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新疆卡拉麦里碰撞带闭合时间的讨论——来自卡拉麦里小区志留、泥盆系、下石炭统地层约束的报告 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
卡拉麦里碰撞带一直存在"构造热",而地层和沉积学研究显得十分滞后,尤其与造山作用紧密相关的泥盆纪研究几乎是空白。从卡拉麦里碰撞带最基础的地层工作入手,进行了精细的生物地层和碎屑锆石定年以及沉积学深入工作,建立了本区地层新老及上下关系。发现泥盆纪记录了洋盆转换的剧烈时期。下、中泥盆统卡拉麦里组自下而上沉积特征是由深水相向浅水相演化,表明,卡拉麦里洋盆并没有关闭。晚泥盆世克安库都克组磨拉石发现是对卡拉麦里造山事件的沉积响应,是陆陆碰撞造山阶段的沉积产物。之后,早石炭世地层进入板内沉积阶段。表明,新疆卡拉麦里碰撞带,碰撞时间应在晚泥盆世,而不是目前普遍认为的早石炭世。 相似文献
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新疆东准泥盆系卡拉麦里组研究新进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2015,(4)
泥盆纪是新疆卡拉麦里碰撞带的关键时期,在碰撞带南侧广泛发育的泥盆系地层是卡拉麦里组,因此对其研究具有十分重要的意义。本文报道了近年来作者对卡拉麦里组研究的一些主要成果,包括:根据珊瑚和腕足类化石结合以及所测定的碎屑锆石年龄,指示其沉积时期为下、中泥盆世;根据沉积学研究,推断卡拉麦里组下段为重力流浊流沉积序列以及重力流水道相沉积类型,沉积环境为斜坡相-半深海相沉积环境,且卡拉麦里组自下而上是由深水相向浅水相演化。上述研究表明,卡拉麦里碰撞带在下、中泥盆世时期洋盆体系并没有关闭,而碰撞完成时间应在晚泥盆世,而后才进入到板内沉积阶段。 相似文献
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本文基于新疆哈密地区1∶5万板房沟幅和小柳沟幅区域地质调查新成果,对东天山北部古生代的重大构造事件以及演化历史进行了系统的梳理。基于下志留统与奥陶系之间角度不整合、下石炭统与泥盆系之间平行不整合以及上石炭统二道沟组与下伏岩系之间的角度不整合的确定,揭示奥陶纪与志留纪之交、泥盆纪与石炭纪之交以及晚石炭世期间存在几次重大构造事件。结合古生代不同时期沉积大地构造背景转换、岩浆活动构造环境转换以及构造变形格式转换的地质新纪录,提出奥陶纪与志留纪之交的造山事件为北部阿尔曼太洋闭合导致准噶尔—吐哈地块与阿尔泰地块碰撞的响应;泥盆纪与早石炭世之间的造陆构造事件可能是北部卡拉麦里洋盆初始汇拢碰撞的响应,其平行不整合以及下伏的志留纪—泥盆纪较稳定环境的沉积序列预示着介于卡拉麦里洋盆与南部北天山洋盆之间的准噶尔—吐哈地块为古亚洲洋盆体系中相对刚性的稳定陆块区,研究区作为准噶尔—吐哈地块的北部被动陆缘受卡拉麦里洋盆汇聚的影响较小;晚石炭世的造山事件则表现为响应卡拉麦里洋盆闭合后周缘前陆盆地的演化,是早石炭世沿卡拉麦里缝合带发生陆块碰撞以来挤压构造作用峰期的产物,其奠定了东天山北部北西-南东向构造基本格局。本文还重新界定莫钦乌拉断裂为北天山构造带(准噶尔—吐哈地块)与东准噶尔构造带的构造-地层分区界线,推断其为卡拉麦里缝合带向南东的延伸,并讨论了早石炭世受控不同构造体制的沉积和岩浆纪录的空间差异性,认为早石炭世北部莫钦乌拉山区域为与北侧卡拉麦里洋盆闭合后周缘挤压前陆盆地的发育过程,而南部博格达—哈尔里克山则总体呈现为响应南侧北天山洋盆闭合后的碰撞后伸展裂谷发育过程。 相似文献
