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Eight microsatellite markers were used to analyze genetic diversity, level of inbreeding, and effective population size of spawner and recaptured populations of Chinese shrimp(Fenneropenaeus chinensis) during stock enhancement in the Bohai Bay in 2013. A total of 254 and 238 alleles were identified in the spawner and recaptured populations, respectively, and the numbers of alleles(N_a) were 8–63 and 6–60, respectively. The numbers of effective alleles(N_e) were 2.52–21.60 and 2.67–20.72, respectively. The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.529 to 0.952. The observed heterozygosity(H_o) values(0.638–0.910 and 0.712–0.927) were lower than the expected heterozygosity(H_e) values(0.603–0.954 and 0.625–0.952), which indicated that the two populations possessed a rich genetic diversity. In 16 tests(2 populations×8 loci), 13 tests deviated from the HardyWeinberg equilibrium. F_(is) values were positive at seven loci and the inbreeding coefficients(F) of the two populations estimated by trio ML were 13.234% and 11.603%, suggesting that there was a relatively high degree of inbreeding. A certain level of inbreeding depression had occurred in the Chinese shrimp population. F_(st) values ranged from 0 to 0.059, with a mean of 0.028, displaying a low level of genetic differentiation in the two populations. Effective population sizes(3 060.2 and 3 842.8) were higher than the minimum number suggested for retaining the evolutionary potential to adapt to new environmental conditions. For enhancement activity in 2014,the ideal number of captured shrimp spawners should have ranged from 7 686 to 19 214 to maintain genetic diversity and effective population size. Further strategies to adjust the balance of economic cost, fishing effort and ideal number of shrimp spawners to maintain a satisfactory effective population size for ensuring the sustainability of Chinese shrimp are proposed. 相似文献
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海水仔稚鱼营养的研究,国外已有相当数量的报道,特别是脂类中n-3高度不饱和脂肪酸(n-3HUFA)的研究,已取得显著的成果(Izquierdo et al.,1989a; Izquierdo et al.,1989b; Watanabe et al.,1994)。但迄今为止,我国鱼类营养的研究基本集中于幼鱼和成鱼阶段,仔稚鱼阶段还未见报道。目前,我国养殖的名贵海鱼,如真鯛(Pagrosomus major)、黑鯛(Sparus macrocephalus)、牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)等的生产性育苗,因在仔稚鱼阶段大量死亡,成活率一般低于30%,某些营养要素的缺乏或不足是导致仔稚鱼大量死亡的一个重要原因。为加快我国海鱼养殖的发展,保证生产所需的优质种苗的供给,开展仔稚鱼营养的研究已成为我国鱼类营养研究工作者的一项极为紧迫的任务。
近年来,国外研究证实n-3HUFA是海水仔稚鱼的必需脂肪酸,其中以二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)和二十碳五烯酸(EPA)最为重要(Watanabe et al.,1989a; Watanabe et al.,1989b)。由于轮虫、卤虫等活饵料中DHA和EPA的含量很低,远不能满足海水仔稚鱼的需要,因而,有关学者通过选用优质单胞藻、制作油脂酵母、投喂富含n-3HUFA的人工微型佴料等方法强化活饵料。Watanabe等(1983)最早将富含n-3HUFA的鱼肝油等制成乳化油，直接加人培养活饵料的海水介质中,当富集于活饵料体内的n-3HUFA达到最大值时,将活饵料作为活的营养载体投喂给仔稚鱼,即可将外源n-3HUFA转移至仔稚鱼体内。该方法简便、实用,现已被推广(Izquierdo et al.,1989b)。
本研究采用乳化油直接添加法,人工调节卤虫体内n-3HUFA含量,探讨n-3HUFA对黑鲷稚鱼生长、存活的影响。 相似文献
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真鲷（Pagrus major）是中国沿岸海域重要的经济种类，增殖放流作为修复真鲷渔业资源、恢复自然群体的方法，现已在中国被广泛地应用。然而，将大量人工繁育的苗种投入自然海域中，可能会对自然群体造成一定程度的遗传学影响。因此，在开展真鲷增殖放流的同时，应进行遗传监测。本研究使用7对真鲷微卫星标记，对2017年于防城港沿岸海域开展的真鲷增殖放流进行遗传监测，对比分析了真鲷亲体、放流真鲷苗种以及放流后混合群体的遗传多样性。研究结果表明，真鲷亲本群体与真鲷放流群体的等位基因丰度（13.525 3，16.428 6）和期望杂合度（0.792 7，0.814 5）没有明显的差异，表明在苗种繁育过程中，没有出现遗传多样性丢失的现象。真鲷放流群体和放流后混合群体的期望杂合度（0.814 5，0.822 8）、等位基因丰度（16.428 6，16.755 5）相似，表明真鲷放流群体和放流后混合群体处于相同的遗传多样性水平。3个群体的多态信息含量为0.768 8~0.805 5，表明3个群体均具有较高的遗传多样性。群体间遗传分化指数（0.016 667）和遗传距离（0.265 375~0.301 915）的结果显示群体间的遗传分化微弱，未形成明显的遗传分化。因此，可认为本研究中真鲷增殖放流未对放流后混合群体造成明显的遗传学影响。本研究为今后真鲷增殖放流遗传监测提供了理论参考依据。 相似文献
