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1.
胶州湾位于山东半岛南岸,濒临黄海,附近河流较多,常年有水把大量泥沙和各种有机物质携带进入滩涂和近岸浅水海域。湾内底质复杂,有泥、泥沙、沙、岩石和河口等不同类型的潮间带。 胶州湾生物种类极其丰富,其中有的属于热带的种属代表,如某些蟹类等;还有一些是属于北温带种和风土性较强的亚种或变种。就胶州湾附近不同环境潮间带生物群落组成种类来看,它反映了我国黄、渤海沿岸潮间带生态学的基本特点。 相似文献
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于2004年9月,在胶州湾潮间带河套和红石崖两个区域(分别代表近河和近海区域)分别采集沉积物柱状样品,并分析了样品中有机碳和叶绿素含量。结果表明:(1)胶州湾潮间带沉积物有机碳和总氮质量比分别为1.0～3.0g/kg和0.1～0.3g/kg,随沉积物埋藏深度表现为波动变化,但无明显规律性;(2)胶州湾潮间带沉积物从表层到底层叶绿素a质量比的总体趋势是逐渐降低最后趋于稳定,叶绿素a质量比变化为0.3～5.2g/kg;(3)胶州湾潮间带沉积物中的有机质应属于混源有机质。本实验结果对探讨胶州湾潮间带近河和近海区域沉积物中有机碳和叶绿素的埋藏和降解规律有重要意义。 相似文献
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烟台潮间带大型底栖动物群落组成和结构研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
根据2009年11月至2010年8月对烟台3种典型潮间带的大型底栖动物调查,分析了烟台典型潮间带大型底栖动物的群落结构特征,包括群落种类组成、丰度和生物量、优势种、多样性等,采用MDS和CLUSTER分析了大型底栖动物的群落结构,并用AMBI和m-AMBI对底栖群落和环境质量进行了评估。结果表明:本次调查共鉴定出大型底栖动物111种,其中多毛类动物40种,甲壳动物37种,软体动物29种,棘皮动物1种,鱼类2种,其他动物2种(包括纽虫和腔肠动物各1种)。多毛类动物和甲壳动物占据了研究区域底栖群落的主要成分,两者分别占据了群落总种数的36.04%和33.33%。从季节来看,3种类型潮间带物种数均为冬季最低,而秋季则普遍处于较高水平。物种丰度在3种类型潮间带的分布为泥沙质的渔人码头泥质的养马岛沙质的辛安河口,3种类型潮间带的丰度主要贡献者分别为甲壳动物、软体动物和多毛类动物。渔人码头和辛安河口的生物量均以秋季为最高,而养马岛在冬季达到最高,且远高于其他3个季节;软体动物是3种不同类型潮间带生物量的主要贡献者。烟台3种类型潮间带出现的优势种多达15种,但多数优势种仅在某个潮间带的单个季节出现,优势种受季节和潮间带类型的影响明显;日本大螯蜚(优势度为0.29~0.82)是渔人码头全年的优势种,中型阿曼吉虫则是辛安河口的主要优势物种,养马岛的优势物种则为养殖逃逸的菲律宾蛤仔。与以往历史资料相比,烟台潮间带大型底栖动物已经受到了人类活动的深刻影响,原有的潮间带经济种类已经严重退化或消失。 相似文献
4.
中国海多毛类动物区系研究的初步报告 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
多毛类动物是海洋无脊椎动物中最大的类群之一,并且有着很重要的经济意义。成虫绝大多数营底栖生活,很多种类在软相的底质上分布非常稠密,因此它们在底栖动物的生物量中占了相当重要的地位;幼体主要营浮游生活,在沿岸的浮游生物中常可见到大量的多毛类幼体,这时它们即成为浮游生物主要的成分之一。 相似文献
5.
胶州湾、莱州湾潮间带沉积物污染比较 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
系统地在胶州湾、莱州湾潮间带获取表层沉积物样，对沉积物中有机污染（有机质，石油类）、重金属（汞，铜，铅，锌，镉，铬，砷）、营养盐（总磷，总氮，总碳）、硫化物进行了定量测定。分析结果表明：除镉、总磷外，各物质在胶州湾潮间带的质量分数普遍大于在莱州湾潮间带内的质量分数；Q型聚类分析将两湾分成两类，受到工业排污、生活污水等人为因素影响严重的胶州湾东部为一类，而受人为因素影响较小的胶州湾西部和莱州湾等其余站位为一类；胶州湾潮间带生态危害程度要高于莱州湾潮间带。 相似文献
6.
