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1.
台盆相间是桂东北泥盆纪和石炭纪沉积的重要特色,而D/C界线又是台盆相间沉积最突出的一个时段之一。文章回顾并评述了桂东北D/C界线的研究历程、相序划分、主要代表剖面,认为桂东北D/C界线可划分为碎屑岩相序和碳酸盐岩相序以及它们的过渡类型。通过对20条典型剖面的岩性组合特征对比,恢复了桂东北D/C界线海平面相对下降期的岩相古地理,结果显示桂东北在该时期主要存在柳州、桂林两大台地以及多个小型台地,台地间普遍发育快速相变的台沟、盆地沉积,石炭纪初期海水变浅,台地分布范围显著扩大,江南古陆供给增强,台盆相间格局迅速发展。为了进一步探讨桂东北D/C界线的演化过程和背后的控制因素,文章分析了广西整体的台盆相间演化的阶段性、同沉积构造作用以及海平面变化的影响,梳理了台盆相间演化过程中沉积环境分异与构造运动- 海平面的关系,认为在滇黔桂裂谷盆地在持续断陷发展的前提下,桂东北D/C界线沉积分异的主要原因可能是受冈瓦纳大陆冰川形成与消融导致的海平面异常波动,以及柳江运动引发的局部同沉积断陷强度差异变动影响,且构造和沉积要素在D/C界线的耦合作用达到最强,最终促进桂东北台盆相间格局在D/C界线达到鼎盛。在此模式下,可以将台盆相间的演化划分为4个阶段,早泥盆世中期—晚期为台盆相间格局的孕育期,早泥盆世晚期—中泥盆世晚期沉积开始分异,为台盆相间格局的发展期,晩泥盆世—早石炭世台- 盆出现强烈分割,海平面异常下降和柳江运动同时作用于沉积,为台盆相间格局的鼎盛期,早石炭世之后,台盆相间沉积维持了一定时期的强度,晚石炭世开始海水逐步恢复正常后台盆相间逐渐减弱,为台盆相间格局的衰退期。 相似文献
2.
川北晚二叠世大隆期岩相分异的古拉张背景 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文论述了川北地区大隆组浅水碳酸盐岩台块相与较深水硅泥质台盆相的分异,并根据其沉积特征,指出“峨眉地裂运动”所形成的古拉张断裂是造成这种岩相分异的原因,还建立了沉积—构造模式。最后,探讨了岩相分异与油气的关系。 相似文献
3.
二叠纪湘中南区出现了明显的沉积相分异。相分异受多种因素控制:古陆和水下古隆起的存在影响了原始基底地形和陆源碎屑的分布,从而导致了沉积差异;沉积物厚度和性质的差异形成同沉积断层;沉积作用和构造作用的综合导致沉积基底的地势差异;沉积基底的地势差异和同沉积断层又进一步产生沉积物性质和厚度的分异;而这一切又和盆地的演化密切相关。沉积相分异是伴随盆地的演化发生的,其实质是克拉通内盆地演化与造山过程间的耦合关系。 相似文献
4.
陕西镇安-山阳地区南羊山组重力流沉积作用及其意义 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
陕西镇安-山阳地区的南羊山组发育陆源细碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩组成的多种重力流沉积，是构成台前斜坡和局限台盆沉积的主体和标志岩相。重力流沉积作用、火山－热液活动提供Ａｕ－Ｓｂ－Ａｓ－Ｈｇ等深部成矿物质、同生断裂活动、岩相古地理分异具有时空统一性，并在局限台盆中形成陆源细碎屑岩与碳酸盐岩高频交替叠覆、横向上递变、以重力流沉积占主导、含显量火山凝灰物质和沉积成岩黄铁矿的旋回性沉积，构成了本区微细浸染型层控Ｓｂ－Ａｕ矿床的矿源层。 相似文献
5.
新化—城步地区泥盆纪沉积相类型较丰富,可划分7个相组、17个相。最突出的特征是在两个碳酸盐台地之间发育有一较深水的盆地,即台盆。西部的碳酸盐台地与台盆之间的边缘无明显的陡坡,属于J.F.Read所称的碳酸盐等斜缓坡。区内沉积相,尤其是在棋梓桥晚期——佘田桥期,大体上呈北北东向展布。构成这一特殊沉积格局的主要原因是该区沉积相受加里东运动期间形成的基底断裂控制。区内台盆演化可分为初始台盆、台盆扩展、台盆稳定、台盆最大扩展、台盆收缩变浅、台盆残余凹陷等六个阶段。 相似文献
6.