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Ten highly variable microsatellite loci were performed in order to evaluate the genetic variability of wild and hatchery samples of half-smooth tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis. A group of 200 genotypes belonging to four wild samples, Laizhou (LZ), Weihai (WH), Qingdao (QD), Rizhao (RZ) and one hatchery sample, Mingbo (MB), were screened. All of the ten microsatellite loci screened in this study showed marked polymorphism. A total of 70 different alleles were observed over all loci. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 4.2 to 10.6. The average of expected and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.67 to 0.82, and from 0.77 to 0.87, respectively. A total of 10, 16, 10, 11 and 5 unique alleles each were found in LZ, WH, QD, RZ and MB populations. The effective number of alleles varied from 2.87 for HSTS_7 to 6.83 for HSTS-h. The number of average genotypes ranged from 6.0 for HSTS_a to 15.4 for HSTS_h. As compared with the wild populations, the hatchery population, MB, showed significant genetic changes such as fewer alleles per locus (P <0.05), a smaller number of low frequency alleles (P <0.05), a small number of unique alleles and a small number of genotypes (P <0.05), all indicative of a reduction in genetic diversity. 相似文献
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In order to correlate the expression of detoxifying enzyme genes and Cd accumulation in black sea bream, we analyzed four tissues (brain, gills, liver, and muscle) from black sea breams that were exposed to four different concentrations of Cd (0, 2, 13, and 25 mg/L) for various durations (0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h). The highest level of Cd was accumulated in the liver, followed by the gills, brain, and muscle. The accumulation of Cd was significantly correlated with the duration of exposure and the concentration in brain, gill, and liver tissue, but not in muscle tissue, and the rate of accumulation increased with Cd concentration. The expression of metallothionein II (MT II) mRNA exhibited a similar pattern as Cd accumulation, especially in that the expression of MT II mRNA decreased in muscle tissue with increases in exposure duration. In contrast, the expression of cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) mRNA was highest in the liver, followed by brain, muscle, and gill tissues, and in gills and muscle tissue of Cd-exposed fish, the expression of CYP1A mRNA fell below that of the control fish. Overall, the liver of black sea bream was the most sensitive to Cd exposure, and the expression of MT II mRNA was 200-fold greater than the control fish. These findings indicate that the detoxification mechanisms of black sea bream are influenced by both MT II and CYP1A and that the genes participate in the detoxification of different tissues. 相似文献
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黑鲷嗅上皮的超微结构 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
通过扫描与透射电镜观察了黑鲷嗅上皮的超微结构，嗅上皮内侧是感觉上皮区，其主要的细胞类型是：纤毛感觉细胞，微绒毛感沉细胞，柱状细胞，支持细胞和基细胞，非感觉上皮分布在嗅上皮边缘及点缀于感觉上皮区，似指状结构，具有粘液细胞，支持细胞，基细胞等，根据上述观察结果，可认为黑鲷属以视觉为主进行活动的鱼类。 相似文献
