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1.
A short fasting-refeeding experience was applied to specimens of red porgy, Pagrus pagrus (Teleostei, Sparidae) to assess its effects on some physiological parameters. Haematological (haematocrit), biochemical (serum cortisol and glucose) and immunological (lysozyme, haemolytic and haemagglutinating activities) parameters were measured. For this study, two fish groups were considered: one was fasted for 14 days and then refed to satiation during further 7 and 15 days (indicated as fasted/refed group), the other was fed throughout the study and was taken as a control group. Significantly lower values were recorded for the condition index, the hepato-somatic index and viscero-somatic index in the fasted/refed group compared to the fed one. Fasting did not affect significantly the examined parameters, except for cortisol; refeeding for 7 days induced a significant increase in the haemoagglutinating titre and the spontaneous haemolytic activity, but when refeeding was extended to 14 days haemagglutinating and haemolytic values remained lower than those measured in fed fish. 相似文献
2.
采用竞争性PCR方法 ,进行 4种营养状况对真鲷脂蛋白脂肪酶 (LPL)基因mRNA表达水平与内脏脂肪蓄积影响的定量研究。结果表明 ,真鲷LPL基因在肝脏存在营养诱导性表达 ,饥饿、高脂食物均是其表达诱导因子 ;在腹腔肠系膜脂肪组织存在组成性表达 ,其表达水平受摄食状态的影响 ,但饲料脂肪水平却不起作用。当真鲷喂食高脂食物时 ,诱导产生的大量肝脏LPL将为肝脏提供更多的来源于食物的游离脂肪酸 ,使肝脏有可能出现营养诱导性脂肪蓄积 ,但真鲷腹腔肠系膜脂肪组织LPL基因表达水平未出现适应性变化 ,其腹腔肠系膜脂肪组织将不可能作为营养诱导性蓄脂器官。由于上述营养状况对真鲷体重、腹脂指数、肝指数均没有产生显著性影响 ,说明真鲷具有在不同营养状况下与哺乳类相似的维持其内脏脂肪蓄积稳定的代谢机制 ,推测真鲷应存在某种在功能上与哺乳类相似的肥胖基因。 相似文献
3.
Crustacea experience periods of starvation during moulting or when limited food availability occurs. The effects of starvation on Crustacea physiological responses have been demonstrated, whereas the effects of starvation on Crustacea immune parameters remain to be more fully studied. In the present study the effects of starvation on immune parameters and antioxidant enzyme activities of the crab Carcinus aestuarii were evaluated for the first time. Treated crabs were starved for 7 days, whereas control crabs were fed daily with mussels. Total haemocyte count (THC), haemocyte diameter and volume, haemocyte proliferation, cell-free haemolymph (CFH) glucose and total protein levels, and phenoloxidase (PO) activity in both haemocyte lysate (HL) and CFH were measured in crabs. In addition, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were evaluated in both gills and digestive gland from crabs, in order to evaluate whether starvation induced oxidative stress in C. aestuarii. THC increased significantly in starved crabs, with respect to controls, whereas no significant variations were observed in haemocyte diameter, volume and proliferation. In CFH of starved animals glucose concentration significantly increased, whereas total protein concentration significantly reduced. A significantly higher PO activity was recorded in HL from starved crabs, than in control crabs. Conversely, PO activity did not vary significantly in CFH. Starvation did not cause significant alterations in antioxidant enzyme activities in both gills and digestive gland. Results obtained demonstrated that starvation influenced crab immune parameters, but did not induce oxidative stress. Results also indicated that C. aestuarii can modulate its cellular and biochemical parameters in order to cope with starvation. 相似文献
4.
