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1.
用分布于欧亚大陆及西太平洋地区106个宽频带数字地震台站约2万多个长周期波形记录,挑选出沿10600条大圆路径传播的瑞利面波,采用频散分析及波形拟合反演方法,对中国及相邻地区地壳上地幔进行高分辨率三维层析成像。瑞利面波高分辨率速度成像表明,从上地壳到70km深,在东亚东部及西太平洋边缘海地区均为高速分布,西部以青藏高原为中心呈极低速分布。从100～250km深,在东亚东部及西太平洋边缘海,自北向南显示出一条宽2500～4000km,长约8000km的巨型低速异常带。在深度300～400km的平面图上,速度差异幅度不大,塔里木—扬子地块仍然显示为高速分布。东西两部分岩石圈与软流圈的结构有着巨大的差异。西部主要是印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞引起的岩石圈汇聚增厚区,东部则主要是由于软流圈上涌(地幔热物质上升)引起的岩石圈拉张减薄区。古新世印度与欧亚大陆的碰撞汇聚,岩石圈板片以低角度下插到青藏高原之下,引起高原隆起和地壳增厚,西部地区成为岩石圈汇聚区。中生代中晚期东亚大陆东缘岩石圈解体,软流圈物质上涌,岩石圈减薄张裂,形成巨型低速带,并演化为东亚裂谷系。现今的西太平洋边缘海、沟弧盆体系是新生代中晚期太平洋板块、澳大利亚板块与欧亚板块相互作用形成的。 相似文献
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中国岩石圈的基本特征 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
中国及邻区岩石圈结构构造十分复杂,并具有若干明显的特点:中国大陆地壳西厚东薄、南厚北薄,青藏高原地壳平均厚度为60~65 km,最厚达80 km;东部地区一般为30~35 km,南中国海中央海盆平均只有5 km;中国大陆地壳平均厚度为476 km,大大超过全球地壳392 km的平均厚度。中国大陆及邻区岩石圈亦呈西厚东薄、南厚北薄的变化趋势,青藏高原及西北地区岩石圈平均厚度为165 km,塔里木盆地中东部、帕米尔与昌都地区岩石圈厚度可达180~200 km。大兴安岭-太行山-武陵山以东,包括边缘海为岩石圈减薄区,厚度为50~85 km。西部岩石圈、软流圈“层状结构”明显,反映了板块碰撞汇聚的动力学环境;东部岩石圈、软流圈呈“块状镶嵌结构”,岩石圈薄,软流圈厚,反映了地壳拉张、软流圈物质上涌的特点,并在东亚及西太平洋地区85~250 km深处形成一巨型低速异常体。中国东部上、下地壳及地壳、岩石圈地幔之间普遍存在“上老下新”年龄结构。 相似文献
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笔者根据地震面波层析成像结果，对欧亚大陆及西太平洋岩石圈和软流圈速度结构进行了研究，发现东亚至西太平洋间存在一巨型低速异常带，结合构造地质学、地幔岩石学、地球化学及其他地球物理特性的研究，确认该区存在巨型裂谷体系。该巨型裂谷体系的岩石圈和软流圈三维Vs速度结构与太平洋洋中脊、大西洋洋中脊和印度洋洋中脊及其邻区的岩石圈和软流圈地震Vs速度结构十分相似，而与东太平洋边缘现代板块俯冲带的岩石圈与软流圈Vs速度结构有显著差异。在进一步论述该区动力学特征后认为，该巨型裂谷体系是中生代中晚期以来岩石圈整体主动伸展变形，大型裂陷盆地形成，岩石圈强烈拆沉减薄，以及软流圈物质上涌加热引起的。边缘海是在大陆裂谷系形成基础上发展起来的，主导扩张期为中渐新世至中中新世（32－13Ma），这些边缘海在17－15Ma后停止扩张，因而未能将所有边缘海和洋中脊联通。据此划分出4期构造变形动力学演化阶段，现今东亚至西太平洋间大陆裂谷、边缘海与沟弧体系是新生代中晚期以来，邻区各板块构造相互作用叠加的结果。 相似文献
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根据地球物理资料的分析得到,除了东北吉辽地区太平洋板块向大陆俯冲外,当今中国东部其他地区大陆下都没有俯冲太平洋板块的证据。中生代以来中国东部发生的岩石圈巨变不是太平洋板块向中国大陆的俯冲所造成,而是由于软流圈物质上涌形成蘑菇云构造对岩石圈地幔的改造而引发的重大地质事件。软流圈物质的上涌使岩石圈地幔成为新生地幔与残剩地幔并存的结构,岩石圈被激活,稳定的克拉通地壳褶皱变形,地壳减薄,地震频发,岩浆活动活跃,地面沉降,并形成广袤的西太平洋边缘海。但是岩石圈厚度并未减薄,只是由于岩石圈地幔形成了蘑菇云结构使它的速度降低,与周遍地区的岩石圈结构产生明显差别。蘑菇云地幔发育的地区覆盖整个东南亚西太平洋地区。包括中国东北的中东部、华北的东部、华南的东南缘、马来半岛、印尼、菲律宾、日本海、黄海、东海、南海,加罗林盆地和菲律宾海盆。与这个东南亚西太平洋低速岩石圈地幔相对应,还存在一个巨大的大地椭球面正异常,它应是核幔边界的质量过剩所引起。它与印度洋—西藏地区核幔边界质量亏损引起的负大地椭球面异常孪生,并形成一个控制中国大陆构造的深层动力系统,这个动力系统产生的时代可能为中生代或晚古生代。它们之间的地幔环流造成了东南亚西太平洋岩石圈巨变,并驱动印度板块的北移和青藏高原的隆升。 相似文献
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中国及邻近陆域海域地球内部三维结构及动力学研究 总被引：27，自引：3，他引：24
根据国内外最新地球物理和其它地学资料,采用多学科多手段进行综合反演,建立中国及邻区高分辨率地球三维结构模型,为地学各领域提供高精度多参数地球三维模型数据库。对中国及邻近陆域海域岩石圈软流圈结构,过渡带以下直至核幔边界的地幔速度三维分布进行研究。探讨东亚及西太平洋边缘海板块运动、地幔对流、圈层耦合及物质运移等深部动力学问题。对中国大陆及边缘海各地块的结构及相互作用,特别是有关中国东部及边缘海岩石圈拉张减薄、西部岩石圈汇聚增厚的深部动力学过程作了探讨。 相似文献