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昆仑造山带晚泥盆世沉积特征及构造古地理环境 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：6
昆仑造山带基本构造-地层格架奠基于古生代,晚泥盆世是加里东造山旋回和华力西造山旋回转换的关键阶段,加里东碰撞造山和其后的伸展裂陷等记录均存在于晚泥盆世沉积地层中。西昆仑晚泥盆世奇自拉夫组为一套紫红色碎屑岩沉积,属典型的碰撞造山型磨拉石建造,为加里东碰撞造山的产物;东昆仑晚泥盆世黑山沟组和哈尔扎组岩性组合特征与牦牛山组极为相似,均为一套陆相、滨浅海相的碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩和中酸性火山岩组合,为典型的裂陷伸展型磨拉石建造,是晚古生代裂陷伸展盆地演化开始的标志。 相似文献
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东天山大地构造及演化--1:50万东天山大地构造图简要说明 总被引：33，自引：3，他引：30
以东天山地区古生代沉积建造分析为基础,探讨了该区古生代以来的大地构造格局和演化历程。认为该区震旦－泥盆纪具板块构造格局,石炭纪－早二叠世属碰撞期后的板内裂谷和裂陷槽。提出早古生代早中期该区曾古亚洲洋中的一个古老陆块（隶属准噶尔地块）,随着阿尔曼特洋盆和米什沟－干沟洋盆关闭,拼接到阿尔泰古陆边缘,成为西伯利亚古大陆的增生边缘。志留纪－早泥盆世沿卡拉麦里一带再次裂解,形成了卡拉麦里有限洋盆,将南准噶尔地块从西伯利亚大陆边缘割裂开来。随着卡拉麦里洋盆的向南俯冲,造成了东天山地区大南湖一带的泥盆纪岛弧杂岩带,构成了东天山地区斑岩铜矿的含矿岩系,中泥盆世末卡拉麦里洋盆关闭。早石炭世进入碰撞期后板内伸展阶段,形成一系列裂陷槽和裂谷,晚二叠世开始进入陆内造山阶段。新生代随着印度板块同欧亚大陆的碰撞,开始隆升。 相似文献
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陕西柞—山—商晚古生代拉分断陷盆地动力学与成矿作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用构造—岩相学和构造—热水沉积岩相填图研究,认为陕西柞水—山阳—商县(柞—山—商)晚古生代拉分盆地,在早古生代扬子板块北被动陆缘残余洋盆基础上,经历了志留纪—早泥盆世北秦岭岛弧造山带—残余洋盆转换过程。在中泥盆世演化为秦岭微板块北缘拉分断陷盆地,晚泥盆世叠加了深源碱性热流体叠加作用明显,形成了铁白云石钠质角砾岩相带,并发生了构造反转。石炭纪陆缘拉分盆地进一步发展演化为残余海盆萎缩封闭。这种造山带—沉积盆地—岛屿构造耦合与转换过程记录了由洋盆—岛弧碰撞造山转换为陆—陆碰撞造山过程。该拉分盆地中具有明显的区域成矿分带,与多期成矿成岩地质作用有关,在造山带—沉积盆地—岛屿构造耦合与转换中,中泥盆世柞—山—商拉分断陷盆地的四周被古陆块和造山带分隔,陆—陆碰撞过程驱动了造山带流体发生大规模排泄到该盆地内,在该拉分断陷盆地内形成了大规模热水沉积成岩成矿,各类热水沉积岩相发育。在该拉分盆地中,近东西向和北东向同生断裂作用形成了次级断陷盆地,为热水沉积成岩成矿提供了沉积容纳空间。热水沉积成因的银多金属—重晶石—菱铁矿矿床定位于三级和四级热水洼地。晚泥盆世—石炭纪近南北向的岩石圈地幔收缩,陆—陆碰撞收缩成为垂向热传输主要驱动力源,导致了陆壳尺度上碱性热流体被挤压垂向排出到陆表残余海盆之中,本区脉状富金镍钴铜矿与晚泥盆世—石炭纪深源碱性热流体隐爆作用形成的碱性铁白云石钠质角砾岩带密切有关。类卡林型金矿定位于该盆地上部基底构造层和盆地热水浊流沉积相内,主要与后期脆韧性剪切带有密切关系。 相似文献