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This paper compares the management of recreational fisheries for pink snapper (Pagrus auratus) in the inner gulfs of Shark Bay (Australia) and the closely related red sea bream (Pagrus major) in Sagami Bay (Japan). Fishing and other factors have resulted in population declines of these species in both regions. In response, fishery managers have employed contrasting management, more conventional catch controls in Shark Bay and stock enhancement in Sagami Bay. Although recreational harvest levels were higher than commercial levels in both fisheries, the driving mechanisms are comparatively different due to historical, social, economic and political issues in the respective locations. 相似文献
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中国沿海真鲷种群鉴别研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对1990-1998年期间取样于中国沿海5个不同海区的真鲷(Pagrosomus major Temminck et Schlegel)样品的23项形态性状进行测量,并应用差异系数、均数差异显著性、方差分析和判别函数分析等数理统计学方法对性状特征的差异进行比较,结合产卵场、分布洄游习性以及海洋环境条件进行综合分析,存此基础上对上述海区的真鲷种群分群问题进行了探讨。结果表明．中国沿海真鲷可分为4个不同地方种群．即黄渤海地方种群、东海地方种群、闽南-南海地方种群和北部湾地方种群。文中还讨论了真鲷种质资源保护问题。 相似文献
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文蛤三个野生种群的生化遗传变异 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶垂直平板电泳检测和比较了广东电白、南三和广西北海三个文蛤(Meretrix meretrix)野生群体9种同工酶24个基因座位的生化遗传变异。结果表明,三个群体的平均杂合度观察值分别为0.291,0.251和0.290,多态位点比例(P0.95)分别为37.5%,37.5%和41.6%,位点平均有效等位基因数分别为1.476,1.419和1.479,各群体在多个位点上都存在杂合子缺失现象。比较了三个群体之间的遗传相似度(I)和遗传距离(D),其中电白与南三群体间的遗传分歧极微,它们与北海群体间的遗传分歧稍明显,三群体基因分化系数为0.035,预示三地间有着较强的基因流。 相似文献
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Weiji Wang Ding Lyu Mosang Wang Kefeng Liu Jie Kong Xiujuan Shan Xianshi Jin 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(12):76-81
This study provides new insights for the hatchery released Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis), including proportion, dynamic migration route, after they were released into nature for stock enhancement using a new strategy quite different than ever. Chinese shrimp were sampled at 22 survey stations during two investigation voyages acrossing 74 survey stations in the Bohai Sea from July 16 to August 9 in 2015. Among 289 sampled individuals during the second voyage, totally 155 shrimps were identified as hatchery shrimp released into the Laizhou Bay at mid-May in 2015 based on finger-print of eight SSR (simple sequence repeats) markers, and the proportion of hatchery released shrimp in recapture samples were from 41.30%–85.71% in each station with an average value 53.63%, which verified a previous view point that up to 90% of autumn season Chinese shrimp landing in the Bohai Sea were composed of hatchery released. Meanwhile, the dynamic migration route of hatchery released shrimp revealed that part of released shrimp migrated heading northwest along the west coast of the Bohai Sea up to the Bohai Bay but just remained at the Laizhou Bay until over-wintering migration at mid-October when they initiate over-wintering migration. Present unnatural spring season shrimp fishing model cut the throat of spawner shrimp chance to swim back to their respective spawning plants at each spring, it still no chance to clarify whether the hatchery released shrimp could replenish to the reproduce population and complete a whole life cycle as same as their natural relatives. 相似文献
