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新疆莎车县崩塌灾害频发、多发,对该地区造成严重影响。结合现场勘查和遥感解译,选取与崩塌灾害发育相关的坡度、坡向、与河流距离、地貌类型、与断层距离、岩性、NDVI及与道路距离等8个致灾因子,运用层次分析-熵值定权法模型对崩塌灾害进行易发性评价。研究发现：(1)极高易发区和高易发区大多分布在达木斯乡、喀群乡和霍什拉甫乡,分别占研究区总面积的7.78%和16.41%;(2)研究区崩塌灾害主要在西部山区沟谷内呈线性分布;(3)基于层次分析-熵值定权法易发性评价模型AUC值为0.909,实际对比显示评价结果较准确客观,结果可望为新疆莎车县防灾减灾提供科学依据。 相似文献
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蓉遵高速公路（土城—旺隆段）沿线崩塌频繁发生，威胁公路安全甚至人类的生命财产安全。文章通过实地调查蓉遵高速公路（土城-旺隆段）崩塌地质灾害的影响因素，构建了9个影响因子，分别是地形起伏度、高程、归一化植被指数、坡向、地层岩性、距道路距离、距河流距离、坡度及降雨量。采用确定性系数模型（certain factors, CF）、层次分析法（analytic hierarchy process, AHP）及耦合模型（CF-AHP）对研究区进行崩塌地质灾害易发性评价，并分别采用崩塌地质灾害点频率统计和成功率曲线对3种模型的评价精度进行检验。结果表明，CF、AHP和CF-AHP的AUC预测精度分别为0.848,0.835,0.866，且3种评价模型得到的崩塌地质灾害的高、中易发区频率比值占总频率比值均超过70%。3种模型精确度由大到小分别为CF-AHP、CF、AHP模型，说明CF-AHP模型的滑坡预测优于单一的CF、AHP模型，能精确地评价蓉遵高速公路（土城-旺隆段）崩塌地质灾害易发性，为公路沿线区域崩塌灾害的防灾减灾提供决策依据。 相似文献
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选择合适的评价模型对准确评价崩塌灾害的易发性至关重要。以磨刀溪流域龙驹坝地区崩塌灾害为对象,对设置哑变量和未设置哑变量的Logistic回归模型进行比选分析,准确建立区域崩塌灾害易发性区划。分析表明:根据Cox & Snell R2和Nagelkerke R2统计量、混淆矩阵、hosmer-Lemeshow检验的结果,设置了哑变量的回归模型对样本的拟合效果较好,对灾害发生的判对率高。设置哑变量的回归模型崩塌概率归一值集中于极易崩区和易崩区,比重和为93%;未设置哑变量的模型仅为65%,前者的区划效果更佳。 相似文献
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《地质科技情报》2020,(3)
不同的易发性评价模型可以得到有差异的滑坡空间预测结果,选取最优模型甚至综合各模型的优势是提高易发性评价精度的有效方法。为检验模型融合思路的有效性,以鄂西地区五峰县渔洋关镇为研究区,提取坡度、地层、断层、河流、公路等7个滑坡成因条件,分别采用信息量模型、证据权模型和频率比模型进行滑坡易发性评价;并将3种模型分别进行归一化、主成分分析(PCA,Principal component analysis)和优势融合,得到了6幅易发性分区图。结果表明:优势耦合模型精度最高(90.3%),频率比模型次之(89.7%),归一化融合模型和PCA融合模型分别为89.3%和89.1%,以上4种结果的精度均高于证据权模型(87.7%)和信息量模型(87.6%);6幅预测图对应的评价结论与历史滑坡空间分布的实际情况相符。空间一致性对比结论表明,主成分融合模型与优势耦合模型的同格率高达68%,其预测结果避免了单个模型预测结论带来的偶然性和片面性,说明多模型融合方法与优势耦合模型在提高滑坡易发性预测精度上是可行性的,该思路对其他地区滑坡灾害易发性评价具有借鉴意义。 相似文献