胶州湾浮游藻类生态现象 总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23
胶州湾位于北纬35°55′～36°18′,东经120°04′～120°23′,面积为390km2,平均水深为7m ,是一个半封闭型海湾,良好的自然条件,滋润着丰富多样的生物群落。胶州湾浮游植物已鉴定的种类约175种,近年初级生产力(以C计)平均为503mg/(m2·d),浮游动物生物量约100mg/m3,已鉴定种类为110种,底栖动物平均生物量为73.6g/m2,栖息度为203.6个/m2,产量最高的经济底栖动物是菲律宾蛤仔[1]。此外,胶州湾是多种经济鱼、虾、蟹类的繁殖、发育和索饵场所,也是对虾、扇贝、海带等经济物种的养殖基地。胶州湾周围为青岛、胶州、胶南等城市所环抱,形成了高度… 相似文献
7.
根据2000～2004年共19个季度月对胶州湾进行系统的5个全年度检测,对胶州湾肠鳃类动物的分布范围、出现率和栖息密度进行了分析和总结.结果表明,胶州湾的肠鳃类共分布有3科4属4种,即黄岛长吻虫(Saccoglossus hwangtauensis)、三崎柱头虫(Balanoglossus misakensis)、多鳃孔舌形虫(Glossobalanus polybranchioporus)和青岛粗吻虫(Glandiceps qingdaoensis);前3种主要分布在潮间带,黄岛长吻虫在潮下带也有发现;青岛粗吻虫分布于湾内中西部潮下带,以湾顶部出现率高,栖息密度大.肠鳃类的分布与底质有密切关系. 相似文献
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碳氮稳定同位素比值在潮间带大型底栖动物组织间差异性研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
近年来，稳定同位素技术已被广泛应用于食物网研究中。然而，生物样品取样部位对食物网构建的影响的研究相对少见。大型底栖动物作为潮间带食物网的重要组成部分，在食物网研究中有必要对其采样部位进行统一，以增加研究结果的准确性及可比较性。本研究选取黄河三角洲和烟台潮间带10种代表性的大型底栖动物，比较δ13C和δ15N在不同采样部位中的差异。结果显示，对于大多数底栖动物而言，采样部位将直接影响到δ13C和δ15N的测定结果。当底栖动物作为摄食者，需分析其食性和营养级时，应统一采用肌肉组织，如贝类的闭壳肌或足部肌肉，蟹类的鳌足肌肉，鱼类的背部肌肉；当底栖动物作为被摄食者，需分析次级消费者的食性和营养级时，除多毛类采用去除消化道内容物的体壁外，其他种类应选取整体（难以被消化的组织除外），如贝类的软体部，蟹类肌肉与鳃等的混合组织。 相似文献
10.
海州湾潮间带大型底栖动物的分布特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
于2002年6月对海州湾3种底质的潮间带底栖动物进行了采样分析.结果显示,该区被鉴定出的大型底栖动物共有98种,其中多毛类为13种、软体动物为53种、甲壳类为25种、棘皮动物为2种、其它类动物为5种,软体动物和甲壳类的种类可占80%;该区潮间带大型底栖动物的平均生物量和平均栖息密度分别为257.30 g/m2和953个/m2,软体动物生物量(201.19 g/m2)和栖息密度(727 个/m2)分别占总数的78%和76%.经底栖动物种类相似性聚类分析和多维尺度排序,可将该区潮间带大型底栖动物划分为岩礁、沙滩和泥沙滩3个群落.通过对3个底栖动物群落的生态特征及相关环境因子分析得出:对于种类,泥沙滩群落 > 岩礁群落 > 沙滩群落;对于生物量、息栖密度、多样性指数和均匀度指数,岩礁群落 > 泥沙滩群落 > 沙滩群落;泥沙滩群落中的TE断面优势种分布显著而使多样性指数和均匀度指数明显低于其它两条泥沙滩断面.沙滩群落和岩礁群落的底栖动物分布分别与海水浴场和货运码头较多的人为活动影响有关,而泥沙滩群落的分布差异主要与海岸开敞度、海流潮汐作用、滩涂贝类养殖及优势种分布影响有关.泥沙滩是该区经济贝类的重要养殖场所,为使养殖种类健康生长,建议对沿岸排污口水质及养殖区沉积物环境质量进行定期监测. 相似文献
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Tidal flushing of animal burrows in mangrove swamps provides an effective and important mechanism for transport of salt and other soluble substances. The burrows have complex morphologies consisting of multiple loops. Using established computational modelling techniques, burrow geometries were simulated from characteristic burrow dimensions and the effect of multiple loops on flushing is studied. The computational models show that flushing is enhanced in multiple-loop burrows as upper loops can be completely evacuated, increasing the volume of burrow water removed. The models indicate that there may be a depth limit to which flushing occurs in complex burrow structures. Periscope loops extend further than one characteristic loop depth and are shown to affect the flushing of burrows if the surface-water plume penetrates to their lower depth. Periscope loops with surface openings on the downstream side of the burrow, relative to the tidal inundation, most frequently experience this condition and thus have a great impact on burrow flushing. Field measurements of salinity agree with the hypothesis that there is a depth limit of flushing for complex burrows that is independent of burrow salinity, and suggest a value of 30–35 cm. The measurements also support the suggestion that significant flushing of burrows occurs within a single tidal event. An experiment considered the movement of animals across the interface created by low-salinity surface water and high-salinity burrow water after a partial flushing event. The motion enhances the effective diffusion coefficient of salt by a factor of at least 102, as compared with free diffusion of salt in water, resulting in a more even distribution of dissolved salt in the burrow water between tidal inundations. This distribution may lead to an increase in the depth to which flushing occurs during subsequent inundations. 相似文献
13.