Ben Ameur W Ben Hassine S Eljarrat E El Megdiche Y Trabelsi S Hammami B Barceló D Driss MR 《Marine environmental research》2011,72(5):258-264
Concentrations of ten polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and eight methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-PBDEs) in mullet (Mugil cephalus) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) collected from the Bizerte Lagoon and the Mediterranean Sea were investigated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of these compounds in marine fishes from Tunisia. The PBDE mean concentrations in fish from Bizerte Lagoon were 45.3 and 96.2 ng g(-1) lw respectively in mullet and sea bass, while the concentrations of these compounds in mullet and sea bass from Mediterranean Sea were 7.80 and 27.9 ng g(-1) lw respectively. MeO-PBDE concentrations in mullet and sea bass from Bizerte Lagoon ranged from 6.46 to 286 ng g(-1) lw and from 49.4 to 798 ng g(-1) lw respectively, while the concentrations of these compounds in mullet and sea bass from Mediterranean Sea ranged from 190 to 401 ng g(-1) lw and from 353 to 578 ng g(-1) lw respectively. The total PBDEs and total MeO-PBDEs concentration in fish from Bizerte Lagoon were similar or slightly lower than those reported for other species from other locations around the world. 相似文献
5.
在饵料中添加0、500、3 000mg/kg的当归多糖(ASP)喂食点带石斑鱼(Epinephelus malabaricus)(初始体重(158.64±2.14)g),分别在喂食4和8周后取样,研究ASP对点带石斑鱼非特异性免疫力和抗病力的影响。结果表明,ASP能显著提高血液白细胞吞噬率和血清LZM活力(P<0.05),对血清一氧化氮(NO)、体表黏液溶菌酶(LZM)活力和抗菌活力无显著影响。ASP能促进头肾白细胞增殖、呼吸爆发活力和吞噬活力,降低用迟缓爱德华菌(Edwardsiella tar-da)攻毒后试验鱼的累积死亡率,3 000mg/kg组累积死亡率低于500mg/kg组,连续喂食ASP 8周的保护效果优于4周。研究表明,用含ASP 3 000mg/kg的饵料连续喂食点带石斑鱼8周能有效提高其非特异性免疫力和抗病力。 相似文献
6.
Many tropical cnidarians, including anemones and corals, contain symbiotic dinoflagellates known as zooxanthellae. Photosynthesis by symbiotic dinoflagellates benefits the animal host and the proficiency of host metabolism also plays an important role in the nutrient status of the photosynthetic dinoflagellates. We aimed to determine the responses of symbiotic dinoflagellates to host starvation. The ultrastructure and some physiological indicators of symbiotic dinoflagellates (Symbiodinium sp., zooxanthellae) were examined in starved sea anemones (Stichodactyla mertensii; 3‐, 45‐ and 280‐day starvation). The cell size of zooxanthellae was not affected by starving the host; however, the ultrastructure and other physiological indicators of the zooxanthellae were affected. The photochemical efficiency of symbiotic dinoflagellates from anemones after 280 days of starvation was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than that of symbiotic dinoflagellates from anemones after 3‐ and 45‐day starvation. The number of symbiotic dinoflagellates from anemones decreased with increasing starvation duration. Generally, the chlorophyll a and c content of symbiotic dinoflagellates decreased significantly with longer anemone starvation. The tentacles of 3‐day starved anemones contained the most zooxanthellae, some of which were dividing and still enclosed within one periplast, and some had split entirely within one host vacuole. Moreover, each cell from 3‐day starved anemone contained up to five or six more mitochondria than those from 45‐ to 280‐day starved anemones. More lipid granules appeared in the zooxanthellae from 45‐ to 280‐day starved anemones. Pyrenoids, lobed accumulation bodies and calcium oxalate crystals existed in the symbiotic dinoflagellates from anemones at different starvation stages, which suggested that their existence had no correlation with host starvation. These findings contribute to an improved mechanistic understanding of the symbiotic relationship between zooxanthellae and anemones. 相似文献
7.