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欧亚大陆及边缘海岩石圈的结构特性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从地球层块结构的研究思路出发,运用构造解析的理论和方法,对东亚及西太平洋地区人工地震测深和天然地震面波层析成像进行构造解析,发现岩石圈中下部存在形态各异、大小不等的高速块体,结合地质学、地球化学及其他地球物理学标志的综合研究将其称为幔块构造,高速块体或幔块构造是控制东亚西太平洋岩石圈构造格局和岩石圈表层构造变形最基本条件之一。在系统研究该区岩石圈高速块体或幔块构造三维几何结构基础上,建立起东亚西太平洋岩石圈八种三维几何结构型式:克拉通陆根状结构、高原陆根状结构、造山带楔状结构、碎块状结构、香肠状结构、哑铃状结构、藕节状结构和板状结构,以及岩石圈形成与构造演化四种构造类型:克拉通型岩石圈、增厚型岩石圈、减薄型岩石圈和大洋型岩石圈。文章在详细论述岩石圈各结构构造类基本特征的基础上,认为全球最大的青藏高原具有增厚型岩石圈特性,存在大陆根,并且大陆根正在增厚过程中;地震层析成像显示,研究区存在全球最大的东亚大陆巨型裂谷体系,具有减薄型岩石圈特性,新生代晚期东亚大陆巨型裂谷体系被西太平洋沟弧盆体系叠加与改造。根据岩石圈三维结构型式,探讨了岩石圈形成机制与演化模式,东亚大陆边缘岩石圈大规模伸展拆沉减薄作用以及软流圈和地幔物质上涌加热作用与青藏高原岩石圈大规模俯冲碰撞?入增厚作用是东亚大陆及边缘海晚中生代以来地幔动力学最基本的表现型式,从而形成全球最大的青藏高原和全球最大的东亚大陆巨型裂谷体系。 相似文献
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通过分辨率达到0.5°×0.5°×10 km的青藏高原地壳与上地幔三维成像,为研究青藏高原在新生代的动力学作用提供了新的认识.软流圈的波速扰动数据证实,特提斯大洋板块在拆沉后只俯冲到410 km的间断面之上,并不是所有的大洋板块都会俯冲到上地幔底部.这种大洋板块在软流圈拆沉后激发的热流体上涌,造成高原中部大规模的火山喷发,是青藏高原隆升的主要动力来源之一.根据上地幔三维地震层析成像结果定量计算了岩石圈-软流圈界面（LAB）的深度,揭示了软流圈地幔物质的上涌或者岩石圈地块下沉的作用布局,表明青藏高原的东部在新生代动力学作用过程中是一个相对独立的岩石圈地幔块体. 相似文献
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青藏高原地壳与上地幔成层速度结构与深部层间物质的运移轨迹 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
在印度洋板块与欧亚板块碰撞、挤压作用下,促使深部物质重新分异、调整和运移,并导致了地壳的短缩增厚,而且造成了高原的整体隆升和深部壳、幔物质的侧向流展。基于青藏高原腹地和周边地域地壳与上地幔的成层速度结构,特别是其特异层序的展布研究表明,青藏高原地壳巨厚,但岩石圈却相对较薄;地壳中于深20±5km处存在一低速层,层速度为5.7±0.1km/s,厚度为8±2km;上地幔软流圈顶部深度为110±10km;下地壳与上地幔盖层物质以地壳低速层为上滑移面,以岩石圈漂曳的上地幔软流圈顶面为下滑移面,在印度洋板块N-NNE向力源作用下在同步运移,即形成了青藏高原腹地和周边地域特异的大陆地球动力学环境。 相似文献
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利用大量地方地震台站的数据获得了青藏高原地壳上地幔0.5°×0.5°×10 km的高精度三维速度结构,揭示了青藏高原地壳上地幔结构的大量细节,为了解大陆碰撞与高原演化的动力学作用提供了新的证据。根据地震层析成像三维波速数据,计算取得了青藏高原岩石圈底界面深度的三维图,由此发现青藏高原东、西两部属性有本质区别：东部以高波速、较高电阻率和密度的厚岩石圈为主,厚度在150～180 km范围变化;西部以低波速、较低电阻率和密度的薄岩石圈为主,厚度在130～155 km范围变化。上述表明高原东部没有大规模软流圈上涌,而西部发生了大规模软流圈上涌,上涌幅度在20～30 km左右。高原东西部分界线的两个端点坐标分别为(85°E,20°N)和(98°E,40°N)。结合古地磁数据可知,青藏高原东部地块在空间上是40 Ma以来西部陆-陆俯冲作用与东南亚洋-陆俯冲作用之间的作用力转变的过渡带。 相似文献
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南海新生代构造演化及岩石圈三维结构特征 总被引：23，自引：2，他引：23
地震层析资料表明，南海地区，自红河口向南经南海、苏禄海到苏拉威西海，岩石圈速度低，底部横波速度仅4．4km／s，岩石圈厚度在60～80km之间，为薄岩石圈地区。软流层的速度也较低，在4．2-4．4km／s之间，但厚度较大，大于200km。从红河-莺歌海断裂带经南海到苏禄海，存在一条北西向宽约200km的上地幔北西向低速带，面波速度在4．05～4．25km／s之间。由上述资料可见，东亚大陆边缘及边缘海的上地幔存在一巨型低速带，在南海地区低速带的走向为北西向，在东海地区为北北西向。这种走向与地表的区域构造走向基本一致，反映这里新生代构造活动可能与地幔低速带分布有关，即上地幔低速带反映了岩石圈的区域流动。这类岩石圈区域流动引起岩石圈表层的张性构造，形成裂谷及稍后的海底扩张，在亚洲东部边缘形成一系列边缘海盆。 相似文献
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东、西太平洋存在压性和张性两种不同类型的活动大陆边缘。它们产出的地质特征表明,岩石圈相对地幔对流体,持续或幕式地向西滑移。其滑移机制,可从（地球）旋转体不同圈层之间存在不同的（旋转）动量矩得到解释。 相似文献
