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水菱镁矿是一种新开发的高镁矿,可以作为阻燃填料使用。水菱镁矿作为单一填料时,阻燃效率较低。为了解决这一问题,使用海泡石(SEP)为协效剂,水菱镁矿(HM)作为阻燃剂,制备SEP-HM/EVA复合阻燃材料。对材料进行了极限氧指数(LOI)、垂直燃烧(UL-94)、锥形量热(CCT)和力学性能测试,研究了海泡石对该复合材料阻燃性能及力学性能的影响。研究结果表明:在水菱镁矿和海泡石总添加量为60%,其中海泡石为9%时,相比于未添加海泡石的复合材料,拉伸强度增加了51.59%,断裂伸长率增加了67.54%,LOI上升了3.5%,垂直燃烧等级均维持在V-0级别,热释放总量(THRR)降低了16.65%,烟释放总量(TSP)降低了22.93%。总的来说,在显著提高复合材料力学性能的同时,海泡石也能较好的提高复合材料的阻燃性能。通过该研究能够对水菱镁矿作为阻燃填料方面的应用提供新的思路。 相似文献
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基于高光谱数据的天山北坡积雪孔隙率反演研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以新疆天山北坡中段典型流域季节性积雪为研究对象,基于高光谱遥感监测技术,分析了融雪期积雪孔隙率与光谱反射率的相关性。采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)对相关性较高的波段进行压缩,并提取贡献率最高的前四个主成分,以此用来确定神经网络的隐含节点数、输入层、输出层的初始权值,建立PLS-BP模型进行积雪孔隙率反演研究。结果表明:当隐含节点数为3,模型的线性确定相关系数(R2)较高为0.9159,RMSE为0.04,相对误差为0.23。与传统偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)、主成分回归(PCA)建模方法相比,精度较高,所建定量模型可用于高光谱遥感反演积雪孔隙率。 相似文献
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利用溶液共混法制备得到分子筛/石墨烯(RGO)复合电极材料。比较了分子筛(4A、13X、SBA-15)种类、煅烧温度以及分子筛与氧化石墨烯(GO)质量比等因素,对分子筛/RGO复合电极材料电化学性能的影响。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、孔径分析、扫描电镜(SEM)和电化学测试等分析方法考察了3种复合电极材料的结构、形貌及电化学性能。结果表明,RGO可以将4A很好地包覆,且4A均匀镶嵌在RGO层间并阻止RGO团聚,形成了三维空间导电网络结构,13X、SBA-15并不能完全被RGO包裹,RGO层间团聚现象仍较严重,不能形成三维导电网络结构。当分子筛与RGO质量比为6∶1,煅烧温度为320°C时,在4 A/g电流密度下,4A/RGO复合电极材料的比电容为450 F/g,而相应的13X/RGO、SBA-15/RGO复合电极材料的比电容分别为195、43 F/g。4A/RGO复合电极材料优异的超级电容性能可归于4A与RGO之间较强的协同效应。 相似文献
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采用沉淀法合成了镁镍铝水滑石(MgNiAl-LDH),研究了不同尿素和水热温度对合成MgNiAl-LDH的影响。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和扫描电镜(SEM)对MgNiAl-LDH进行了表征。将制得的MgNiAl-LDH添加至聚丙烯中(PP)中,制备MgNiAl-LDH/PP复合材料,通过加速老化及力学性能测试考察了MgNiAl-LDH的添加量对复合材料性能的影响。研究结果表明,当Mg~(2+)∶Ni~(2+)∶Al~(3+)为2∶1∶1,反应温度为100℃、尿素用量为二价金属阳离子(Mg~(2+)+Ni~(2+))摩尔浓度的2.5倍时,合成结晶良好的MgNiAl-LDH。复合材料耐老化实验结果表明,当MgNiAl-LDH的填充量为6 wt%时,经加速老化后,MgNiAl-LDH/PP复合材料拉伸强度基本保持不变,抗老化性能明显。 相似文献
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采用沉淀法合成了镁镍铝水滑石 (MgNiAl-LDH)，研究了不同尿素和水热温度对合成MgNiAl-LDH的影响。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和扫描电镜（SEM）对MgNiAl-LDH进行了表征。将制得的MgNiAl-LDH添加至聚丙烯中（PP）中，制备MgNiAl-LDH/PP复合材料，通过加速老化及力学性能测试考察了MgNiAl-LDH的添加量对复合材料性能的影响。研究结果表明，当Mg2+:Ni2+:Al3+为2:1:1，反应温度为100℃、尿素用量为二价金属阳离子 (Mg2++Ni2+) 摩尔浓度的2.5倍时，合成结晶良好的MgNiAl-LDH。复合材料耐老化实验结果表明：当MgNiAl-LDH的填充量为6 wt%时，经加速老化后，MgNiAl-LDH/PP复合材料拉伸强度基本保持不变，抗老化性能明显。 相似文献