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金沙江上游巴塘—德格河段地处青藏高原东部,该区地质、地形、地貌极其复杂,滑坡灾害最为发育,开展区域滑坡易发性评价对防灾减灾工作有着重要的意义。本文以金沙江上游巴塘—德格河段为研究区,在滑坡编录与野外实际调查的基础上,通过对滑坡分布规律和影响因素分析,选取高程、坡度、坡向、曲率、地形起伏度、地表切割度、地表粗糙度、地层岩性、断层、水系和道路等11个影响因子,构建了滑坡易发性评价指标体系。利用皮尔森系数去除高相关性影响因子,运用频率比方法定量分析各个因子与滑坡发育的关系。通过频率比模型选取非滑坡样本,采用集成学习算法模型进行滑坡易发性评价,根据易发性指数将研究区划分为极高易发区、高易发区、中易发区、低易发区及极低易发区5个等级。由滑坡易发性分区图和ROC曲线表明,高和极高易发区主要沿金沙江沿岸和沟谷分布,随机森林模型的成功率曲线下面积AUC=0.84,历史滑坡灾害位于高-极高易发区的灾害数占总滑坡数的84.8%,梯度提升树模型的成功率曲线下面积AUC=0.79,历史滑坡灾害位于高-极高易发区灾害数占总滑坡数的79.3%。由AUC值和历史灾害的分布可知,随机森林模型比梯度提升树模型在本研究区滑坡易发性评价中有着更好的评价精度和更高的预测能力。 相似文献
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以安徽省池州市为研究区,选取坡度、坡向、工程地质岩组、断裂、道路、河流、降雨量、土地利用类型8个影响因子进行地质灾害易发性评价。基于全市345个地质灾害点(崩塌和滑坡)样本数据,采用信息量模型对研究区各影响因子的信息量进行计算,依据灾害点密度将区域灾害易发性划分为5个等级:低易发区、较低易发区、中易发区、较高易发区和高易发区。结果表明:安徽省池州市地质灾害高易发区和较高易发区主要分布在坡度较大的山区河谷两侧,反映人类工程活动破坏、流水冲刷作用和地形地貌因素是影响该区地质灾害的主要因素。其中,高易发区和较高易发区面积为1 801.47 km~2,分别占全区总面积的7.89%和13.88%,高易发区和较高易发区内的灾害点分别占所有灾害点的48.7%和21.5%,其中高易发区的灾积比为6.17,明显高于其他易发等级。对地质灾害易发性的方法与技术的研究,旨在为该区的灾害防治和经济建设提供技术参考。 相似文献
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机器学习在滑坡的易发性评价中面临两个难点,一是评价指标的客观量化,二是训练样本的选择。鉴于此,采用频率比法实现了评价指标的客观量化,利用k均值聚类算法实现了非滑坡样本数据的筛选。结果表明,以k均值聚类算法筛选非滑坡为前提,神经网络的训练精度由73%提升到了97%,支持向量机的训练精度由75%提升到了96%。基于GIS平台,将神经网络和支持向量机模型计算的全区易发性指数按自然断点法分为五个区域,分区图与历史灾害点的叠加分析统计结果显示,神经网络在全局范围内的评价结果优于支持向量机模型,全局精度分别为76%和74%。研究结果可为南江县的防灾减灾工作提供参考。 相似文献
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以新疆维吾尔自治区乌恰县康苏红层崩塌为例, 基于DAN-W运动学模型进行了红层崩塌碎屑流空间预测评价, 同时根据无人机航拍图和野外地质现场调查, 结合崩塌研究区的工程地质要素, 分析该崩塌的形成特征和失稳模式。结果表明:该崩塌为拉裂式崩塌, 主要受危岩体岩性组合和坡体结构面组合控制, 其孕灾模式为差异风化阶段→岩体结构变形破坏阶段→悬挑危岩阶段→崩塌失稳落下阶段, 具有典型的碎屑流运动特征。同时利用动力学模型软件DAN-W对该崩塌碎屑流的运动过程进行计算, 得到崩塌碎屑流的运动时长约为50 s, 堆积体平均厚度达到2 m, 最大速度为11.5 m·s-1, 冲击最远距离达到315 m, 与实际情况相符。表明DAN-W模型可以用来分析红层崩塌碎屑流的动力学灾害效应, 为红层地区类似的潜在崩塌碎屑流灾害的形成特征和运动效应分析提供借鉴。 相似文献
11.