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The Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road Initiative, abbreviated as the Belt and Road Initiative, is a primary development strategy of China’s future international cooperation. Especially, the energy resource cooperation, including oil and gas resources cooperation, is an important part of this initiative. The Belt and Road has undergone complicated geological evolution, and contains abundant mineral resources such as oil, gas, coal, uranium, iron, copper, gold and manganese ore resources. Among these, Africa holds 7.8% of the world’s total proven oil reserves. The oil and gas resources in Africa are relatively concentrated, with an overall low exploration degree and small consumption demand. Nigeria and Libya contain the most abundant oil resources in Africa, accounting for 2.2% and 2.9% of the world’s total reserves, respectively. Nigeria and Algeria hold the richest natural gas resources in Africa, occupying 2.8% and 2.4% of the world’s total reserves, respectively. Africa’s oil and gas resources are mainly concentrated in Egypt, Sultan and Western Sahara regions in the northern Africa, and the Gulf of Guinea, Niger River and Congo River area in the western Africa. The Russia–Central Asia area holds rich petroleum resources in Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. The potential oil and gas areas include the West Siberia Basin, East Siberia Basin and sea continental shelf in Russia, the northern and central Caspian Basin in Kazakhstan, the right bank of the Amu-Darya Basin, the East Karakum uplift and the South Caspian Basin in Turkmenistan, and the Amu–Daria Basin, Fergana Basin, Afghan–Tajik Basin and North Ustyurt Basin in Uzbekistan. The Middle East oil and gas resources are mainly distributed in the Zagros foreland basin and Arabian continental margin basin, and the main oil-producing countries include Saudi Arabia, Iran and Iraq. The Asia Pacific region is a new oil and gas consumption center, with rapid growth of oil and gas demand. In 2012, this region consumed about 33.6% of the world’s total oil consumption and 18.9% of the world’s total natural gas consumption, which has been ranked the world’s largest oil and gas consumption center. The oil and gas resources are concentrated in China, Indosinian, Malaysia, Australia and India. The abundant European proven crude oil reserves are in Norway, Britain and Denmark and also rich natural gas resources in Norway, Holland and Britain. Norway and Britain contain about 77.5% of European proven oil reserves, which accounts for only 0.9% of the world’s proven reserves. The Europe includes main petroliferous basins of the Voring Basin, Anglo–Dutch Basin, Northwest German