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晚三叠世-侏罗纪是羌塘盆地大型海相沉积盆地形成时期,是研究羌塘盆地形成过程、判别盆地性质的重要时期.本文通过区域构造、盆地充填建造和岩相古地理分析,提出了该时期的羌塘盆地并非晚三叠世前陆盆地(或弧后盆地)和侏罗纪弧后盆地(前陆盆地),而是晚三叠世早期(肖茶卡期)的陆表海盆地和晚三叠世诺利期-中侏罗世巴柔期(那底岗日期-雀莫错期)的坳陷-裂陷盆.肖茶卡期内陆盆地主要受可可西里-金沙江活动带的控制,沉积期后出现的海退事件可能与冈瓦纳大陆与欧亚大陆的碰撞作用有关;那底岗日期-索瓦期羌塘盆地的强烈拉张断陷可能反映冈瓦纳大陆边缘的总体构造背景. 相似文献
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基于北羌塘坳陷上三叠统基干剖面实测资料,开展地层层序划分对比和沉积相研究,建立沉积演化模式,揭示对羌塘盆地油气勘探的指示意义。结果表明：（1）北羌塘坳陷晚三叠世卡尼期—诺尼期可以划分为2个Ⅲ级层序,区域上沉积了4套地层,第1个Ⅲ级层序对应于甲丕拉组（LST）和波里拉组（TST、HST）,第2个Ⅲ级层序对应于阿堵拉组（SMT、TST和HST）和夺盖拉组（RST）;（2）北羌塘坳陷甲丕拉组沉积期主要沉积相为扇三角洲和三角洲,波里拉组沉积期可分为沿岸生物礁模式、远端变陡缓坡模式和碳酸盐岩台地模式,阿堵拉组沉积期主要以海岸、浅海陆棚相和三角洲相为主;（3）波里拉组外缓坡亚相和阿堵拉组浅海陆棚相可形成良好的灰泥岩类烃源岩,其中以阿堵拉组广覆式浅海陆棚相泥质烃源岩最重要,波里拉组油苗以海相成因和中高成熟度为主,主要来源于波里拉组外缓坡亚相泥灰岩,后期低熟油来自阿堵拉组浅海陆棚相混合型有机质。北羌塘坳陷发育多个大型富烃凹陷,上三叠统具有良好的生烃成藏条件,研究对深化羌塘油气地质认识,聚焦油气勘探目的层系具有重要地质意义。 相似文献
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通过对南羌塘盆地羌资-2井石油地质浅钻的岩心录井和样品测试分析表明:中侏罗世阿林期-巴柔期,南羌塘盆地处于被动大陆边缘演化阶段,沉积了一套向上变粗变浅的三角洲相进积序列的色哇组,粒度分析概率累计曲线主要以跳跃和悬浮次总体为主,粒度C-M图反映了辫状河三角洲沉积特点,孢粉分析揭示了热带-亚热带干热气候特征:中侏罗世巴通期,盆地过渡为相对稳定的坳陷盆地发展阶段.沉积了以富含鲕粒、砂砾屑和生屑等颗粒灰岩为特征的碳酸盐台地浅滩化沉积序列的布曲组.从中侏罗世阿林期至巴通期,整个南羌塘盆地经历了一次完整的海侵-海退沉积旋回,从下至上依次出现前三角洲亚相→三角洲前缘亚相→台前缓坡亚相→开阔台地亚相→局限台地亚相的沉积序列. 相似文献
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藏北羌塘盆地早侏罗世-中侏罗世早期沉积构造特征 总被引：19，自引：1，他引：18
侏罗纪早期是研究羌塘盆地形成过程、判别盆地性质的重要时期.通过开展早侏罗世-中侏罗世早期的沉积相、古流向、沉积厚度统计等分析,恢复了该时期羌塘盆地的古地理面貌,提出了侏罗纪早期羌塘盆地并非前陆盆地,而是伸展构造背景下形成的裂陷型盆地.该时期盆地以中央隆起带为界,南部为陆缘开阔海盆地,形成滨岸-浅海陆棚相碎屑岩沉积;北部为陆缘近海湖盆,成盆初期(托尔期)发生强烈的裂陷活动,形成一套火山碎屑岩沉积体系,可识别出三个北西向分布的裂陷槽,巴柔期快速下沉,沉积一套厚达2 000 m以上的冲积扇-湖泊三角洲-湖盆相碎屑岩夹少量灰岩和石膏沉积,沉降中心位于湖盆南部,表现出明显的继承性,随后逐步向北东迁移,海水自中央隆起带中段频繁向湖盆浸漫.巴通期中央隆起带进一步下沉,南、北羌塘连成一个统一的拗陷盆地,从此沉积作用进入稳定发展阶段,形成稳定的碳酸盐岩台地沉积体系. 相似文献
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本文简要总结了西藏措勤盆地相关区域的地层学研究进展。近年来,笔者及研究团队对措勤盆地及邻区进行了多次野外地质调查和室内古生物鉴定和研究,获得了一些新的发现和认识,在结合前人在相关地区取得的地层学成果和资料的基础上,厘定了该地区上二叠统—侏罗系的地层序列。措勤盆地的上二叠统是以文布当桑组为代表的灰岩和以木纠错组为代表的白云岩。三叠系存在着广海陆棚相和碳酸盐岩台地两种地层序列:前者自下而上划分为下三叠统嘎仁错组、中三叠统至上三叠统卡尼阶珠龙组、上三叠统诺利阶江让组、上三叠统瑞替阶至下侏罗统敌布错组;后者自下而上划分为木纠错组、待建的中三叠统、上三叠统诺利阶麦隆岗组和上三叠统瑞替阶至下侏罗统的确哈拉组。下侏罗统与上三叠统瑞替阶难以区分开。中侏罗统的岩性为深海-半深海相泥岩夹有基性-超基性岩。上侏罗统自下而上划分为萨波直不勒组和吐卡日组,目前尚未发现提唐阶的化石,因此推测下白垩统多尼组和吐卡日组之间有沉积间断。措勤盆地在晚二叠世—早三叠世、晚三叠世诺利期和晚侏罗世牛津期—基默里奇期都处于碳酸盐岩台地环境,冈底斯地区在中三叠世和中侏罗世发生了2期构造伸展事件,在晚三叠世诺利期末期和晚侏罗世基默里奇期晚期发生了两次构造抬升事件。构造伸展和挤压抬升造成了海平面的反复升降变化,导致了深水和浅水沉积相的垂向叠置,为油气成藏创造了良好的沉积建造组合条件。上二叠统—侏罗系地层序列还有待于进一步完善,应该加大地层古生物学的投入力度。 相似文献