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采用水热法合成了二维层状材料——镁镍铁水滑石(MgNiFe-LDH),考察不同水热时间和水热温度对MgNiFe-LDH合成的影响,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)和热分析(TG/DTG)等测试方法,对样品的结构、形貌及热性能进行表征。将合成的MgNiFe-LDH添加至聚丙烯(PP)制备MgNiFe-LDH/PP复合材料,通过对材料加速老化测其力学性能,研究了添加MgNiFe-LDH前后材料机械性能变化。结果表明,当Mg~(2+):Ni~(2+):Fe~(3+)=2∶1∶1,水热温度140℃、水热时间24 h时,合成的MgNiFe-LDH为片状,形貌较为规整,颗粒粒径约为2μm。MgNiFe-LDH/PP复合材料经加速老化后,填充MgNiFe-LDH复合材料的抗老化性能优于纯PP,当MgNiFe-LDH的填充量为6 wt%复合材料拉伸强度不变,可明显提高PP的抗老化性能。 相似文献
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以FeCl3?6H2O、NiCl2?6H2O、MgCl2?6H2O为原料，以NaOH为沉淀剂采用水热法合成了镁镍铁水滑石 (MgNiFe-LDH)，通过X射线衍射 (XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱 (FTIR) 和扫描电镜 (SEM) 分析了MgNiFe-LDH结构及形貌，探讨了不同陈化时间和水热温度对MgNiFe-LDH合成的影响。将制得的MgNiFe-LDH添加至聚丙烯 (PP) 中，制备MgNiFe-LDH/PP复合材料，通过对材料的加速老化测其力学性能，研究了添加MgNiFe-LDH前后材料力学性能的差异。研究结果表明，当Mg2+:Ni2+:Fe3+=2:1:1，反应温度为140℃、陈化时间为24 h时，合成的MgNiFe-LDH为片状，形貌较为规整，颗粒粒径约为2μm；经加速老化后，填充MgNiFe-LDH 复合材料的抗老化性能优于纯PP，当MgNiFe-LDH的填充量为6 wt% 复合材料拉伸强度不变，可明显提高PP的抗老化性能。 相似文献
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通过电磁感应炉制备了含锶6A02铝合金,对制备的试样采用OM、XRD、硬度测试、拉伸测试,研究Sr含量对6A02铝合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明Sr元素的加入可以细化合金的铸态组织,改变组织形貌。当Sr含量为0.5%时,细化效果最好,合金其力学性能最优。随着Sr含量的增加,6A02铝合金出现新相Al_4Sr,随着组织中Al_4Sr相增多,Mg_2Si相的析出减少,减弱了对合金的强化效果,合金的力学性能呈下降趋势。 相似文献
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四川盆地雷口坡组大量钻井资料揭示中三叠统雷口坡组主要成盐期分别为雷三2期和雷四2期。岩性组合特征、沉积环境研究表明,在川中的平昌—南充—遂宁一带发育雷三2期浓缩盐膏质蒸发泻湖微相,在川中-川西地区的南部—盐亭—成都—邛崃地区发育雷四2期盐膏湖盆微相。两期盐岩差异主要表现是,雷三2期时,盆地处于频繁的海进、海退过程中,沉积环境变化较快,成盐环境相对开放,盐盆往往多次蒸发浓缩、补给、淡化,海水表现出接近或者达到盐岩沉积浓度,其间往往夹杂石膏和云质团块沉积。雷四2期时,四川盆地处于持续的海退蒸发期,蒸发量远远大于补给量,海水以蒸发浓缩为主,海水表现为超过石盐沉积浓度,沉积石盐中夹杂卤石,局部地区钾含量极高。 相似文献
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We studied pot cultivated Haloxylon ammodendron’s growth, physiological changes and drought resistance under NaCl, H2SiO3,
and NaCl+H2SiO3 treatments. Results show that 0.3 g/kg NaCl, 0.2 g/kg H2SiO3 or 0.3 g/kg NaCl+0.1 g/kg H2SiO3 treatments can
effectively promote growth and improve the drought resistance of H. ammodendron. Compared with that without NaCl treatment,
H. ammodendron’s height, crown diameter and fresh weight increased by 42%, 91% and 62% respectively under 0.3 g/kg NaCl
treatment, and its main stem diameter, main root diameter and main root length increased by 40%, 39% and 23%, respectively.