Basin, Northeast German–Polish Basin and Carpathian Basin. According to the analysis of source rocks, reservoir rocks, cap rocks and traps for the main petroliferous basins, the potential oil and gas prospecting targets in the Belt and Road are mainly the Zagros Basin and Arabic Platform in the Middle East, the East Barents Sea Basin and the East Siberia Basin in Russia–Central Asia, the Niger Delta Basin, East African rift system and the Australia Northwest Shelf. With the development of oil and gas theory and exploration technology, unconventional petroleum resources will play an increasingly important role in oil and gas industry. 相似文献
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In Turonian/Coniacian time a major plate reorganization occurred in Pacific Ocean that resulted in synchronous climax of compression in Eastern Asia. At this time the spreading rate in the Farallon-Pacific-Izanagi center increased to its maximum, the Kula plate replaced the Izanagi plate, and the convergence angle between the Pacific and Eurasia plates experienced fast rotation. This geodynamic culmination was caused by the peak of overall extension of Pacific lithosphere which could be precisely fixed at ∼89–87 Ma, based on the age/spatial patterns of the Cretaceous seamounts. The maximum of Pacific stretching induced the coeval westward compression both along subduction boundaries and in intraplate environment of Eastern Asia. We summarize and reevaluate the reliable geochronological data of the main Late Cretaceous geological events in Eastern Asia caused by the peak of Pacific dynamics. Increasing westward subduction and compression produced: (a) maximum of high-pressure metamorphism in the Cretaceous accretion units of Taiwan, Japan and Sakhalin islands, (b) immense subduction related volcanic belts extending along the northeast Asian boundary, (c) vast volumes of granitoids which were emplaced during the 95–85 Ma interval everywhere from Chukotka to Sikhote-Alin in Russia, throughout Japan, Korea and SE China. Thermochronological data suggest that (d) the Pacific-induced compression triggered uplift, exhumation and cooling of East China granites with the peak age of orogeny in Great Xing'an Range at 89–87 Ma. Simultaneously, as thermal history results revealed, (e) subsidence and burial heating in Cretaceous sedimentary basins inverted to cooling. This compressional peak is also well documented by (f) the ∼88–86 Ma Qingshankou/Yaojia unconformity in the postrift successions of the lacustrine Songliao Basin. Seismostratigraphy study of the main (T11) unconformity shows huge, gentle folds whose apices were truncated by exposure and denudation caused by the westward compression. Thus the Pacific-induced deformation at ∼87–89 Ma encompassed the whole eastern Asia from subduction boundary into the hinterland. 相似文献