The effect of intracoelomic tagging of an acoustic telemetry transmitter (1.65% ratio of tag mass in the air to fish mass in the air) on behavioral (food intake and locomotor activity) and physiological (blood glucose and plasma cortisol) parameters of gilthead seabream was investigated. To this end, fish (289 ± 53 g, mean ± SD) were divided into 3 experimental groups: control (C), transmitter (T, inserted surgically) and sham group (S, subjected to surgery but without transmitter insertion). Blood was extracted during surgery and 9 days later. Throughout the trial, fish were fed by means of self-feeders and locomotor activity was measured by means of an infrared photocell. Two days after the first manipulation, a significant decrease in food intake could be observed in all the experimental groups. The fact that food intake was not affected after the second manipulation seems to indicate that a learning process took place for handling. The rhythmicity of feeding and locomotor activity was not affected by handling in any experimental group. However, group T showed increased plasma cortisol levels 9 days after surgery. In conclusion, while most behavioral parameters were not affected by handling, the plasma cortisol levels of seabream 9 days after insertion of the transmitter indicated a physiological impact that should be taken into account in long-term radiotracking studies, since such an operation could have negative effects on wild individuals after the end of the tracking experiments. 相似文献
8.
感染嗜水气单胞菌对鲫鱼非特异性免疫功能的影响 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
嗜水气单胞菌是淡水鱼流行性败血症的主要致病菌.文中通过试验用鲫鱼腹腔注射嗜水气单胞菌,在其染菌后不同时间取血,通过白细胞数量、NBT阳性细胞数量以及血清溶菌酶活力的变化趋势来研究感染病原菌对鱼类非特异性免疫功能的影响.结果表明,在鲫鱼感染嗜水气单胞菌后前3d内,白细胞数量、NBT阳性细胞数量以及血清溶菌酶活力依感染浓度不同,呈现先增加后降低的趋势.说明嗜水气单胞菌与鲫鱼非特异性免疫功能之间呈现一定的时间效应和浓度依赖性. 相似文献
9.
Kilian Toledo‐Guedes Pablo Sanchez‐Jerez Jaume Mora‐Vidal Dominique Girard Alberto Brito 《Marine Ecology》2012,33(1):26-31
Aquaculture activities have introduced European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) along the coasts of some of the Canary Islands. We present the first record of simultaneous male and female gonad maturation of escaped sea bass in the wild, indicating that this species is finding its essential fish habitat (EFH). Individuals with ripe gonads were only caught during January and February 2009, although the maturation and spawning season may last from November to February in the studied area (Tenerife island). Bass infected by Sphaerospora testicularis were found and the incidence of the parasite was checked. This represents the southernmost record of the parasite, probably introduced together with sea bass stock. The results are discussed from the point of view of risk assessment and the ecology of invasions being valuable for aquaculture management in Central North Atlantic and Mediterranean areas. 相似文献
10.
Short-time site fidelity and movements of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) in a coastal lagoon were determined using passive acoustic telemetry. Nine fish, ranging from 20.1 to 32.5 cm total length, were surgically implanted with acoustic transmitters and monitored for up to 179 days. Minimum convex polygon areas ranged from 18,698.6 m2 to 352,711.9 m2. Home range sizes were small, with individuals using core areas on a daily basis. However, these core areas shifted within the study site over time towards the opening to the sea. Two different diel behaviors were recorded, with some individuals more active at night and others during day time. Some individuals also demonstrated homing abilities, returning to the capture site after being released more than 4 km away. 相似文献
11.
研究了地衣芽孢杆菌（Bacillus licheniformis）对尖吻鲈（Lates calcarifer）的生长及消化酶活性的影响.地衣芽孢杆菌制剂（含量为10×108cfu/g）分别以0.0%（对照组）、0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%、0.5%和0.6%的比例添加到饲料中,投喂初始体重为17.47±0.19 g的尖吻鲈,养殖时间8周.随着地衣芽孢杆菌添加量的增加,尖吻鲈的增重率和特定生长率逐渐增高,在0.5%组达到最大,增重率提高9.77%,特定生长率提高4.56%;同时该组的肥满度也显著高于对照组（p〈0.05）.尖吻鲈的增重率、特定生长率、饲料系数、存活率、脏体比和肝体比在各组间都没有显著差异（p〉0.05）.尖吻鲈的前肠蛋白酶在0.2%组达到最大,并显著高于对照组（p〈0.05）,其他组别及部位的消化酶则低于对照组或差异不显著.结果表明,地衣芽孢杆菌对尖吻鲈的生长有一定促进作用,但此作用与消化酶变化相关不明显. 相似文献
12.