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M Brink R Dale Kuys C Rhode BM Macey KW Christison 《African Journal of Marine Science》2018,40(2):149-156
The collector sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla has been identified as a species with potential for aquaculture production in South Africa. The species’ roe is considered a culinary delicacy in Asia and Europe. However, T. gratilla remains genetically uncharacterised in South Africa. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to provide baseline genetic information consisting of estimates of genetic diversity and population stratification, which may aid in future sustainable use of this urchin resource. A total of 22 species-specific microsatellite markers were used for the genetic characterisation of T. gratilla samples from along the South African coast, at Haga Haga, Coffee Bay, Hibberdene, Ballito Bay and Sodwana Bay. A moderate level of genetic diversity was observed, with an average number of alleles of 7.89 and an average effective number of alleles of 6.57, as well as an average observed heterozygosity of 0.55. Population differentiation tests suggest that the geographically representative samples form part of a single, large interbreeding population, with a global Fst estimate of 0.02 (p > 0.05). This finding is likely explained by high levels of gene flow between these locations caused by extensive larval dispersal during the planktonic larval stage. The panmixia observed within these natural populations of T. gratilla indicate that they could be managed as a single genetic stock. 相似文献
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以刺参为代表的高价值棘皮动物在我国的养殖规模不断扩大,市场价值越来越高,但有关棘皮动物育种数据管理与分析的系统并未开发。本平台是以ASReml软件为遗传评估核心,使用Mysql数据库和java、R语言,利用maven、myeclipse2017工具开发的一套基于B/S框架,在Linux环境下运行的育种数据管理与分析系统。平台包含6大功能模块:系统管理、种质信息、表型数据库、表型数据分析、基因组数据库和基因组数据分析等。能实现棘皮动物表型数据、系谱数据和基因组数据的管理、育种值分析、遗传力估算、近交和亲缘系数计算、遗传进展计算和选种配种方案制定。运用该平台对刺参育种模拟数据进行管理、分析与应用,利用模拟表型数据和基因组数据对刺参的棘刺、体重进行了遗传力分析和育种值计算,并提出选种配种方案。该平台的推广和应用将提升棘皮动物育种效率,对我国棘皮动物育种工作的发展具有重要的促进作用。 相似文献
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The assessment of vitellogenin as a biomarker of exposure to estrogenic compounds in two Australian perciformes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Vitellogenin (Vtg) is a yolk protein precursor that has been identified as a sensitive biomarker for exposure to estrogenic compounds. We evaluated specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies for reactivity with plasma Vtg from two Australian Perciformes, the tropical barramundi (Lates calcarifer) and the temperate black bream (Acanthopagrus butcheri). Blood plasma from 17beta-estradiol exposed (E2) male barramundi (20 mg kg(-1)) and male black bream (2.5-5.0 mg kg(-1)) were sent to Biosense Laboratories (Norway) for cross-reactivity testing using their extensive anti-Vtg antibody selection. Indirect ELISA results determined barramundi plasma displayed the highest binding affinities to ND-3G2 (monoclonal-Mab) and PO-1 (polyclonal-Pab). Black bream was most cross-reactive with ND-1C8 (Mab) and PO-2 (Pab). Next, plasma was assessed for Vtg induction in E2-dosed (5 mg kg(-1)), hatchery-reared barramundi and black bream versus a non-injected control group. Vtg production was assessed by Western blot and indirect ELISA using ND-3G2 and ND-1C8 Mabs, respectively. A prominent band was