皖南地区晚震旦世陡山沱期岩相古地理 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
皖南地区在晚震旦世早期早时发生海侵,沉积了含碳、含硅的陆源碎屑岩,为浅海盆地相沉积;早期晚时,沉积了碳酸盐岩和碳酸盐岩夹粘土岩沉积,为台坡和台盆相沉积,其沉积相变化和古地理分异与当时基底性质、同沉积构造和碳酸盐建隆作用密切相关。 相似文献
7.
缺氧条件是形成和保存优质烃源岩的重要条件。古氧相的研究对查明海相优质烃源岩时空分布、恢复地史时期古环境演化具有重要意义。泥盆纪时期,南华海受陆内裂陷作用影响,形成台地(滨岸台地和孤立台地)与台沟间列的盆地格局。不同的控制因素控制了古氧相的类型。在台沟和钦防裂陷海槽中,海水分层控制了泥盆纪的古氧相类型和变化。台沟和钦防裂陷海槽以厌氧相与准厌氧相为主。在台地相区,海平面变化控制了古氧相的类型和分布。台地相区的古氧相主要是常氧相和贫氧相。南华海中、晚泥盆世硅质沉积、磷质沉积发育,有机质丰富,形成了有机质-硅质-磷质沉积三位一体的特征,指示上升流作用明显。南华海地区泥盆纪位于赤道附近的信风带,向西的表面洋流越过南华海在西部形成离岸流,海底海水向东补充形成上升的底流,也说明了泥盆纪南华海上升流存在的可能性。 相似文献
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志留纪、泥盆纪是研究新疆卡拉麦里碰撞带发展、演化的关键时期。本文通过研究该区志留—泥盆纪的沉积学特征,认为志留纪白山包组为"风暴海"远岸沉积,而非单纯的"海滩"、"浅海"沉积。泥盆纪卡拉麦里组下段发现的重力流浊流沉积序列以及重力流水道相沉积,表明沉积环境为斜坡相—半深海相,而非"滨海相"。晚泥盆世克安库都克组发现的陆相磨拉石,显示陆一陆碰撞造山阶段的沉积,这些沉积记录了盆地形成、演化和造山过程,丰富了新疆卡拉麦里构造演化的研究内容,确定洋壳俯冲、陆陆碰撞的时间应为晚泥盆世。 相似文献
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湘南晚泥盆世佘田桥期表现为东西两侧高而中部低陷的古地理面貌。两侧为碳酸盐台地,中间为深水台盆。在台盆、台地之间斜坡地带和台盆边缘,堆积了类型繁多的碳酸盐块状流沉积物。它们由两类在成因和分布上有密切联系的沉积体系组成,一类为重力崩落或滑移体系,包括岩崩、滑动和滑塌沉积,另一类为重力流体系,包括碎屑流、浊流和颗粒流沉积。在层序上它们虽作有规律的组合层序,但并不是完整的类型,而出现较大的变异性。已发现的组合层序有①滑塌沉积—碎屑流沉积,②碎屑流—高密度浊流—低密度浊流沉积,③变密度颗粒流—浊流沉积。它们沿近南北向的台盆的两侧边缘呈条带状分布,东侧位于临武香花岭至桂阳莲塘一带,重力流厚度可达150m左右,西侧位于道县虎岩坝至双牌县城一带,重力流厚只30—50m,反映了台盆边缘两侧构造活动强度不一致,东侧强,西侧弱。 相似文献
10.
根据西秦岭临潭地区泥盆纪—三叠纪沉积盆内细碎屑岩的主量、微量、稀土元素特征追溯源区背景,反演母岩性质,建立了该区沉积盆地与构造演化模式.认为沉积盆地的物源总体来自盆地的北部,北部经历了晚泥盆世的陆相—湖相沉积,石炭纪的滨岸海滩相-温暖潮湿的近岸海湾（潟湖或潮坪）相-浅海陆棚相沉积,到二叠纪的浅海陆棚-浅海陆棚内的堡礁或堤礁建造;沉积盆地南部为稳定的碳酸盐台地相.三叠纪,盆地经历了大陆斜坡浊流沉积—大陆斜坡（半深海）浊流沉积—滨浅海沉积环境复杂的环境变化.沉积盆地形成演化整体划分为3个阶段：被动大陆边缘台盆台地稳定发育阶段;弧后盆地形成演化阶段;弧后前陆盆地叠合阶段. 相似文献
11.
