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传统的利用震后单幅合成孔径雷达(SAR)影像对建筑物的震害特征分析大多基于街区范围, 很少基于其成像几何结构． 本文基于高分辨率SAR影像上的建筑物成像几何结构, 分析了建筑物单体的震害特点, 建立了利用距离向线性灰度累加的方法提取规则未倒塌建筑物的叠掩区和阴影区及倒塌建筑物的倒塌区, 并在此基础上进行各几何特征区域的纹理特征, 如同质度、 不相似度和熵的计算及其组合特征分析, 由此建立了基于SAR影像建筑物成像几何结构的震害分析方法． 采用该方法对2010年玉树MS7.1地震震后玉树县城区的高分辨率SAR影像进行分析, 结果表明: 叠掩、 阴影和二次散射亮线是进行建筑物震害解译的有效几何结构特征, 其中叠掩区和阴影区的影像纹理特征具有较好的震害识别能力; 与传统的简单特征统计方法相比, 考虑建筑物SAR影像成像几何结构的特征统计法, 可以显著提高建筑物的震害识别能力. 相似文献
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为解决与光学遥感图像不同的合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像中存在大量混合像元的问题,本文提出了一种基于拉格朗日分解算法的SAR图像混合像元分解的方法,结合相关内容中具体定理的证明,文中给出拉格朗日分解算法用于SAR图像混合像元分解的系统的求解方法.用人工模拟SAR图像和ENVISAT SAR图像进行实验,结果表明拉格朗日分解算法的混合像元分解结果明显优于非约束类神经网络(文中实验以BP神经网络为例)的分解结果. 相似文献
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由于星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)系统工作于电离层之上,其信号不可避免地将受到电离层的影响. 背景电离层以及电离层电子密度不规则体多重散射效应可引起距离向图像质量的下降, 在强起伏情况下, 多重散射效应对信号的延迟影响不可忽略. 针对此问题, 本文提出了一种基于SAR回波信号的三频相位自适应TEC反演新方法, 利用反演的结果对电离层的影响进行校正. 给出了校正前后的点目标成像仿真, 结果显示此方法充分考虑了多重散射效应引起的TEC估计误差, 可以有效地补偿电离层对距离向成像的影响, 提高了距离向点目标图像质量. 相似文献
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ZHOU Xuan YANG XiaoFeng LI ZiWei YU Yang BI HaiBo MA Sheng LI XiaoFeng 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2013,56(11):1977-1987
The traditional method of Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)wind field retrieval is based on an empirical relation between the near surface winds and the normalized radar backscatter cross section to estimate wind speeds,where this relation is called the geophysical model function(GMF).However,the accuracy rapidly decreases due to the impact of rainfall on the measurement of SAR and the saturation of backscattered intensity under the condition of tropical cyclone.Because of no available instrument synchronously monitoring rain rate on the satellite platform of SAR,we have to derive the precipitation of the SAR observation time from non-simultaneous passive microwave observations of rain in combination with geostationary IR images,and then use the model of rain correction to remove the impact of rain on SAR wind field measurements.For the saturation of radar backscatter cross section in high wind speed conditions,we develop an approach to estimate tropical cyclone parameters and wind fields based on the improved Holland model and the SAR image features of tropical cyclone.To retrieve the low-to-moderate wind speed,the wind direction of tropical cyclone is estimated from the SAR image using wavelet analysis.And then the maximum wind speed and the central pressure of tropical cyclone are calculated by a least square minimization of the difference between the improved Holland model and the low-to-moderate wind speed retrieved from SAR.In addition,wind fields are estimated from the improved Holland model using the above-mentioned parameters of tropical cyclone as input.To evaluate the accuracy of our approach,the SAR images of typhoon Aere,typhoon Khanun,and hurricane Ophelia are used to estimate tropical cyclone parameters and wind fields,which are compared with the best track data and reanalyzed wind fields of the Joint Typhoon Warning Center(JTWC)and the Hurricane Research Division(HRD).The results indicate that the tropical cyclone center,maximum wind speed,and central pressure are generally consistent with the best track data,and wind fields agree well with reanalyzed data from HRD. 相似文献
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R. Bamler 《Surveys in Geophysics》2000,21(2-3):147-157
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is an active microwave imaging method.It operates independently of Sun illumination and cloud coverage. Currentspaceborne systems use wavelengths of 3 to 25 cm and achieve resolutionsof 10 to 50 m. The paper attempts to explain the basic SAR imaging principlesusing a minimum of mathematics. Emphasis is put on the particular propertiesof SAR images that should be understood before interpreting these data. 相似文献
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The occurrence frequency of SAR arcs during 1997–2006 has been analyzed based on the photometric observations at the Yakutsk meridian (Maimaga station, corrected geomagnetic coordinates: 57° N, 200° E). SAR arcs appeared in 114 cases (～500 h) during ～370 nights of observations (～3170 h). The occurrence frequency of SAR arcs increases to 27% during the growth phase of solar activity and has a clearly defined maximum ～36% at a decline of cycle 23. The SAR arc registration frequency corresponds to the variations in geomagnetic activity in this solar cycle. The dates, UT, and geomagnetic latitudes of photometric observations are presented for 1997–2006. 相似文献