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CHEN Xuanhu DONG Shuwen SHI Wei DING Weicui ZHANG Yiping LI Bing SHAO Zhaogang WANG Ye 《《地质学报》英文版》2022,96(1):26-51
This is a review of the formation and tectonic evolution of the continental Asia in Phanerozoic.The continental Asia has formed on the bases of some pre-Cambrian cratons,such as the Siberia,India,Arabia,North China,Tarim,South China,and Indochina,through multi-stage plate convergence and collisional collages in Phanerozoic.The north-central Asia had experienced the expansion and subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean(PAO)in the early Paleozoic and the closure of the PAO in the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic,forming the PAO regime and Central Asian orogenic belt(CAOB).In the core of the CAOB,the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean(MOO)opened with limited expansion in the Early Permian and finally closed in the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous.The south-central Asia had experienced mainly multi-stage oceanic opening,subduction and collision evolution in the Tethys Ocean,forming the Tethys regime and Himalaya-Tibetan orogenic belt.In eastern Asia,the plate subduction and continental margin orogeny on western margin of the Pacific Ocean,forms the West Pacific regime and West Pacific orogenic belt.The PAO,Tethys,and West Pacific regimes,together with Precambrian cratons among or surrounding them,made up the major tectonic and dynamic systems of the continental Asia in Phanerozoic.Major tectonic events,such as the Early Paleozoic Qilian,Uralian,and Dunhuang orogeneses,the late Paleozoic East Junggar,Tianshan and West Junggar orogeneses,the Middle to Late Permian Ailaoshan orogeny and NorthSouth Lhasa collision,the early Mesozoic Indochina-South China and North-South China collisions,the late Mesozoic Mongolia-Okhotsk orogeny,Lhasa-Qiangtang collision,and intra-continental Yanshanian orogeny,and the Cenozoic IndoAsian,Arab-Asian,and West Pacific margin collisions,constrained the formation and evolution of the continental Asia.The complex dynamic systems have left large number of deformation features,such as large-scale strike-slip faults,thrustfold systems and extensional detachments on the continental Asia.Based on past tectonics,a future supercontinent,the Ameurasia,is prospected for the development of the Asia in ca.250 Myr. 相似文献
16.