During the early Middle Devonian in South China, an extensive carbonate platform was broken up through extension to create a complex pattern of platforms, and interplatform basins. In Givetian and Frasnian carbonate successions, five depositional facies, including peritidal, restricted shallow subtidal, semi‐restricted subtidal, intermediate subtidal and deep subtidal facies, and 18 lithofacies units are recognized from measured sections on three isolated platforms. These deposits are arranged into metre‐scale, upward‐shallowing peritidal and subtidal cycles. Nine third‐order sequences are identified from changes in cycle stacking patterns, vertical facies changes and the stratigraphic distribution of subaerial exposure indicators. These sequences mostly consist of a lower transgressive part and an upper regressive part. Transgressive packages are dominated by thicker‐than‐average subtidal cycles, and regressive packages by thinner‐than‐average peritidal cycles. Sequence boundaries are transitional zones composed of stacked, high‐frequency, thinner‐than‐average cycles with upward‐increasing intensity of subaerial exposure, rather than individual, laterally traceable surfaces. These sequences can be further grouped into catch‐up and keep‐up sequence sets from the long‐term (second‐order) changes in accommodation and vertical facies changes. Catch‐up sequences are characterized by relatively thick cycle packages with a high percentage of intermediate to shallow subtidal facies, and even deep subtidal facies locally within some individual sequences, recording long‐term accommodation gain. Keep‐up sequences are characterized by relatively thin cycle packages with a high percentage of peritidal facies within sequences, recording long‐term accommodation loss. Correlation of long‐term accommodation changes expressed by Fischer plots reveals that during the late Givetian to early Frasnian increased accommodation loss on platforms coincided with increased accommodation gain in interplatform basins. This suggests that movement on faults resulted in the relative uplift of platforms and subsidence of interplatform basins. In the early Frasnian, extensive siliceous deposits in most interplatform basins and megabreccias at basin margins correspond to exposure disconformities on platforms. 相似文献
12.
Shen Degi 《Mineralium Deposita》1988,23(2):77-85
During the Middle and Late Devonian the paleo-South China Sea was surrounded by old landmasses on three sides. Within the sea area, carbonate platforms developed alternately with interplatform basins. The latter is the deepest part of the shelf in the studied area, is closely related to NE- and NW-striking synsedimentary faults, and may have partly originated from a strike-slip basin. Sedimentary facies and paleogeographic factors play an important part in the distribution of sedimentary and strata-bound deposits. Pb, Zn, and FeS are mainly found in carbonate platforms, especially in the restricted ones, while Sn and polymetallics are found in interplat-form basins. Facies transition belts around old landmasses or uplifts are of great advantage to the formation of strata-bound deposits. There are NE and EW tectonic-facies belts and a belt around the old landmasses in the area studied. The most favorable locality for strata-bound deposits is where three tectonic-facies belts intersect.Members of research group: Chen Yaoqin, Yang Zhenqiang, Mao Xiaodong, Hu Ning, Chen Gang, Zeng BofuAddress: Yichang Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, CAGS, Box 502, Yichang, Hubei, P.R. ChinaWith deep regret we have to announce that Dr. D. Shen passed away July 21, 1987 相似文献
13.
ABSTRACT Hemipelagic deposits are widespread in Triassic sequences of the Alpine belt and provide important data for stratigraphy and the study of bedding rhythms. The area of the western and central Dolomites of northern Italy escaped strong alpidic deformation and preserves such deposits in their original palaeogeographic setting. The Buchenstein Formation, the object of this study, was deposited in up to 1000 m deep, Middle Triassic interplatform basins, which extend over an area of 500 km2 within the Dolomites. Excellent outcrops and volcaniclastic markers allow a detailed correlation of the formation in both laminated (anoxic) and bioturbated facies down to a bed scale, and show its relationship to coeval carbonate platforms. Correlation of lithostratigraphically well‐constrained intervals in the bioturbated facies reveal that lateral thickening and thinning of the deposits depends on the amount of shallow‐water debris in the succession and is a function of the distance to coeval carbonate platform sources. In the laminated background deposit, thickness variations in limestones and marls parallel the thickness variations in ash layers, and were caused by local redeposition of sediment on the basin floor. Lateral persistence of laminae indicates that bottom currents were weak in the Buchenstein basin, but were able to redeposit mud in a significant way. In the area around Seceda and Geisler (western Dolomites), a lateral transition from dark‐grey laminated to grey bioturbated to red bioturbated facies is observed, which is probably linked to local relief with different oxygenation conditions on the sea floor. A comparison shows that decimetre‐scale bedding is preserved in all facies types and that the bedding rhythm is partly the result of different cementation of the sediment during early diagenesis. Correlation of individual layers in the bioturbated facies reveals that beds are thicker and enriched in lime mud in the western part of the basin, and decrease in thickness and contain less micrite towards the east, further away from the main shallow‐water areas. Nearslope calciturbidites change gradually from distinct layers into lateral arrays of micrite nodules and bands further out in the basin. These observations point to a platform source of lime mud in the Buchenstein basin. 相似文献
14.