identified in the range of 100-200 kDa for all female black bream and for all E2-treated barramundi and black bream males, which was confirmed as Vtg by Western blot. Indirect ELISA results for barramundi demonstrated highly significant differences in E2-dosed fish as compared to control fish (Student t, P<0.001). E2 male black bream were significantly different than control males (Student t, P<0.001) and control and E2 females displayed highly significant differences (Student t, P<0.001). These results indicate that exposure to 17beta-estradiol induces significant Vtg production in males of the two Australian Perciformes, with potential use as a biomarker for exposure to estrogenic compounds. 相似文献
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为应对渔业资源的日益衰退,增殖放流成为了目前补充资源、维持资源可持续利用的主要手段之一。增殖放流实施后,渔业资源的可持续特征是学者们普遍关心,却又无法使用传统剩余产量模型有效解决的问题。本研究基于传统的Schaefer剩余产量模型,提出了一个适用于增殖放流情况下的剩余产量模型(增殖剩余产量模型),模拟分析了不同增殖放流和捕捞策略对模型的影响。该模型的形式与Schaefer剩余产量模型相似,但加入了描述增殖群体增长特征的参数—有效增殖率,以此来表示增殖放流的群体对产量产生的影响。结果显示,合理的增殖放流可以起到增加最大可持续产量的效果,使用增殖剩余产量模型能够得到合理的最大可持续产量等关键指标的估算结果。与无增殖放流情况相比,在增殖放流影响下,海域原存资源(海域原本存在的群体)达到最大可持续产量时所需的生物量较小,而可承受的捕捞努力量则有所增加。增殖剩余产量模型所反映的原存群体和增殖群体之间会产生抑制作用。在该作用影响下,不同增殖放流和捕捞策略会对模型的评估结果产生影响。与传统模型相比,该模型将增殖放流纳入最大可持续产量的评估过程,提高了增殖放流影响下最大可持续产量评估的准确性,可用于诸如海洋牧场等边界较清晰的海域内增殖定栖性种类最大可持续产量的估算。 相似文献
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《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(2):333-338
Movements of humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae among breeding regions within the southwestern Indian Ocean are poorly understood. Understanding the relationships among breeding regions is critical for effective conservation and management strategies. Through systematic comparisons of molecular genotypes and both systematic and non-systematic comparisons of individual identification photographs collected between 1996 and 2006, we have thus far identified nine whales (six males and three females) utilising two breeding areas within this region: the northern Mozambique Channel and eastern Madagascar. Four of the nine whales were recaptured using only photographic data, two whales were independently recaptured using both photographic and genetic data, and three whales were recaptured exclusively using molecular methods. The discovery of these nine individuals provides much-needed data to guide the formulation and future revision of stock boundaries. 相似文献
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宁波长街缢蛏遗传结构的RAPD分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
利用RAPE)技术对宁波长街自然群体和养殖群体缢蛏【Sinonovacula constricta(Lamarck)】的遗传背景进行了比较研究。21个引物共扩增出121条清晰可辨的RAPE)标记,大小在250--2500bp之间,分别统计上述位点,得到两群体各遗传参数。结果表明,养殖环境对其影响较小,两者问遗传距离仅为0．0497,近交系数(Fst)为0．0735,有效繁殖个体数(Ncm)为3．1514;两者平均遗传杂合度比较却发现养殖群体略大于野生群体。与其他的水产动物研究结果不同。作者推测上述结果与养殖缢蛏苗种来自天然采苗、无累代养殖和养殖区饵料较自然海区丰富等因素有关。 相似文献
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许氏平鲉4 个野生群体遗传多样性微卫星分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用18对微卫星引物分析了荣成湾群体1、荣成湾群体2、即墨群体和龙口群体共4个许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegeli)野生群体的遗传多样性。结果表明:4个群体的平均有效等位基因数分别为3.1、2.7、2.8和2.7,平均期望杂合度分别为0.590、0.540、0.552和0.491,平均多态信息含量分别为0.577、0.495、0.538和0.528。4个许氏平鲉群体均表现出较高的遗传多样性水平,但也都存在杂合子缺失现象。Χ2检验显示,4个群体中大部分微卫星位点偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P<0.05)。群体间Fst值为0.04,说明遗传变异主要存在于群体内,群体间的遗传分化程度较低。该研究结果将为许氏平鲉种质资源保护和合理利用以及人工增殖提供理论参考。 相似文献