Xueliang Wang Luqing Zhang Jixin Ding Qingfeng Meng Javed Iqbal Lihui Li Zhifa Yang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(11):4639-4652
This study shows a rockfall susceptibility assessment at local scale in north Beijing of China, including the identification of rockfall sources onsite by terrain and rock discontinuities analysis and run-out distance prediction by Rocfall? simulation. Two types of rockfall were defined including one type on the cliffs with long inclined slopes and another type on the road slopes with low height. Two historical rockfall events were used to back-calibrating the parameters used for run-out distance simulation. Based on the work, rockfall susceptibility map at local scale was created in GIS, which was compared with the map obtained at regional scale (entire Huairou district scale). Due to the difference of approaches applied, procedure of assessment and types of source data acquired, the two resulting rockfall susceptibility maps are proved to be different. Still, both of them are useful and could be used at different level’s decision for rockfall prevention and mitigation. Different types of uncertainties exist in the study of rockfall susceptibility assessment. To reduce the uncertainties, studies on both approaches and techniques are suggested. 相似文献
12.
Marta Fernandez-Hernández Carlos Paredes Ricardo Castedo Miguel Llorente Rogelio de la Vega-Panizo 《Natural Hazards》2012,64(2):1247-1271
A semi-quantitative heuristic methodology is developed to map a rockfall detachment susceptibility zonation of El Hierro Island (Canary Archipelago). The rationalized procedure, which we called non-weighted bounded indicators, is based on overlapping thematic maps of conditioning factors to mass movement, which are appropriately and individually rescaled and then composed by addition to obtain a susceptibility numerical index through a GIS. As the consistency of the geomorphological analysis depends on the expert subjective criteria and the appropriate interpretation of the landscape, the use of this methodology reduces subjectivity and quantifies the degree of susceptibility. The main factors affecting the mass movement phenomena (rockfalls events), also recognized in the field and, therefore, considered in the presented GIS arrangement, are slope, profile curvature, lithology, vegetation cover and dykes density. To calculate the slope threshold or minimum angle characteristic of rockfall source areas, mixed Gaussian slope frequency decomposition is used. The curvature index reveals stepwise areas. Qualitative geomechanical characteristics are linked to a quantitative index according to a volcanic lithological-complexes classification. Both destabilization (root-wedging) and stabilization effects are considered into the vegetation cover index. The dyke density index incorporates the bearing rock capacity decrease produced in the halo around a dyke network intrusion. Slope, curvature and vegetation indexes thresholds have been fitted following field observations. A rockfall detachment susceptibility map is obtained and classified based on the histogram maxima. The rockfall inventory, based on rockfall events reported within the island, was used for the model validation. A 12?% of the whole island shows medium to very high susceptibility. 相似文献
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Seismic rockfall is one of the prevalent geohazards that cause huge losses in the earthquake-stricken areas. In the present research, a model is developed to map susceptibility (occurrence probability) of seismic rockfalls in a regional scale using Logistic Regression (LR) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) techniques. In this research, Firooz Abad-Kojour earthquake of 2004 was introduced as the benchmark and the model base. The susceptible zones predicted by LR and ANFIS methods were compared with the database (distribution map) of seismic rockfalls, by which the results revealed a good overlapping between the susceptible zones predicted by the ANFIS and the field observation of rockfalls triggered by this earthquake. Besides, for the statistical evaluation of results obtained by LR and ANFIS models, the verification parameters with high accuracy such as density ratio (Dr), quality sum (Qs), and receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) were used. By analyzing the susceptibility maps and considering the Qs index obtained by LR (21.04184) and ANFIS (26.75592), it could be found that the Qs of ANFIS is higher than that of LR. Moreover, based on the obtained value of the area under the curve (AUC) from LR (0.972) and ANFIS (0.984) methods, ANFIS provided a higher accuracy in zonation and susceptibility mapping of rockfalls triggered by Firooz Abad-Kojour earthquake of 2004 compared to the LR method. 相似文献
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In this study we show the application of a long-range Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) to a detailed rockfall study in a test zone at Vall de Núria, located in the Eastern Pyrenees. Data acquisition was carried out using TLS-Ilris3D, the new generation of reflector-less laser scanners with a high range, accuracy and velocity of measurements. Eight scans were performed at 3 stations to acquire coordinates of almost 4 million points. The results from the acquired data are a high accuracy Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and the reconstruction of the joint geometry. The former is used for inventory of rockfalls and for more accurate rockfall simulation (trajectories and velocities). The latter allows us to model the geometry and volume of the source area in recent rockfalls. Our findings suggest that TLS technology could be a tool of reference in rockfall studies in the near future. 相似文献
16.