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位于羌塘盆地东部的羌资-16井首次在羌塘盆地钻遇了完整的上三叠统—中下侏罗统地层,清晰的记录了盆地东部晚三叠世—早中侏罗世时期的沉积环境转变。本文在对羌资-16井岩芯的野外详细观察和室内分析的基础上,结合前期在该区实施的羌资-7井和羌资-8井资料,综合分析了羌塘盆地东部晚三叠世—早中侏罗世过渡时期的沉积环境变化特征。上三叠统地层主要包括波里拉组、巴贡组和鄂尔陇巴组,分别形成于局限台地、三角洲和火山喷发环境,标志着羌塘盆地前陆盆地演化结束和新一轮裂谷盆地的开启。中—下侏罗统雀莫错组底部紫红色底砾岩沉积代表了裂谷盆地开启后的初始沉积,形成于河流沉积环境,而后随着南部海水侵入,逐渐过渡为陆缘近海湖沉积环境。总体上,晚三叠世—早中侏罗世时期,羌塘盆地东部表现为前陆盆地海相沉积的消亡■裂谷盆地的开启■裂谷盆地早期充填的演化过程。晚三叠世诺利期开始(～220 Ma),羌塘盆地晚三叠世海相沉积结束,逐渐向早中侏罗世陆相沉积转变,开始了羌塘侏罗纪盆地的沉积演化历史。 相似文献
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羌塘盆地上三叠统日干配错组、土门各拉组和肖茶卡组、那底岗日组分别分布于南、北羌塘凹陷。在以往研究和笔者在中国地质调查局青藏重点沉积盆地油气资源潜力分析项目工作基础上,通过对各地层单元的详细研究和区域对比,从古生物、岩石组合、沉积系列、地层单元的接触关系、年代地层进行了综合分析。结果显示北羌塘凹陷那底岗日组与南羌塘凹陷日干配错组和土门各拉组的时代主要为晚三叠世诺利期—瑞替期,三者为羌塘晚三叠世诺利期—瑞替期裂陷盆地形成过程中的同期异相的火山-沉积系列。北羌塘凹陷肖茶卡组的是残留陆表海沉积产物,其时代主要为晚三叠世卡尼期-诺利期早期,与那底岗日组、日干配错组和土门各拉组均为上下对比关系。 相似文献
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位于羌塘盆地东部的羌资- 16井首次在羌塘盆地钻遇了完整的上三叠统—中下侏罗统地层,清晰的记录了盆地东部晚三叠世—早中侏罗世时期的沉积环境转变。本文在对羌资-16井岩芯的野外详细观察和室内分析的基础上,结合前期在该区实施的羌资-7井和羌资-8井资料,综合分析了羌塘盆地东部晚三叠世—早中侏罗世过渡时期的沉积环境变化特征。上三叠统地层主要包括波里拉组、巴贡组和鄂尔陇巴组,分别形成于局限台地、三角洲和火山喷发环境,标志着羌塘盆地前陆盆地演化结束和新一轮裂谷盆地的开启。中—下侏罗统雀莫错组底部紫红色底砾岩沉积代表了裂谷盆地开启后的初始沉积,形成于河流沉积环境,而后随着南部海水侵入,逐渐过渡为陆缘近海湖沉积环境。总体上,晚三叠世—早中侏罗世时期,羌塘盆地东部表现为前陆盆地海相沉积的消亡裂谷盆地的开启裂谷盆地早期充填的演化过程。晚三叠世诺利期开始（~220 Ma）,羌塘盆地晚三叠世海相沉积结束,逐渐向早中侏罗世陆相沉积转变,开始了羌塘侏罗纪盆地的沉积演化历史。 相似文献
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在大量的区域地质调研和野外露头观测资料基础上,详细研究了西藏羌塘盆地东部中生代不同构造单元的沉积充填序列、地层发育特征与接触关系、构造界面性质、沉积体系配置和沉积相分布等,阐述了盆地沉积与周缘构造带演化之间的耦合关系,重建了研究区中生代不同时期的构造古地理面貌。研究表明,羌塘盆地是一个大型叠复式盆地,盆地东部中生代有海相、海陆过渡相和陆相3个沉积体系组、9个沉积体系和多个沉积（亚）相。盆地内部包括南羌塘坳陷、北羌塘坳陷、唐古拉山隆起带,以及不同时期的次级凸起与断凹等构造单元。其中,多玛断凹是以前石炭纪构造片岩为基底的侏罗纪-早白垩世早期被动大陆边缘陆表海盆地,早白垩世晚期转换为前陆盆地,晚白垩世以来与索县-左贡断凹联合为一体,在陆内造山过程中经历了压陷型盆地充填演化阶段。索县-左贡断凹是在晚三叠世班公湖-怒江沟-弧-盆体系基础上发展起来的前陆盆地。北羌塘坳陷是以华力西期开心岭-杂多隆起带为基底,经过晚三叠世昌都前陆盆地沉积、早侏罗世断陷盆地火山-沉积作用之后,于中侏罗世与索县-左贡断凹联合为一体,形成北羌塘-昌都巨型坳陷型盆地。白垩纪北羌塘陆块和昌都陆块处于隆升剥蚀状态。 相似文献
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在西藏境内喜马拉雅山脉的东端的南迦巴瓦峰地区发现了星叶石。该矿物产出于火成碳酸岩脉中，与白云石、方解石、镁橄榄石、镁铝尖晶石、金云母、韭闪石、磷灰石、镁钛矿、石榴石以及三种未定名副矿物共生。该矿物的晶胞参数为：ａ０＝５．３５６（１），ｂ０＝１１．６０７（４），ｃ０＝１１．８５１（６），α＝６４．５７°（３），β＝７６．９８°（４），γ＝８５．４５°（３）。化学成分（％）为：ＳｉＯ２３５．２２，ＴｉＯ２１１．４７，Ａｌ２Ｏ３１．１８，ＦｅＯ２８．９０，ＭｎＯ５．１５，ＭｇＯ１．５１，ＣａＯ１．７５，Ｋ２Ｏ５．９０，Ｎａ２Ｏ２．４６，总和９３．５４％，化学式为：（Ｋ，Ｎａ）３（Ｆｅ，Ｍｎ，Ｍｇ，Ｃａ）７Ｔｉ２Ｓｉ８Ｏ２４（Ｏ，ＯＨ）７。 相似文献