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本研究将边界层相似理论与对流理论应用到具有海洋大气边界层(Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer, MABL)对流特征的星载合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar, SAR)遥感图像,探讨了星载SAR遥感图像描述海气应力作用下水平扰动尺度变化的潜在可能性.针对具有三维对流涡旋Cell和二维水平滚轴涡旋Roll特征的星载SAR遥感图像,反演了中国海海域MABL高度,并与同步实验获取的MABL高度结果进行对比.结果表明,利用具有对流特征的星载SAR遥感图像反演MABL高度是可行的,展示了以高分辨率、大面积观测为特点的星载SAR遥感图像探测MABL的广阔前景. 相似文献
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The Katla central volcano, covered by the fourth largest Icelandic glacier Mýrdalsjökull, is among the most dangerous and active volcanoes in Iceland. Due to the ice cover, several indicators of its volcanic activity can only be identified indirectly. We analysed a total of 30 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images with special focus on identifying circular and linear depressions in the glacier surface. Such features are indicative of sub-glacial geothermal heat sources and the adjacent sub-glacial tunnel (melt water drainage) system. The time series comprises images from five different SAR sensors (ERS-1, ERS-2, JERS-1/SAR, RADARSAT and ENVISAT-ASAR) covering a time period of 12 years, starting in 1994. Individual SAR scenes only partly map the glacier surface morphology due to the environmental influences on the SAR backscatter intensity. Thus, only surface features detectable in several SAR scenes at the same location were considered and merged to form an overall picture of the surface morphology of Mýrdalsjökull and its modification by sub-glacial volcanic activity between 1994 and 2006. Twenty permanent and 4 semi-permanent ice cauldrons could be identified on the surface of Mýrdalsjökull indicating geothermally active areas in the underlying caldera. An analysis of their size was not possible due to the indistinct outline in the SAR images. The spatial distribution of the geothermally active areas led to a new, piecemeal caldera model of Katla volcano. All cauldrons are connected to tunnel systems for melt water drainage. More than 100 km of the sub-glacial drainage system could be identified under the Mýrdalsjökull in the SAR time series. It has been found that the tunnel systems are not in agreement with estimated water divides. Our results allow improved assessment of areas of potential Jökulhlaup hazard accompanying a sub-glacial eruption. 相似文献
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Iran is one of the world's most tectonically active regions, yet dating past earthquakes for neotectonic studies has been limited. One of the main reasons for this is that organic material suitable for radiocarbon dating of deformed sediments is rare. We investigate the use of infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) from coarse-grained feldspars to date colluvial deposits associated with the Sabzevar thrust fault in northeastern Iran. The single-aliquot regenerative (SAR) dose measurement procedure was used for this study. The current study investigates monitoring and correcting for sensitivity changes, recovering a known laboratory dose and equivalent dose estimation using three SAR IRSL methods. It is shown that SAR has recovered a given laboratory dose using a range of preheat temperatures but De determination of natural samples requires its own preheat plateaus for two of these SAR methods. The SAR IRSL method provided an age of 1.7±0.3 ka for colluvium, predating the last earthquake event on the Sabzevar fault. This result suggests that this fault is likely to be responsible for an earthquake that destroyed Sabzevar city in AD 1052. 相似文献
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This paper synthesizes 10‐years' worth of interannual time‐series space‐borne ERS‐1 and RADARSAT‐1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data collected coincident with daily measurement of snow‐covered, land‐fast first‐year sea ice (FYI) geophysical and surface radiation data collected from the Seasonal Sea Ice Monitoring and Modeling Site, Collaborative‐Interdisciplinary Cryospheric Experiment and 1998 North Water Polynya study over the period 1992 to 2002. The objectives are to investigate the seasonal co‐relationship of the SAR time‐series dataset with selected surface mass (bulk snow thickness) and climate state variables (surface temperature and albedo) measured in situ for the purpose of measuring the interannual variability of sea ice spring melt transitions and validating a time‐series SAR methodology for sea ice surface mass and climate state parameter estimation. We