Compared with that without H2SiO3 treatments, H. ammodendron’s height, crown diameter and fresh weight increased by 36%,
45% and 27% respectively under 0.2 g/kg H2SiO3 treatment, and its main stem diameter, main root diameter and main root length
increased by 23%, 23% and 20%, respectively. Compared with that under 0.3 g/kg NaCl treatment, H. ammodendron’s height,
crown diameter and fresh weight and main root length increased by 9%, 10%, 17% and 12% respectively under 0.3 g/kg
NaCl+0.1 g/kg H2SiO3 treatment. Compared with that under 0.1 g/kg H2SiO3 treatment, H. ammodendron’s height, crown diameter
and fresh weight increased by 28%, 76% and 68% respectively under 0.3 g/kg NaCl+0.1 g/kg H2SiO3 treatment, and its main
stem diameter, main root diameter and main root length increased by 30%, 32% and 27%, respectively. This suggests that moderate
levels of NaCl+H2SiO3 interaction can effectively promote growth and improve drought resistance of H. ammodendron than
separate applications of NaCl or H2SiO3. 相似文献
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观测了藜科滨藜族(Atripliceae)、樟味藜族(Camphorosmeae)、碱蓬族(Suaedeae)和猪毛菜族(Salsoleae)30种C4植物的同化器官的解剖结构和δ13 C值,共见到12种解剖结构类型。滨藜族包含2种类型,Atriplicoid-Ⅰ型和Atriplicoid-Ⅱ型,它们的差异仅在于结构中是否含有皮下组织。樟味藜族包括3种解剖结构类型,即含有皮下组织的Kochioid-Ⅰ型、叶肉细胞和维管束鞘细胞形成近似于环形的Kochioid-Ⅱ型和不含有皮下组织的Kochioid-Ⅲ型。碱蓬族包含3种类型,Kranz-Suaedoid-Ⅰ型和Kranz-Suaedoid-Ⅱ型结构中具有皮下组织,但是Kranz-Suaedoid-Ⅱ型结构中只具有一层叶肉细胞,这种结构存在于异子蓬属的异子蓬(Borszczowia aralocaspica),而Kranz-Suaedoid-Ⅲ型结构中不具有皮下组织。猪毛菜族植物叶片/同化枝的解剖结构类型有4种,它们的差异在于结构中是否含有皮下组织、次要的较小的维管束的位置以及环形的维管束鞘细胞是否被打断。30种植物的δ13 C值范围-11.1‰~-14.5‰,显示为C4植物,与其同化器官解剖结构相对应。 相似文献
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G. Herrera-Arreola Y. Herrera B.G. Reyes-Reyes L. Dendooven 《Journal of Arid Environments》2007,69(4):583-598
In the northern semiarid and arid part of Mexico, mesquite (Prosopis juliflora (SW.) DC.), huisache (Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd.) and catclaw (Mimosa biuncifera Benth.), N2-fixing trees or shrubs, dominate the landscape. It is unknown, however, how much the leaves of those shrubs contribute to dynamics of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in soil. We investigated this by adding leaves of each species to soil sampled under the canopy of mesquite, huisache, and catclaw and outside their canopy while monitoring production of carbon dioxide (CO2), and dynamics of inorganic N (ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−)) in an aerobic incubation. The (hemi)cellulose and N content of the catclaw leaves was lower and the lignin and polyphenol content was larger than in the mesquite and huisache leaves. If we considered no priming effect, then 41% of the C added with catclaw leaves, 47% with huisache leaves and 49% with mesquite leaves mineralized within 42 days. The addition of the leaves had little or no effect on N mineralized, and only 6% of organic N of the mesquite leaves was mineralized. It was found that catclaw, huisache and mesquite have a positive effect on the arid and semi-arid ecosystems as they increased soil organic matter and soil N content. 相似文献
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N.A. Provorov U.B. Saimnazarov I.U. Bahromov D.Z. Pulatova A.P. Kozhemyakov G.A. Kurbanov 《Journal of Arid Environments》1998,39(4):569-575
In field trials conducted at Uzbekistan, inoculation of mungbean (Phaseolus aureusRoxb.) with commercial strain CIAM1901 ofBradyrhizobiumsp. (Phaseolus) increased (on average for two cultivars) the herbage mass by 46·6±6·0%, seed mass by 39·2 ± 3·6%, mass of 1000 seeds by 16·0 ± 0·8%, nitrogen content in seeds by 58·3 ± 8·9%, starch content in seeds by 30·0 ± 5·5% and number of nodules by 254%. Inoculation with this strain produced the same herbage (seed) mass as NH4NO3application (120 kg ha−1of N), while the combined treatment of rhizobia and 60 kg ha−1of N produced significantly higher yields than rhizobia inoculation alone or application of 120 kg ha−1of N. The rhizobia strain M11 was isolated from Uzbekistan soils and significantly exceeded the commercial strain CIAM1901 in its influence on herbage mass by 3·9–10·6%. Two-factor analysis of variance demonstrated that the herbage mass and number of nodules are controlled mainly by the rhizobia strain genotypes, while seed yield, number of pods, mass of 1000 seeds and N and starch content in seeds are influenced by the plant cultivar genotypes. 相似文献