Eugenia Fanjul María A. Grela Alejandro Canepuccia Oscar Iribarne 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008
Along the coastal areas of the Southwest Atlantic estuaries and embayments, phreatic water often circulates through very extended areas (up to several hundred meters perpendicular to the coast), dominated by dense assemblages of deep burrows of the crab Neohelice granulata (formerly Chasmagnathus granulatus). This crab inhabits the intertidal area, from mudflats to marshes vegetated by species of Spartina, Sarcocornia and Juncus, generating extensive burrowing beds where burrow density may reach up to 60 burrows m−2. Since the lower limit of the crab burrows is usually the water table, we investigated through field experiments the effect of N. granulata and their burrows on the chemical characteristics of this phreatic water. Water analysis from experimental (1) occupied burrows (with crabs), (2) unoccupied burrows (where crabs were excluded), and (3) sediment pore water show remarkable differences. Water oxygenation, and nitrate, ammonium and sulphate concentrations inside occupied burrows were higher than in the water inside unoccupied burrows or pore waters. Moreover, directed sampling of phreatic water entering and leaving the crab bed, shows that dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentration is enhanced as the water crosses the crab bed. These results may be ascribed to the fact that in the salt marsh the crabs spend most of their time within burrows, where presumably they store food (plants) and defecate. These activities generate an area of accumulation of excrements and nutrients in different decomposition states. The present work shows a novel way by which bioturbating organisms can affect nutrients exportation from salt marshes to the open waters. 相似文献
14.
Abstract. The red band-fish, Cepola rubescens L., lives in burrows in sublittoral muddy sediments. The authors first presented information on the burrows of this species in the 1970s. The present paper presents new information on burrow structure, describes the method of excavation, and comments on the bioturbatory significance of the species. The work derives from field and laboratory studies. A burrow typically consists of a vertical shaft which opens into an expanded terminal chamber. In some cases a side shaft may be added. The paper includes a size analysis of 130 burrows measured in the field and detailed morphological information from a selection of burrows which were cast with polyester resin. The fish burrows are frequently intersected by the burrows of other species and interspecific associations may develop. Burrow size reflects the size of the occupant and may approach 1 m in depth. The biogenic movement of water and particles to this depth is often overlooked in bioturbation studies and is discussed. Burrow distribution is aggregate, which has implications for the bioturbatory impact of the species. Burrows are constructed by mouth excavation and this is described in detail. Fish transport fine material within their mouths and coarse material is grasped in the jaws. Large spoil heaps occur at burrow openings. One obvious effect of this bioturbatory activity at the field site was the redistribution of coarse material (shell gravel) from depth to the sediment surface. 相似文献
15.
The spatial distribution of the ghost crab Ocypode cursor was determined for beaches on eastern Boa Vista Island, Cabo Verde Archipelago. The main objectives were to analyse the across-shore distribution by means of burrow counts and to identify preferential zones and spatial segregation. Six beaches were investigated using 20 across-shore beach transects. It was demonstrated that ghost crabs occur throughout the entire intertidal zone, with higher densities in a 9–13 m band above the waterline. There was an exponential relationship between the carapace length of captured crabs and the diameter of their burrows. Mean burrow diameter was correlated with burrow density and increased linearly with distance from the waterline, although small burrows, representing individuals smaller than the median size, occurred across the beach. Burrow diameter and depth were positively correlated, with larger holes indicating larger crabs and deeper burrows. Deeper burrows were more common in the upper intertidal zone. These results are similar to those described for ghost crab populations elsewhere and contribute to an understanding of the ecology of the species in the local context. 相似文献
16.