begin with a review of the salient processes required for our interpretation of time‐series microwave backscatter from land‐fast FYI. Our results suggest that time‐series SAR data can reliably measure the timing and duration of surface albedo transitions at daily to weekly time‐scales and at a spatial scales that are on the order of hundreds of metres. Snow thickness on FYI immediately prior to melt onset explains a statistically significant portion of the variability in timing of SAR‐detected melt onset to pond onset for SAR time‐series that are made up of more than 25 images. Our results also show that the funicular regime of snowmelt, resolved in time‐series SAR data at a temporal resolution of approximately 2·5 images per week, is not detectable for snow covers less than 25 cm in thickness. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Conceptual study of lunar-based SAR for global change monitoring 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
HuaDong Guo YiXing Ding Guang Liu DaoWei Zhang WenXue Fu Lu Zhang 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(8):1771-1779
As an active microwave remote sensing imaging sensor, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) plays an important role in earth observation. Here we establish a SAR system based on the platform of the moon. This will aid large-scale, constant, and long-term dynamic Earth observations to better meet the needs of global change research and to complement the space borne and airborne earth observations. Lunar-based SAR systems have the characteristics of high resolution and wide swath width. The swath width could be thousands of kilometers in the stripe mode and it could cover 40% of earth’s surface with 10 meters or even higher spatial resolution in the scanning mode. Using the simplified observation model, here we quantitatively analyze the spatial resolution and coverage area of lunar-based SAR and simulate the observation on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and the Amazon plain. The results show that this system could provide near 100% daily coverage of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, whereas 40% to 70% daily coverage of the Amazon plain. Lunar-based SAR could provide large-scale, long-term and stable time series data in order to support future research of global change. 相似文献
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针对汶川地震PALSAR观测的方位向形变场存在严重电离层影响,导致准确提取断层地表破裂线困难的问题,本文使用一种基于频率域的电离层影响校正方法,从方位向形变场频域数据中提取电离层信号对应的频域信息,通过建模获得空间域电离层信号,并与原始形变场进行差分运算完成电离层影响的校正,还原了汶川地震断层近场沿SAR方位向的真实地表形变场.以校正后的方位向形变场作为数据源,采用非极大值抑制二维梯度算法,准确提取汶川地震北川—映秀断层和灌县—江油断层的地表破裂线.为验证提取结果的可靠性,引入野外地质调查数据进行对比分析,定量计算两条破裂线间的距离差异,结果表明基于SAR形变场自动提取的断层破裂线与野外地质调查数据具有较高的一致性,利用SAR观测形变场可作为调查地震断层地表破裂的重要补充手段. 相似文献
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机载SAR对海探测时,探测范围小和时空匹配难等局限使其无法借助风条纹和辅助资料反演海面风矢量.本文在仿真研究CMOD5.N地球物理模型参数的函数关系,实例分析机载SAR探测图像中距离向均值曲线变化规律的基础上,发现相同风向、风速条件下,CMOD5.N模型构建的标准曲线和探测图像的距离向均值曲线遵循统一的归一化雷达截面随入射角变化规律,且两者具有良好的相关性.据此,本文提出将距离向均值曲线与标准曲线逐条匹配,采用相关系数判定两者的相关程度,选择使得相关系数绝对值最大的标准曲线作为最优匹配曲线,进而直接确定风向和风速的海面风矢量反演方法.机载SAR飞行探测实验结果表明,海面风矢量反演结果与浮标观测结果的均方根误差为风向11.3°,风速0.9m·s-1,高于反演精度指标要求,原因在于该方法既避免了机载SAR探测图像中斑点噪声的影响,又不会产生局部最优解,提高了海面风矢量反演精度. 相似文献
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The synthetic aperture radar (SAR) plays an important role in earthquake emergency response because of its all-time and all-weather imaging capabilities. On April 14, 2010, an MS7.1 earthquake occurred in Yushu county, Qinghai province of China, causing a lot of buildings collapsed. In this paper, the building damage in Yushu city due to the earthquake was assessed quantitatively using high-resolution X-band airborne SAR image. The features of the buildings with different damage levels (collapsed, partial collapsed, non-collapsed) in the SAR image were analyzed first. Based on these building features, we interpreted the individual building damage in Yushu city block by block and got the numbers of the collapsed, partial collapsed and non-collapsed buildings separately for each block, referring to pre-earthquake QuickBird image when necessary. Let the damage index of individual collapsed, partial collapsed, non-collapsed building be 1, 0.5, 0 respectively, the remote sensing damage index of each block was then calculated through remote sensing damage index equation. Finally, the preliminary quantitative relationship between the remote sensing damage index interpreted from the SAR image and that interpreted from the optical image was built up. It can be concluded that a desirable damage assessment result can be derived from high-resolution airborne SAR imagery. 相似文献