东、西昆仑山晚新生代以来构造隆升作用对比 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
东、西昆仑晚新生代以来隆升过程和程度存在明显差异。东昆仑山现代地貌格局主要是在第四纪以来经过早中更新世之交的昆黄运动和中更新世晚期的共和运动形成的,山系的崛起在时空演化上呈现出由北向南的迁移趋势,而西昆仑山在第三纪已有明显的地貌反差,第四纪地貌反差加剧。东昆仑地区在昆黄运动后尽管形成了近东西向的东流水系,但向南的强烈溯源侵蚀并奠定现代河流水系格局主要发生于中更新世晚期,与共和运动大体同时,而西昆仑地区向南的强烈溯源侵蚀主要发生于早更新世晚期,与东昆仑的昆—黄运动大体同时。在剥蚀程度上,东昆仑最上部3km的去顶至少延续了45Ma,而西昆仑公格尔—塔什库尔干地貌单元只延续了2~5Ma。控制东、西昆仑晚新生代构造隆升的动力背景可能取决于强烈加厚及强烈隆升的青藏高原岩石圈边缘的重力伸展垮塌与来自南部的挤压应力之间的动态平衡。考察青藏高原隆升过程与机制,不仅要注意隆升作用的共性,更要强调不同部位隆升过程及动力学的差异性。 相似文献
17.
Perspectives of Natural Disasters in East and South Asia,and the Pacific Island States: Socio-economic Correlates and Needs Assessment 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
The regions of East and South Asia, and the Pacific Islands are among the most-hazardprone areas in the world. Because of this, during the last century, most of the humancasualties of `natural-triggered' disasters have taken place in this region. This circumstance therefore has become a major global humanitarian concern. Another major concern, specifically for the donor agencies, is the damage sustained by infrastructure resulting from environmental disasters. These recurrent loses take away a significant proportion of the cumulative economic gains accrued from development investments over many years.Stepwise multiple regression results substantiated the fact that many of the socio-economic and demographic variables significantly influence disaster-related deaths and injuries in this part of the world. A comparative temporal analysis has shown that, over the past two decades, demographic variables have become prominent predictors of disaster-loss in South, Southeast and East Asian and the Pacific states.Many countries of the region are lagging behind in understanding and recognizing thebroader scope of disaster mitigation and management. Emerging needs and awarenessamong the decision-makers and the general public, however, have prompted institutionsin many countries to initiate a critical review of the prevailing approaches. Thecountry-specific disaster-management capacities and needs in the region vary widely.There are many differences in historical courses, institutional and administrative settings, sociocultural characteristics, as well as political and economic systems. Development of a common institutional framework for the region, therefore, seems unfeasible. Based upon a regional review, it has become clear that the research calls for improving the understanding of the significance of disaster mitigation and management in light of sustainable development and the emerging global issues. In addition, aspects of human resource development to enhance institutional mitigation and response capacities are emphasized. 相似文献
18.
东海陆架盆地类型及其形成的动力学环境 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
东海陆架盆地位于欧亚板块东南缘,处于华南陆块(包括西部的扬子地块和东部的华夏地块)之上.其基底是华夏地块在东海陆架的延伸,也是西太平洋大陆边缘构造域的重要组成部分.从全球板块构造格局分析,东海陆架盆地处于西太平洋三角带区域,是印度-澳大利亚板块和太平洋板块与欧亚板块巨型汇聚的地带,也是全球汇聚中心,其东西两侧分别与特提斯和西太平洋构造域演化息息相关.总体来说,东海陆架盆地是“欧亚板块与太平洋板块之间的碰撞、俯冲、弧后扩张,印度-澳大利亚板块与欧亚板块之间的汇聚、碰撞、楔入的远程效应,以及地球深部动力学作用”共同叠加、复合作用形成的弧后盆地.其形成机制符合被动扩张模式,向东的地幔流和软流圈下降流是导致弧后扩张的主要地球深部动力来源. 相似文献
19.
夏季东亚和西北太平洋地区的气候变异及其机理 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
夏季东亚气候异常和西北太平洋地区有着密切的联系,表现为不同纬度间强烈的相互作用。由于这一地区的不同纬度间相互作用对东亚夏季气候异常具有重要的影响,最近20年,对这种相互作用的表现形式、三维空间分布、形成机理,及其与欧亚大陆遥相关波列和热带海温的关系等都做了大量的研究。对这些研究进行综述,侧重点放在近10年以来的研究工作,并对还需进一步研究的问题进行一些探讨。 相似文献