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Balancing lateral orogenic float of the Eastern Alps 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Hans-Gert Linzer Kurt Decker Herwig Peresson Rudi Dell'Mour Wolfgang Frisch 《Tectonophysics》2002,354(3-4)
Oligocene to Miocene post-collisional shortening between the Adriatic and European plates was compensated by frontal thrusting onto the Molasse foreland basin and by contemporaneous lateral wedging of the Austroalpine upper plate. Balancing of the upper plate shortening by horizontal retrodeformation of lateral escaping and extruding wedges of the Austroalpine lid enables an evaluation of the total post-collisional deformation of the hangingwall plate. Quantification of the north–south shortening and east–west extension of the upper plate is derived from displacement data of major faults that dissect the Austroalpine wedges. Indentation of the South Alpine unit corresponds to 64 km north–south shortening and a minimum of 120 km of east–west extension. Lateral wedging affected the Eastern Alps east of the Giudicarie fault. West of the Giudicarie fault, north–south shortening was compensated by 50 to 80 km of backthrusting in the Lombardian thrust system of the Southern Alps. The main structures that bound the escaping wedges to the north are the Inntal fault system (ca. 50 km sinistral offset), the Königsee–Lammertal–Traunsee (KLT) fault (10 km) and the Salzach–Ennstal–Mariazell–Puchberg (SEMP) fault system (60 km). These faults, as well as a number of minor faults with displacements less than 10 km, root in the basal detachment of the Alps. The thin-skinned nature of lateral escape-related structures north of the SEMP line is documented by industry reflection seismic lines crossing the Northern Calcareous Alps (NCA) and the frontal thrust of the Eastern Alps. Complex triangle zones with passive roof backthrusts of Middle Miocene Molasse sediments formed in front of the laterally escaping wedges of the northern Eastern Alps. The aim of this paper is a semiquantitative reconstruction of the upper plate of the Eastern Alps. Most of the data is published elsewhere. 相似文献