Ferri J Topić Popović N Což-Rakovac R Beer-Ljubić B Strunjak-Perović I Skeljo F Jadan M Petrić M Barišić J Simpraga M Stanić R 《Marine environmental research》2011,71(3):218-224
Floating fish farms attract a great number of wild fish species, changing their behaviour and physiology. The saddled bream, Oblada melanura, sampled from populations aggregated around the Adriatic fish farm and from natural/control populations, were analysed for differences in eleven blood biochemistry parameters and liver histomorphology. The levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALKP) and urea (URE) in cage-associated saddled bream (428.00±SD 321.56 U/L, 86.13±SD 39.87 U/L and 0.05±SD 0.16 mmol/L, respectively) were significantly lower than those observed in the control specimens (1047.06±SD 505.56 U/L, 125.75±SD 34.70 U/L and 1.99±SD 0.73 mmol/L, respectively). In contrast to that, concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in cage-associated fish (87.63±SD 132.34 U/L) were higher than values noted for the control population (6.55±SD 5.90 U/L). URE and AST presented the main variables contributing to the discrimination between two analysed populations. One-way ANOSIM based on the blood parameters showed significant difference between saddled bream that fed around cages and those from the remote waters (R=0.697; P < 0.01). Hepatocytes of cage-associated fish contained large cytoplasmatic clear spaces indicating excessive accumulation of fat in the hepatocyte cytoplasm. All observed differences can be attributed to contrasting feeding behaviour of sampled populations but basic nutritional differences between them should be quantified in the future. Moreover, further research is necessary to detect their impact on the health status of the fish. 相似文献
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In order to correlate the expression of detoxifying enzyme genes and Cd accumulation in black sea bream, we analyzed four tissues (brain, gills, liver, and muscle) from black sea breams that were exposed to four different concentrations of Cd (0, 2, 13, and 25 mg/L) for various durations (0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h). The highest level of Cd was accumulated in the liver, followed by the gills, brain, and muscle. The accumulation of Cd was significantly correlated with the duration of exposure and the concentration in brain, gill, and liver tissue, but not in muscle tissue, and the rate of accumulation increased with Cd concentration. The expression of metallothionein II (MT II) mRNA exhibited a similar pattern as Cd accumulation, especially in that the expression of MT II mRNA decreased in muscle tissue with increases in exposure duration. In contrast, the expression of cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) mRNA was highest in the liver, followed by brain, muscle, and gill tissues, and in gills and muscle tissue of Cd-exposed fish, the expression of CYP1A mRNA fell below that of the control fish. Overall, the liver of black sea bream was the most sensitive to Cd exposure, and the expression of MT II mRNA was 200-fold greater than the control fish. These findings indicate that the detoxification mechanisms of black sea bream are influenced by both MT II and CYP1A and that the genes participate in the detoxification of different tissues. 相似文献
15.
The cytokine network is involved in the immune system communication. As estrogens influence the cytokine expression in mammals, this study investigated the impact of exogenous estrogenic pollutants on selected cytokines in Dicentrarchus labrax. The gene expression of Interleukin 6, Tumour Necrosis Factor α, Transforming Growth Factor β1 and Interleukin 1β was assessed and accomplished with protein measurements in the blood for the last two. Impacts through 17β-estradiol mainly occurred at the beginning of organ regionalisation, thus falling together with a developmentally induced increase of Interleukin 1β and Tumour Necrosis Factor α gene expression in 102 dph fish. 17β-estradiol depressed this modification after 35 days of exposure and the cytokine gene expression tended to be generally down-regulated independently of the 17β-estradiol concentrations after 56 days of exposure. This impact was confirmed at the protein level, showing that 17β-estradiol affects the fine control of the cytokine network in sea bass. 相似文献
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Experimental exposure tanks were set up containing 'clean' marine sediment spiked with set doses of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), or polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), or both. Reference tanks contained only 'clean' sediment. Female dab Limanda limanda L., exposed to these sediments for 7 days showed no differences in serum total protein concentration, serum lysozyme activity or body growth. Their kidney leucocytes were assayed for extracellular production of reactive oxygen species of the phagocytic respiratory burst. No significant differences in superoxide anion (O2-) production were found between fish exposed to the 'spiked' sediments and those on the 'clean' reference sediment. The production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was, however, reduced in the fish held on the PAH and PAH/PCB spiked sediments. H2O2 levels for fish exposed to PCBs alone, did not differ significantly from those of control fish. Our results suggest that the decrease in H2O2 production was due to exposure to PAHs, rather than to PCBs. 相似文献
18.
