and decreases the amplitude of vertical velocity. The total amplitude change is about 10%. It is shown that in this model there is a dynamic invariant expressing the law of a uniform distribution of the potential and kinetic energy along the jet axis. For a spontaneous jet rising in an unstably stratified atmosphere, the inclusion of the pressure force retains the amplitude of buoyancy and increases the amplitude of vertical velocity by about 15%. It is shown that in the model of a spontaneous jet there is a dynamic invariant expressing the law of a uniform distribution of the available potential and kinetic energy along the jet axis. The results are of interest for the problems of anthropogenic pollution diffusion in the air and water environments and the formulation of models for statistical and stochastic ensembles of thermals in a mass-flux parameterization of turbulent moments. 相似文献
6.
V. G. Bondur Yu. V. Grebenyuk E. V. Ezhova V. I. Kazakov D. A. Sergeev I. A. Soustova Yu. I. Troitskaya 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2010,46(3):347-359
In a large test reservoir with artificial temperature stratification at the Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy
of Sciences, a major simulation of internal wave actuation by buoyant turbulent jets generated by wastewater flows from underwater
collector diffusers in conditions of temperature stratification with deep and shallow thermocline has been performed. Using
a modification of the particle tracing velocimetry (PTV) method in the stratification mode with shallow thermocline, the velocities
of currents generated by internal waves at the surface of the water area are measured. A theoretical model is developed describing
the fields of internal waves in the presence of jet stream. Dispersion relations and structures of lower (first and second)
modes of internal waves in the stratified basin for different rates of liquid outflow from the collector model are obtained.
The experimentally measured field of isothermal shifts with respect to the system of characteristic modes of internal waves
is decomposed. A mixed regime of internal wave actuation with the simultaneous existence of the first and second modes is
observed. The characteristics of perturbations in the liquid column and on its surface are compared. This analysis allows
us to prove that the velocity fields on the surface are indeed surface manifestations of internal waves. 相似文献
7.
V. G. Bondur Yu. V. Grebenyuk E. V. Ezhova V. I. Kazakov D. A. Sergeev I. A. Soustova Yu. I. Troitskaya 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2009,45(6):779-790
In a large test reservoir with artificial temperature stratification at the Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy
of Sciences, we have performed a major laboratory simulation of the nonstationary dynamics of buoyant turbulent jets generated
by wastewater flows from underwater collector diffusers. The interaction of buoyant jets with the pycnocline leads to an active
generation of internal waves. An analysis of the dependence of wave amplitude on the control parameter proportional to the
rate of liquid flow from the collector diffuser has indicated that this dependence is adequately described by a function that
is characteristic for the presence in the Hopf bifurcation system, which occurs for a soft actuation mode of self-oscillations
of the globally instable mode. To check the conditions for the actuation of the globally instable mode, we have performed
an auxiliary experiment in a small reservoir with a salt stratification formulated similar to the experiment in the big reservoir.
Using the particle image velocimetry (PIV) method, we have measured the velocity field in the buoyant jet and constructed
the profiles of transverse velocity in several sections. When the jet approaches the pycnocline, a counterflow is generated
at the edges. A stability analysis for the resulting profiles of flow velocities performed by the method of normal modes has
revealed that, for the jet portions with counterflow, the condition of absolute instability by the Briggs criterion for axisymmetric
jet oscillations is satisfied, which testifies to the fact that the globally instable mode is actuated. The estimates for
oscillation frequencies of the globally instable mode are well consistent quantitatively with the measured spectrum of jet
oscillations. 相似文献
8.
It was shown based on laboratory experiments in a Large Thermally Stratified Tank (LTST) at the Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences that a turbulent axisymmetric jet in a stratified fluid with a sharp density drop (a pycnocline) intensively generates internal waves. An axisymmetric oscillation mode, for which a sufficient condition of stability in the parallel flow approximation is met, served as their source. This paper studies the stability of a nonparallel flow (with self-similar velocity profiles) that simulates a jet flow in the lower part of the pycnocline with respect to the axisymmetric mode. The estimates of the axisymmetric mode near the pycnocline are in agreement with the experimental data. The signs of the self-oscillating mode of the jet were experimentally revealed and the possibility of self-oscillations was theoretically proved: it was shown that the flow in the pycnocline vicinity is absolutely unstable. 相似文献
9.
Both wind turning with height and ageostrophic flow in a stably stratified atmospheric boundary layer are analyzed using a three-parameter turbulence model. For a quasi-steady state of the boundary layer, the cross-isobaric flow is determined only by turbulent stress at the surface in the direction of geostrophic wind. The “operative” prediction models, in which the first-order turbulence closure schemes are used, tend to overestimate the boundary-layer depth and underestimate the angle between the surface and geostrophic winds when compared to “research” models (schemes of high-level turbulence closure). The true value of the angle between the surface and geostrophic winds is significant for the presentation of a large-scale flow. A nocturnal low-level jet is a mesoscale phenomenon reflected in data obtained from measurements in a stably stratified atmospheric boundary layer. It is found that such jets are of great importance in transporting humidity, momentum, and air pollution. In this study, the difference between jet flows over a homogeneous underlying surface and over a spatially localized large-scale aerodynamic roughness is shown. 相似文献
10.