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Cs+水合结构的密度泛函理论计算研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
基于密度泛函理论在ωB97XD/gen def2-tzvp基组水平上对[Cs(H_2O)n]~+(n=1～15)水合团簇结构的振动光谱进行了研究。研究表明,随着水分子数的增加,在气相和液相中,八配位的Cs~+水合团簇是最稳定的;随着水分子数的增加,Cs-O键长增大,Cs~+上的电荷密度减小。当水分子数大于11时,Cs-O键长和Cs~+上的电荷密度变化很小。O(H_2O)-O(H_2O)距离、∠O(H_2O)-Cs-O(H_2O)°统计结果表明,15个水分子足以形成Cs~+的近似饱和水合层。此外,红外光谱显示[Cs(H_2O)n]~+水合团簇中O-H伸缩振动随着水分子数的增加而发生变化,由此可以作为鉴别水合层位置的一种参考方法。 相似文献
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以高锰酸钾和一水硫酸锰为原料,采用水热合成法,合成得到了花状和海胆状纳米二氧化锰吸附剂。研究了两种吸附剂对三价砷的吸附选择性、循环利用性及除砷机理。结果表明,阴离子对花状和海胆状吸附剂吸附三价砷的影响顺序略有不同,其分别为PO■ CO■HCO~-_3NO~-_3SO■Cl~-,PO■HCO■SO■CO■NO~-_3Cl~-;花状和海胆状二氧化锰经三次循环再生后的除砷率分别为65.5%和75.1%;两种吸附剂对三价砷的吸附机理主要为氧化吸附作用。 相似文献
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ShengYun Chen Qian Zhao WenJie Liu Zhao Zhang Shuo Li HongLin Li ZhongNan Nie LingXi Zhou ShiChang Kang 《寒旱区科学》2018,10(1):69-79
Nitrous oxide(N_2 O) is one of the most important greenhouse gases in the atmosphere; freeze–thaw cycles(FTCs) might strongly influence the emission of soil N_2 O on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau(QTP). However, there is a lack of in situ research on the characteristics of soil N_2 O concentration and flux in response to variations in soil properties caused by FTCs.Here, we report the effect of FTC-induced changes in soil properties on the soil N_2 O concentration and flux in the permafrost region of the higher reaches of the Shule River Basin on the northeastern margin of the QTP. We measured chemical properties of the topsoil, activities of soil microorganisms, and air temperature(AT), as well as soil N_2 O concentration and flux, over an annual cycle from July 31, 2011, to July 30, 2012. The results showed that soil N_2 O concentration was significantly affected by soil temperature(ST), soil moisture(SM), soil salinity(SS), soil polyphenol oxidase(SPO), soil alkaline phosphatase(SAP), and soil culturable actinomycetes(SCA), ranked as SMSSSTSPOSAPSCA, whereas ST significantly increased soil N_2 O flux, compared with SS. Overall, our study indicated that the soil N_2 O concentration and flux in permafrost zone FTCs were strongly affected by soil properties, especially soil moisture, soil salinity, and soil temperature. 相似文献
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Measurement of PM2.5 emission potential from soil using the UC Davis resuspension test chamber 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Omar F. Carvacho Lowell L. Ashbaugh Michael S. Brown Robert G. Flocchini 《Geomorphology》2004,59(1-4):75
Human health effects have been linked to airborne concentrations of fine particulate matter. One source of fine particulate matter in the atmosphere is resuspended soil dust from a variety of activities, including agricultural operations. We have established a method to measure the potential of soil to emit fugitive dust in the PM10 or PM2.5 size range. The method is repeatable, and provides an index of PM10 or PM2.5 dust that is highly correlated to the soil texture. The ratio of the PM2.5 Index to the PM10 Index produced by this method is similar to field observations of ambient PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations downwind of agricultural operations in the San Joaquin Valley of California. The PM2.5 or PM10 Index will be a more useful parameter to estimate the potential of a soil to emit fugitive dust than the currently used dry silt content of soil. Research is currently underway to relate the PM10 and PM2.5 Index to measured emission factors, accounting for soil moisture and type of agricultural operation, so that a more reliable predictive equation can be developed for agricultural practices. 相似文献