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Carla B.Dimalanta Decibel V.Faustino-Eslava Jillian Aira S.Gabo-Ratio Edanjarlo J.Marquez Jenielyn T.Padrones Betchaida D.Payot Karlo L.Queano Noelynna T.Ramos Graciano P.Yumul Jr. 《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(1):3-21
The proto-Philippine Sea Plate(pPSP)has been proposed by several authors to account for the origin of the Mesozoic supra-subduction ophiolites along the Philippine archipelago.In this paper,a comprehensive review of the ophiolites in the eastern portion of the Philippines is undertaken.Available data on the geology,ages and geochemical signatures of the oceanic lithospheric fragments in Luzon(Isabela,Lagonoy in Camarines Norte,and Rapu-Rapu island),Central Philippines(Samar,Tacloban,Malitbog and Southeast Bohol),and eastern Mindanao(Dinagat and Pujada)are presented.Characteristics of the Halmahera Ophiolite to the south of the Philippines are also reviewed for comparison.Nearly all of the crust-mantle sequences preserved along the eastern Philippines share Early to Late Cretaceous ages.The geochemical signatures of mantle and crustal sections reflect both mid-oceanic ridge and suprasubduction signatures.Although paleomagnetic information is currently limited to the Samar Ophiolite,results indicate a near-equatorial Mesozoic supra-subduction zone origin.In general,correlation of the crust-mantle sequences along the eastern edge of the Philippines reveal that they likely are fragments of the Mesozoic pPSP. 相似文献
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印度与欧亚板块碰撞以来东喜马拉雅构造结的演化 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
在野外填图,构造观察及前人研究的基础上,本文识别并描述了东喜马拉雅构造结中的推覆断裂、正断裂及走滑断裂、背斜(形)和向斜(形)等构造类型,讨论了这些构造位置及与印度板块挤入,印支地块旋转的关系,还探讨了东喜马拉雅构造结对印度板块持续向北推挤下的特殊应变调节方式。在印度大陆部分,东喜马拉雅构造结由3个向外逐渐变新的构造结组成,即北东向的南迦巴瓦峰复式背斜、北西向的桑复式向斜及北东向的阿萨母复式向斜。上述3个构造结是协调印度板块的挤入、喜马拉雅弧的扩展及印支地块的旋转的构造。在欧亚大陆内部的冈底斯岛弧,在派区及阿尼桥走滑断裂协调下,高喜马拉雅结晶岩的基底挤入冈底斯岛弧内部,在大拐弯顶端形成向上的挤出构造。在南迦巴瓦峰构造结的北西侧,由于掀斜式抬升及重力滑动,使得冈底斯盖层与结晶基底脱耦,上盘盖层沿东久向北西方向滑动。在南迦巴瓦峰构造结北东侧,由于印支地块的挤出和旋转,形成一系列的北西向走滑断裂,如实皆断裂、嘉黎-高黎贡断裂、澜沧江断裂及红河断裂等。 相似文献
16.