三突蛀木水虱 Limnoria tripunctata Menzies (图1)属甲壳纲、等足目、扇肢亚目、蛀木水虱科(Limnoridae),分布于太平洋、大西洋和印度洋,在我国是一种常见的蛀木害虫。
三突蛀木水虱的体型较小,在木材表面凿木穴居,一般不易见到。它是海洋中木船、网樯、码头桩柱、海港护木和养殖池闸门等木质结构物的破坏者之一，能造成巨大的经济损失。
为了有效地防除蛀木水虱,需要对它的生态学和生物学进行详细的研究。本文根据作者1983-1984年在青岛港对三突蛀木水虱自然种群进行为时一周年的随机取样调查分析,和连续几年在实验室培养实验观察的结果,对其繁殖习性探讨、报道如下。 相似文献
17.
An examination of split core photographs from the north-central Pacific reveals the presence of three different burrow morphologies. Simple burrows occur throughout the region. Halo burrows are present in water deeper than 4,000 m (3,000 m along the equator) and removed from continental areas. Imbricate burrows are uncommon and have an irregular distribution. Organisms responsible for the burrows are interpreted as surface to near-surface feeders which do not penetrate deeply into the sediments. Thus, the zone of sediment mixing caused by burrowing ranges from 10 to 30 cm and averages 20 cm. 相似文献
18.
Pauline A. Nye 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):243-254
Macrophthalmus hirtipes (Jacquinot, 1853) excavates burrows under water in soft, muddy sand that remains waterlogged at low tide. The crabs are immersed for at least 4 h in every tide. The burrows are usually single, blind‐ending, slightly curved passages; their openings do not appear to be deliberately closed by the crabs. Excavation is effected by using one set of walking legs as a scoop while the other set provides sideways traction. Burrow openings are readily obscured by water movement, so that apparent burrow density does not give a true indication of the number of crabs in an area, but only indicates how many have been active recently; the true density may be found by sieving. The burrowing activity of M. hirtipes is compared with that of other ocypodid crabs, and the functions of burrows are discussed. A distinction is made between excavating a burrow and rapid burying, because the two behaviours are very different, and must involve different adaptations and selection pressures. 相似文献
19.
Macrofaunal burrows increase the surface area of the sediment-water interface, which has a great impact on the metabolism of aerobic microbes and the oscillation of reduced metabolites within the sediment. Given the importance of macrofauna in surficial sediments, the aim of this study is to examine the effects of burrow architectures on dissolved oxygen diffusion rates in comparison with unburrowed sediment, and thereby to evaluate the theoretical assumption used for modeling solute distribution in the burrow system using field samples. Employing microsensors, horizontal oxygen profiles were measured on a micrometer scale around burrows of seven invertebrates in tidal flats of the west coast of Korea. Oxygen diffusion distance through the burrow walls of seven invertebrates showed spatio-temporal variation with a range of 0.6 to 2.9 mm. Two groups of burrows were identified based on their oxygen diffusive properties relative to unburrowed sediments: 1) oxygen penetration similar to that of ambient sediments and 2) clearly enhanced oxygen penetration. Differences in the diffusive properties of the burrow wall were related to the burrow depth and diameter, existence of mucus lining on the wall, sediment grain size, and tidal phases. Also inhabitant activity was an important factor affecting oxygen penetration, which is discussed in the paper. These results further demonstrate that simplified assumptions (i.e. burrow structures are viewed as direct biogeochemical extensions of the sediment-water interface) may not be exact representation of the nature. 相似文献
20.
The reproductive ecology of the mudskipper Boleophthalmus pectinirostris was investigated during the spawning season in the Funing Bay, Fujian, China. The fish burrows were basically Y-shaped and had two openings onto the mudflats. Part of the intersection at the center of the burrow was dilated to form a "spawning chamber". The dissolved oxygen concentrations (0.40~0.65 mg/dm3)of water 15 cm deep inside the burrows were much lower than those (5.96~6.19 mg/dm3) of intertidal pool water. Water temperatures inside the burrows were much lower than those of intertidal pools. Field investigations indicated that eggs were laid on the inner wall and ceiling of the spawning chamber by means of filamentous attachments, and a male stayed inside the burrows to guard it. Field investigations also suggested that fish of both sexes constructed mud burrows by themselves but that the spawning chamber was made only in the male burrow. The male attracted a female to his burrow for mating and spawning. There was no water in the spawning chamber, and thus the eggs were exposed to the air in the chamber. Changes in spawning readiness and gonadosomatic index indicated that synchronization of spawning was related to the semi-lunar periodicity, and this is the first report of this relationship in the mudskippers. 相似文献