Po-Hung Yeh Kuang-An Chang John Henriksen Billy Edge Peter Chang Andrew Silver Abel Vargas 《Ocean Engineering》2009,36(3-4):248-255
This study investigates the topographic deformation due to the erosion of a sand bed impinged by a moving submerged turbulent round jet in a large-scale laboratory. The test conditions represent the case of discharges beneath a vessel while operating in water with a limited clearance such as a shallow navigation channel. The jet moves horizontally and discharges water vertically downward towards the bed. The distance between the jet nozzle and the bed equals six times the jet diameter so the jet flow is in the potential core region. The speed of the jet horizontal motion was varied to examine its effect on the scour profile. The characteristic lengths of the scour profile in the asymptotic state were determined by modifying the empirical formulas in Aderibigbe and Rajaratnam [1996. Erosion of loose beds by submerged circular impinging vertical turbulent jets. Journal of Hydraulic Research 34(1), 19–33]. The maximum scour depth, the scour hole radius, and the ridge height were found to be a function of the ratio of the jet exit to jet translation velocities and were modeled using a hyperbolic function. Empirical equations describing the scour profile were developed and the scour profile was found to be self-similar when normalized by appropriate length scales. 相似文献
11.
In this paper, a two-fluid model of turbulent two-phase flow is used to simulate turbulent stratified flows. This is a unified multi-fluid model for the motion of each phase in the flow, whose turbulent transport is closed by a two-phase k– model. The exchanges of mass, momentum and energy between the two phases are fully accounted for in the simulation. For illustration, a case of turbulent stratified flow with strong buoyancy effects, for which extensive experimental data are available, is selected for examination. It is shown that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data. 相似文献
12.
《中国海洋工程》2015,(6)
The phenomenon of wastewater discharged into coastal waters can be simplified as a turbulent jet under the effect of waves and currents. Previous studies have been carried out to investigate the jet behaviors under the current only or the wave only environment. To obtain better understanding of the jet behaviors in a realistic situation, a series of physical experiments on the initial dilution of a vertical round jet in the wavy cross-flow environment are conducted. The diluted processes of the jet are recorded by a high-resolution camcorder and the concentration fields of the jet are measured with a peristaltic suction pumping system. When the jet is discharged into the wavy cross-flow environment, a distinctive phenomenon, namely "effluent clouds", is observed. According to the quantitative measurements, the jet width in the wavy cross-flow environment increases more significantly than that does in the cross-flow only environment, indicating that the waves impose a positive effect on the enhancement of jet initial dilution. In order to generalize the experimental findings, a comprehensive velocity scale ua and a characteristic length scale l are introduced. Through dimensional analysis, it is found that the dimensionless centerline concentration trajectories cy/l is in proportion to 1/3 power of the dimensionless downstream distance x/l, and the dimensionless centerline dilution 2c aS Q/(u l) is proportional to the square of the dimensionless centerline trajectory cy/l. Several empirical equations are then derived by using the Froude number of cross-flow Frc as a reference coefficient. This paper provides a better understanding and new estimations of the jet initial dilution under the combined effect of waves and cross-flow current. 相似文献
13.
A coupled ocean-ice-wave model is used to study ice-edge jet and eddy genesis during surface gravity wave dissipation in a frazil-pancake ice zone. With observational data from the Beaufort Sea, possible wave dissipation processes are evaluated using sensitivity experiments. As wave energy dissipated, energy was transferred into ice floe through radiation stress. Later, energy was in turn transferred into current through ocean-ice interfacial stress. Since most of the wave energy is dissipated at the ice edge, ice-edge jets, which contained strong horizontal shear, appeared both in the ice zone and the ocean. Meanwhile, the wave propagation direction determines the velocity partition in the along-ice-edge and cross-ice-edge directions, which in turn determines the strength of the along-ice-edge jet and cross-ice-edge velocity. The momentum applied in the along-ice-edge(cross-ice-edge)direction increased(decreased) with larger incident angle, which is favorable condition for producing stronger mesoscale eddies, vice versa. The dissipation rate increases(decreases) with larger(smaller) wavenumber, which enhances(reduces) the jet strength and the strength of the mesoscale eddy. The strong along-ice-edge jet may extend to a deep layer(> 200 m). If the water depth is too shallow(e.g., 80 m), the jet may be largely dampened by bottom drag, and no visible mesoscale eddies are found. The results suggest that the bathymetry and incident wavenumber(magnitude and propagation direction) are important for wave-driven current and mesoscale eddy genesis. 相似文献
14.