Rockfall susceptibility zoning at a large scale: From geomorphological inventory to preliminary land use planning 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Rockfall, up to several hundreds of cubic meters, is a frequent and rapid landslide which menaces extensive areas in mountainous territories. Rockfall susceptibility zoning map at a large scale (1:5000–1:25 000) can be the first tool for land use planning in order to manage rockfall risk. A methodology allowing to analyze susceptibility in extensive areas with optimum cost/benefit relationship is needed. This work analyzes rockfall susceptibility in an extensive rocky mountain of the Principality of Andorra (Pyrenees Mountains), first on the rock slope and then on the exposed area located below. The rockfall record, obtained by means of geomorphological analysis, supplies the main data to analyze the susceptibility on the rock slope. An additional historical inventory verifies the accuracy of rockfall sizes recorded by means of the geomorphological analysis. According to the classification recommended by the Guidelines of Joint Technical Committee, the density of rockfall features on the rock slope assesses susceptibility in four levels. Subsequently, susceptibility on exposed areas has been analyzed by means of reach probability of rock blocks analysis using empirical models. Data acquired from thirteen recent events, from 1999 to 2004, have been used to verify the accuracy of the two empirical models mainly used (reach angle and shadow angle). Five reach probability limits (1, 0.5, 0.25, 0.01, and 0) establish boundaries between susceptibility levels. The resulting rockfall susceptibility zoning map allows: (a) to identify land areas and human elements exposed to rockfalls and, (b) to establish several exposition levels. This map can be a useful and cost-effective tool for administrations responsible to manage natural risk in order to guide urban grow in extensive areas or decide upon work programs based on in-depth analysis (hazard and risk). 相似文献
17.
Landslide susceptibility mapping for a landslide-prone area (Findikli,NE of Turkey) by likelihood-frequency ratio and weighted linear combination models 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
Landslides are very common natural problems in the Black Sea Region of Turkey due to the steep topography, improper use of
land cover and adverse climatic conditions for landslides. In the western part of region, many studies have been carried out
especially in the last decade for landslide susceptibility mapping using different evaluation methods such as deterministic
approach, landslide distribution, qualitative, statistical and distribution-free analyses. The purpose of this study is to
produce landslide susceptibility maps of a landslide-prone area (Findikli district, Rize) located at the eastern part of the
Black Sea Region of Turkey by likelihood frequency ratio (LRM) model and weighted linear combination (WLC) model and to compare
the results obtained. For this purpose, landslide inventory map of the area were prepared for the years of 1983 and 1995 by
detailed field surveys and aerial-photography studies. Slope angle, slope aspect, lithology, distance from drainage lines,
distance from roads and the land-cover of the study area are considered as the landslide-conditioning parameters. The differences
between the susceptibility maps derived by the LRM and the WLC models are relatively minor when broad-based classifications
are taken into account. However, the WLC map showed more details but the other map produced by LRM model produced weak results.