Data from the temporary TRANSALP seismic network were analysed to investigate the seismic anisotropy in the upper mantle beneath the Eastern Alps. We operated mostly short period and some broadband stations in a dense linear array, which transects the Eastern Alps at 12° E longitude. Recorded SKS and SKKS phases with different backazimuths were used simultaneously to calculate the splitting parameters of delay time and fast axis direction for each seismic station. While we found variations in the delay times between 0.8 and 2.0 s, the determined fast axis directions prove to be rather consistent along the profile (60°–70° N). They coincide well with the trend of the Eastern Alps, thus suggesting orogen-parallel flow in the upper mantle. Our findings support the earlier proposed idea that the Adriatic indenter which was forced northwards into the European plate during the late stage of the Alpine orogeny, triggered an escape movement to the less constrained Pannonian basin to the east. 相似文献
17.
J. H. KRUHL 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1993,11(1):31-47
Abstract At the basement-cover boundary of the north-eastern Tauern Window (Eastern Alps), the following Alpine P-T-d development has been reconstructed on the basis of macro- and micro-structures as well as preferred crystallographic orientations, mineral parageneses and compositions.
During increasing P-T conditions in the greenschist facies a first period of deformation produced imbrication of the basement gneisses and cover sediments, and then monoclinal folds up to the kilometre scale. Tectonic transport was continuously top-to-the-ENE. A second period of deformation began at about peak P-T conditions of 9 kbar and c. 540–560°C in the south, and about 7–9 kbar and 490–500° C in the north; this continued locally to lower temperature. During the second period, transport was continuously top-to-the-SE. Crystallographic orientations of white mica and plagioclase give particularly useful information on the kinematic framework. In addition, data on the ductile behaviour of dolomite and plagioclase can be inferred. At c. 7–9 kbar, dolomite recrystallization starts at 450–480° C, and the beginning of plagioclase recrystallization coincides with the oligoclase boundary.
In general, the Alpine geodynamic history of the basement-cover boundary may be related to continental collision processes between a northerly plate (European or Briançonnais) and a southerly (Adriatic) one. The first deformation period possibly reflects subduction of the gneiss-sediment boundary toward the WSW, to a depth of 31–32 km. The second period may be a result of obduction toward the NW, followed by late-stage uplift. Most of the basement domes of the eastern Tauern Window appear as a result of the final stage of the first deformation, formed prior to the peak of metamorphism, possibly partly influenced by the final collision between the northern and the southern continents. 相似文献
During increasing P-T conditions in the greenschist facies a first period of deformation produced imbrication of the basement gneisses and cover sediments, and then monoclinal folds up to the kilometre scale. Tectonic transport was continuously top-to-the-ENE. A second period of deformation began at about peak P-T conditions of 9 kbar and c. 540–560°C in the south, and about 7–9 kbar and 490–500° C in the north; this continued locally to lower temperature. During the second period, transport was continuously top-to-the-SE. Crystallographic orientations of white mica and plagioclase give particularly useful information on the kinematic framework. In addition, data on the ductile behaviour of dolomite and plagioclase can be inferred. At c. 7–9 kbar, dolomite recrystallization starts at 450–480° C, and the beginning of plagioclase recrystallization coincides with the oligoclase boundary.