Binbin Shan Yan Liu Na Song Changping Yang Shengnan Liu Tianxiang Gao Dianrong Sun 《海洋学报(英文版)》2021,40(6):41-49
The stock enhancement programs for black sea bream Acanthopagrus schlegelii have been conducted in China for a fewyears.However,little information has been reported concerning the effectiveness and genetic effect of black sea bream stock enhancement.In order to detect the contribution of released individuals in Zhujiang River Estuary(ZRE) and Daya Bay(DB),six microsatellite markers were used to identify the hatchery-released individuals.In addition,this pedigree of hatchery populations(broodfish and hatchery-released offspring) was traced to detect the number of effective parents(N_e),the inbreeding coefficient and the decrease of genetic variability in the reproduction.The pedigree reconstruction showed that at least 69(out of 93) broodfish had offspring.The estimated N_e was 54.8,consequently the inbreeding coefficient was 0.91%.The genetic diversity of hatchery-released offspring was lower than that in that of broodfish(heterozygosity alleles,0.727-0.774),some alleles(number of alleles,61-69) and genetic variance were lost during reproduction.It was observed that wild samples had higher levels of genetic diversity compared with hatchery populations as well as recaptured samples in releasing area.A total of 128 hatchery-released black sea bream were identified among 487 recaptured samples in ZRE,while a total of 15 samples were identified among 96 samples in DB.In summary,there was a high survival of released fish.Nevertheless,the results provided evidence to consider a loss of genetic variation in hatcheryreleased stock and a negative genetic effect of the stock enhancement. 相似文献
19.
A. M. Bolognani Fantin P. Nardi E. Ottaviani A. Franchini P. Tongiorgi 《Marine Ecology》1981,2(4):307-316
Abstract. After a starvation period the predation rate in specimens of Ocinebrina edwardsi is less than in animals which feed normally. The closer the prey predator contact during the starvation period, the higher the level of predation when the snails are allowed to resume feeding. The reduction in predation after a long or short fast is obviously the result of changes in the structure and function of the ABO. In the secreting cells of normally fed animals the following enzymatic activities can be distinguished: acid and alkaline phosphatases, carbonic anhydrase and ATPase. Carbonic anhydrase and acid phosphatase activities are not present in starved individuals. Only after the animals have resumed feeding for 10 days does the ABO completely recover its enzymatic functions. 相似文献
20.
在水温(22±2)℃条件下,采用周期性停食胁迫方法研究鱼幼鱼摄食、生长和消化酶的变化情况。结果表明,饥饿组与对照组的特殊生长率差异性显著(P<0.05);不同停食时间胁迫下,试验组的摄食率和特殊生长率与对照组差异极显著(P<0.01),停食3天鱼幼鱼的食物转化率比对照组高,表明鱼幼鱼具有部分补偿能力;消化酶在不同的组织中变化情况各不相同,饥饿开始后各器官中的蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶均下降。随饥饿时间延长,蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶出现上升现象,但上升程度各不相同。恢复投喂后各组织中的蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶均上升;随恢复投喂时间延长,各试验组中鱼幼鱼各器官组织中的消化酶变化情况也各不相同。 相似文献