We study the spreading of wastewaters from an underwater source in a stratified coastal environment using the results of satellite monitoring and mathematical modeling. The problem is considered as applied to deepwater discharge in the region of Golubaya Bay of the Black Sea near Sebastopol. The main factors preventing upwelling of pollution to the sea surface are analyzed on the basis of a numerical model. It is shown that peculiarities of wastewater spreading depend on the character of stratification and velocity of the background current. The main factor influencing the uplift of these waters to the surface is the existence of water layers with high vertical gradients of water density. We reveal the structure of the wastewater field consisting of a plume and a jet extended in the direction of the background current, which is located in the density interface. If stratification is weak, the plume may reach the sea surface and form a local region of water pollution, which is recorded in multispectral satellite images. It is found that the mass of polluted waters is characterized by negative anomalies of temperature and salinity. 相似文献
15.
Compact zero-mass pulsatile jet actuators are proposed for low-speed maneuvering and station keeping of small underwater vehicles.1 The flow field of such jets are initially dominated by vortex ring formation. Pinched-off vortices characterize the extremum impulse accumulated by the leading vortex ring in a vortex ring formation process. Relevant parameters in this process are identified in order to design simple and low cost zero-mass pulsatile jet actuators. Thrust optimization of synthetic jets for maximal thrust generation is achieved by enforcing the jet formation number to be around 4. Prototypes of such actuators are built and tested for underwater maneuvering and propulsion. The actuators could be used in two ways: (i) to improve the low-speed maneuvering and station keeping capabilities of traditional propeller driven underwater vehicles, and (ii) as a synthetic jet for flow control and drag reduction at higher cruising speeds. A model for calculating the rotation rate of the underwater vehicle is also proposed and verified. 相似文献
16.
L. Kh. Ingel’ 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2008,44(2):167-174
Some new results related to the theory of rising convective jets over heat and momentum sources are presented. The consideration is not restricted to free convective or forced jets—mixed situations are also possible. A known model is generalized to the case of a noticeable contribution of the effects of water-vapor buoyancy. It is established that a universal conservation law that is valid for any entrainment hypotheses exists. A simple approximate criterion of the possibility that jets “break” through barrier layers is derived. An analytic solution that describes a moist-adiabatic rise of a jet above the condensation level is found. The influence of jets on the transport of passive admixtures is assessed. A model is proposed for the horizontal spreading of the warm air transported by a jet below an intense barrier layer. 相似文献
17.
Numerical study on the characteristics of flow field and wave propagation near submerged breakwater on slope 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
In this study,characteristics of flow field and wave propagation near submerged breakwater on a sloping bed are investigated with numerical model. The governing equations of the vertical twodimensional model are Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes equations. The Reynolds stress terms are closed by a nonlinear k ε turbulence transportation model. The free surface is traced through the PILC-VOF method. The proposed numerical model is verified with experimental results. The numerical result shows that the wave profile may become more asymmetrical when wave propa-gates over breakwater. When wave crest propagates over breakwater,the anticlockwise vortex may generate. On the contrary,when wave hollow propagates over breakwater,the clockwise vortex may generate. Meanwhile,the influenced zone of vortex created by wave crest is larger than that created by wave hollow. All the maximum values of the turbulent kinetic energy,turbulent dissi-pation and eddy viscosity occur on the top of breakwater. Both the turbulent dissipation and eddy viscosity increase as the turbulent kinetic energy increases. Wave energy may rapidly decrease near the breakwater because turbulent dissipation increases and energy in lower harmonics is transferred into higher harmonics. 相似文献
18.
The submerged 3D turbulent jet flow behavior around a pile on a rigid bed and on a scoured bed was studied experimentally and numerically. ADV was used to obtain the jet velocity distributions and Realizable k–ε turbulence model was used for the prediction of flow field around a pile. The jet flow area was three-dimensional and thus numerical model was a three-dimensional model. The numerical results were used to predict the velocity close to the pile and bed shear stress on the bed. In general, the results indicated that the flow field was also in agreement with the findings of previous experiments in literature and the related principles in the subject area. The experimental results demonstrated that Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) measurements were almost identical with the Realizable k–ε turbulence model results for turbulence intensity I=10%. 相似文献
19.
基于赤道深层射流动力模型，研究赤道深层射流对深层浮力源的响应特征，指出线性、连续层化海洋中浮力源驱动下的单一垂直模态建立深层环流的过程等介于线性浅水系统中深水源驱动的深层环流的建立过程。分析赤道深层射流对深层浮力源响应解的某些特征，结果表明，在给定确定波数量值的诸参数下，浮力源在纬向上范围的大小对赤道深层的射流 相似文献
20.