In general, the Alpine geodynamic history of the basement-cover boundary may be related to continental collision processes between a northerly plate (European or Briançonnais) and a southerly (Adriatic) one. The first deformation period possibly reflects subduction of the gneiss-sediment boundary toward the WSW, to a depth of 31–32 km. The second period may be a result of obduction toward the NW, followed by late-stage uplift. Most of the basement domes of the eastern Tauern Window appear as a result of the final stage of the first deformation, formed prior to the peak of metamorphism, possibly partly influenced by the final collision between the northern and the southern continents. 相似文献
18.
In this paper, we compare the petrological histories of the Kemp Land Coast (east Antarctica), and Gokavaram area (Eastern Ghats), that were supposed to have been juxtaposed. The area around Gokavaram is dominated by different varieties of paragneisses (pelitic, quartzofeldspathic, and calcareous composition) with relatively minor amounts of orthogneisses (mafic, enderbitic, and granitic composition). The rocks were involved in three major phases of deformation, and were finally affected by localised shear movement. On the basis of reaction textures, well preserved in high Mg-Al granulites, and calc-silicate granulites, and geothermobarometric data we deduce a polymetamorphic evolution of the rocks. Following an early M1 metamorphism culminating at 9.2–9.4 kbar, > 950°C, the rocks cooled nearly isobarically down to 850°C. During a subsequent M2 metamorphism, near isothermal decompression to 5–6 kbar occurred. This was followed by near isobaric cooling down to 600–650°C. M3 is a weak amphibolite facies overprint, largely restricted to late shears, which involved hydration as well. Available radiometric data from this area can be interpreted in terms of partial resetting of U-Pb systematics in older sphenes due to M3 metamorphism at ca. 550 Ma. Despite the absence of sufficient isotopic data on the Eastern Ghats granulites, we document a remarkable similarity in the petrological history of the two supposedly erstwhile neighbours. 相似文献
19.
A number of studies have explored the effect of anthropogenic emissions on the development and evolution of precipitation in different types of clouds; however, the magnitude of the effect is still not clear, particularly for the case of deep, mixed-phase clouds. In this study, changes in the parameterization of the autoconversión process were introduced in the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) model to further evaluate this question. The simulations were initialized with cloud droplet distributions measured from an instrumented C-130 aircraft flying 600-800 km offshore in the intertropical convergence zone during the East Pacific Investigations of Climate (EPIC) project. Two contrasting cases were selected, one with and the other without the influence of anthropogenic aerosols. The simulations indicate that the increased cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations lead to a delay in the formation of rain and to a decrease in precipitation that reaches the surface as a result of the inhibition of the autoconversion of cloud water to rain water and the subsequent delay in the formation of hail. In addition, hail forms at higher levels in the cloud for the case of anthropogenic CCN. The most important process in the production of rain water in both cases is the melting of hail. A decrease in the mass of hail that falls below the freezing level in the polluted case, leads to a decrease in the resulting precipitation at the surface. Changes in the initial concentration of CCN do not appear to influence the storm strength in terms of updrafts and cloud top height, suggesting little sensitivity of the cloud dynamics. A control case simulation using the old microphysics scheme produces much more precipitation than either of the clean and polluted cases. In addition, the clean case with the modified parameterization shows a better agreement to observations than the control case. It is suggested to use the new scheme to simulate deep convective development over tropical maritime regions. 相似文献
20.
利用铸体薄片、扫描电镜及X射线衍射等分析资料对鄂尔多斯盆地东部主要含气层系黏土矿物的特征进行分析,盆地东部黏土矿物主要受物源区母岩、沉积相和成岩作用特征等方面影响,不同层系黏土矿物受影响程度不同,其中二叠系石千峰组千五段和石盒子组盒八段受物源区母岩和沉积相影响较大,山西组二段和太原组受成岩作用和沉积相影响作用明显;加强对不同层系黏土矿物的特征研究,可明确主要含气层系储层的潜在敏感性,这个初步结论对有针对性地保护储层和储层改造具有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献