The process of Cenozoic sea-land changes in the northern South China Sea(SCS)controlled the sedimentary filling pattern and played an important role in the petroleum geological characteristics of the northern marginal sedimentary basins.Under the control of the opening process of the SCS,the northern SCS Cenozoic transgression generally showed the characteristics of early in the east and late in the west,and early in the south and late in the north.The initial transgression occurred in the Eocene in the Taixinan Basin(TXNB)of the eastern SCS,while the transgression occurred until the Pliocene in the Yinggehai Basin(YGHB)of the western SCS.International Ocean Discovery Program(IODP)expeditions(Expeditions 367/368)revealed that the initial transgression of the SCS basin occurred at approximately 34 Ma,which was the initial opening time of the SCS.The period of drastic changes in the sedimentary environment caused by large-scale transgression corresponded to the opening time of the southwestern subbasin(approximately 23 Ma),which also represented the peak of the spreading of the SCS.The sea-land transition process controls the distribution of alternating continent-marine facies,marine facies source rocks and reservoirs in the basins.The marine facies source rocks of the basins in the northern SCS have a trend of gradually becoming younger from east to west,which is consistent with the regional process of gradual transgression from east to west.Regional sea-level changes were comprehensively influenced by SCS opening and global sea-level changes.These processes led to the early development in the east and south and late development in the west and north for the carbonate platform in the SCS.Carbonate platforms form another type of"selfgenerating and self-accumulating"oil-gas reservoir in the northern SCS.The sea-land transition controlled the depositional filling patterns of different basins and laid the foundation of marine deposits for oil and gas resources.The source-reservoircap assemblage in the northern SCS was controlled horizontally by provenance supply and sedimentary environmental changes caused by sea-land transition and vertically by the tectonic evolution of the SCS and regional sea-level changes. 相似文献
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16.
湖南中部地区,泥盆系发育良好,岩相变化显著,蕴藏有丰富的层控铅锌矿、黄铁矿矿床,著名的具有层控矿床特征的锡矿山锑矿床也出现于该层位中。本文试图在讨论本区加里东期构造背景、泥盆系岩相变化及层控矿床特点的基础上,说明基底断裂、岩相和层控矿床之间的联系。这种关系在国内外其它层位的层控矿床中,也是具有普遍意义的。在我国,除湘中地区外,湘西、桂北、黔西、秦岭等地的许多层控矿床,均与基底断裂控制的不同岩相带有关。在国外,H.Skall(1975)曾详细论证了北东东向深大断裂与著名的加拿大派因帕因特铅锌矿床的岩相和矿化作用的关系。M.J.Russell(1968)也指出爱尔兰石炭系中的层控贱金属矿床受该区南北向的加里东断裂的控制。 相似文献
17.
塔里木盆地上泥盆统与石炭系层序地层分析 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
塔里木盆地晚泥盆世-石炭纪为远离陆棚边缘的陆棚内部碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩陆表海沉积环境,在层序地层分布模式上与Vail等根据被动大陆边缘盆地提出的层序地层分布模式有所不同。共将上泥盆统-石炭系划分出五个层序,十四个体系域。其中,第Ｉ层序是在快速的海平面上升和陆源碎屑物质快速补偿条件下形成的;第Ⅱ层序代表陆源物质补给由快变慢的条件下形成的;第Ⅲ层序代表海面由慢速上升至快速下降过程中且陆源物质补给相对稳定条件下形成的;第Ⅳ层序代表海平面快速上升与陆源物质补给相对稳定的条件下形成的;第Ⅴ层序是在快速海平面上升及陆源物质供给补偿不足的条件下形成的。塔里木盆地晚泥盆世-石炭纪的沉积史是在相对海平面呈阶段性上升的海侵过程中发生的,可将这一时期的海平面变化划分为五个二级周期旋回。其中构造作用对第Ｉ、Ｉ、Ｖ周期的形成起了重要的作用。 相似文献
18.
辽河西部凹陷雷家地区古近系沙四段混合沉积特征研究 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
雷家地区古近系沙四段广泛发育湖相碳酸盐与陆源碎屑混合沉积。通过对研究区混合沉积的区域地质背景、岩石学特征、沉积环境等分析,认为该区混合沉积特征为结构混合和互层混合,其中结构混合（狭义的混积岩）在不同构造部位混积岩岩石成分不同,西部以内源型混合沉积为主,中东部以陆源型混合沉积为主,局部为火山岩型混积岩。混合沉积作用类型包括渐变式混合沉积和复合式混合沉积Ⅰ类,局部发育突变式混合沉积。最后,分析本区白云岩的成因,进而探讨形成混合沉积的地质条件和沉积环境。 相似文献