The reason for this result is considered to be the fact that the majority of pixels in the LRM map have high values than the
WLC-derived susceptibility map. In order to validate the two susceptibility maps, both of them were compared with the landslide
inventory map. Although the landslides do not exist in the very high susceptibility class of the both maps, 79% of the landslides
fall into the high and very high susceptibility zones of the WLC map while this is 49% for the LRM map. This shows that the
WLC model exhibited higher performance than the LRM model. 相似文献
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Samaneh Razavizadeh Karim Solaimani Matteo Massironi Ataollah Kavian 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(14):499
The main objective of this study is to investigate potential application of frequency ratio (FR), weights of evidence (WoE), and statistical index (SI) models for landslide susceptibility mapping in a part of Mazandaran Province, Iran. First, a landslide inventory map was constructed from various sources. The landslide inventory map was then randomly divided in a ratio of 70/30 for training and validation of the models, respectively. Second, 13 landslide conditioning factors including slope degree, slope aspect, altitude, plan curvature, stream power index, topographic wetness index, sediment transport index, topographic roughness index, lithology, distance from streams, faults, roads, and land use type were prepared, and the relationships between these factors and the landslide inventory map were extracted by using the mentioned models. Subsequently, the multi-class weighted factors were used to generate landslide susceptibility maps. Finally, the susceptibility maps were verified and compared using several methods including receiver operating characteristic curve with the areas under the curve (AUC), landslide density, and spatially agreed area analyses. The success rate curve showed that the AUC for FR, WoE, and SI models was 81.51, 79.43, and 81.27, respectively. The prediction rate curve demonstrated that the AUC achieved by the three models was 80.44, 77.94, and 79.55, respectively. Although the sensitivity analysis using the FR model revealed that the modeling process was sensitive to input factors, the accuracy results suggest that the three models used in this study can be effective approaches for landslide susceptibility mapping in Mazandaran Province, and the resultant susceptibility maps are trustworthy for hazard mitigation strategies. 相似文献
19.
Guruh Samodra Guangqi Chen Junun Sartohadi Danang Sri Hadmoko Kiyonobu Kasama Muhammad Anggri Setiawan 《Landslides》2016,13(4):805-819
A rockfall susceptibility based on trajectory-energy/velocity approach needs release area or rockfall source. However, identification of rockfall source is not always possible for some areas in Indonesia. This paper presents a rockfall susceptibility zoning based on back analysis technique of rockfall deposit inventory in Gunung Kelir, Java. There were several steps in the rockfall susceptibility zoning: (1) rockfall deposit inventory, (2) rockfall simulation based on back analysis of rockfall deposit inventory, (3) sensitivity analysis, and (4) rockfall susceptibility zoning. The result suggests that the travel distance is affected by the spatial distribution of rockfall source, lithology or surface material, and topography (angle of slope and angle of aspect). Final trajectories were employed to generate landslide susceptibility map which may allow a policy maker to have an advanced consideration to achieve specified risk measures and evaluation of their cost efficiency to optimize budget and design. Application of rockfall susceptibility zoning based on back analysis of rockfall deposits is efficient where rockfall source information is unavailable. 相似文献
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山西壶关太行山大峡谷景区为中国最美十大峡谷之一,但景区落石灾害频发,严重威胁景区安全运营。本文基于高精度地形信息与岩土体强度特性,采用坡度角分布方法开展区域尺度潜在落石源区识别,并引入岩体破坏敏感性指标定量描述潜在落石源区失稳概率。然后,利用经验模型Flow-R模拟落石运动扩散过程,获取落石的传播概率与能量分布情况。最后,提出落石危险性双因子评价模型实现落石危险性定量评估。获得主要结论如下:(1)研究区内潜在落石源区面积为25.7 km2(35.7%),主要以条带状分布于峡谷两侧陡壁。其中岩体破坏高敏感性区为3.3 km2。(2)研究区落石高危险区面积达3.22 km2,主要威胁景区内游客集散地与交通线路,尤其在S327荫林线红豆峡入口处落石危险性最高。(3)野外调查验证结果表明了应用坡度角分布方法识别潜在落石源区的高效性与准确性,提出的双因子评价模型可为峡谷区落石危险性评估提供快速解决方案。本文提出的“区域落石源区识别-源区失稳概率分析-落石危险性评估”的一整套技术方案能够为类似的高山峡谷区落石灾害早期识别及风险防控提供技术参考。 相似文献