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《地质通报》2020,(9)
内蒙古北山造山带是研究中亚造山带时空演化的重要地区,也是天山造山带与兴蒙造山带对接的关键地区。长期以来,由于工作条件的制约,该地区研究程度相对薄弱,晚古生代地层格架混乱且矛盾。根据近年来在该地区完成的1∶5万区调成果,通过晚古生代地层的区域分布、物质组成、时代归属等方面的系统梳理,并结合构造-岩浆配置和造山带结构的认识,重新建立了内蒙古北山地区黑鹰山地层分区晚古生代地层格架。重新划分和厘定出志留纪—泥盆纪雀儿山群红尖山组、碎石山组、清河沟组和圆锥山组,石炭纪绿条山组、白山组及二叠纪双堡塘组、金塔组,明确了雀儿山群为雀儿山陆缘弧环境形成的火山-沉积组合,包括晚志留世—中泥盆世红尖山组岛弧火山岩和碎石山组-清河沟组弧内盆地碎屑岩组合,以及晚泥盆世圆锥山组岛弧火山岩组合;石炭纪绿条山组、白山组形成于沟-弧-盆体系中,以红石山-百合山结合带为界南北具有明显的差异性:绿条山组北区为低成熟度的弧间盆地北缘滨浅海碎屑岩沉积,南区为成熟度较高的弧间盆地南缘滨浅海-半深海碎屑岩沉积;白山组北区为晚石炭世继承岛弧火山组合,南区为石炭纪陆缘弧火山组合。双堡塘组和金塔组为后碰撞-碰撞后的裂谷盆地沉积,具有下部碎屑岩、上部火山岩的二元结构,化石组合指示其时代为早—中二叠世。 相似文献
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北祁连-河西走廊志留系包括下志留统鹿角沟砾岩和肮脏沟组、中志留统泉脑沟山组和上志留统旱峡组，泥盆系包括中、下泥盆统老君山组和上泥盆统沙流水组。鹿角沟砾岩为水下冲积扇沉积，断续分布于北祁连西段。肮脏沟组在北祁连-河西走廊分布广泛，主要为半深海碎屑复理石沉积。泉脑沟山组和旱峡组分布于北祁连和河西走廊西段，前者以浅海相砂泥岩和泥灰岩为主，后者以滨海潮坪-浅海碎屑岩沉积为主。老君山组分布于古祁连山山前和山间盆地，为粗碎屑磨拉石沉积。沙流水组分布于河西走廊东段，为湖相沉积。区域古地理分析表明，北祁连-河西走廊志留纪-泥盆纪的古地理主要受北祁连加里东-早海西期不规则造山作用控制。鹿角沟砾岩标志着弧-陆碰撞最早发生于早志留世早期。早志留世北祁连-河西走廊由弧后残余盆地向前陆盆地转化。中、晚志留世北祁连东段剧烈造山并与阿拉善古陆的连接，前陆盆地限于北祁连-河西走廊西段。志留纪末期为北祁连的主造山期，泥盆纪形成高峻的古祁连山。早、中泥盆世形成山前和山间盆地的粗碎屑磨拉石沉积。晚泥盆世造山带西段造山作用剧烈，形成剥蚀区。东段造山作用微弱，山地被剥蚀，山前形成湖泊相的晚泥盆世沉积。 相似文献
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采用构造-岩相学和构造-热水沉积岩相填图研究,认为陕西柞水-山阳-商县（柞-山-商）晚古生代拉分盆地,在早古生代扬子板块北被动陆缘残余洋盆基础上,经历了志留纪-早泥盆世北秦岭岛弧造山带-残余洋盆转换过程。在中泥盆世演化为秦岭微板块北缘拉分断陷盆地,晚泥盆世叠加了深源碱性热流体叠加作用明显,形成了铁白云石钠质角砾岩相带,并发生了构造反转。石炭纪陆缘拉分盆地进一步发展演化为残余海盆萎缩封闭。这种造山带-沉积盆地-岛屿构造耦合与转换过程记录了由洋盆-岛弧碰撞造山转换为陆-陆碰撞造山过程。该拉分盆地中具有明显的区域成矿分带,与多期成矿成岩地质作用有关,在造山带-沉积盆地-岛屿构造耦合与转换中,中泥盆世柞-山-商拉分断陷盆地的四周被古陆块和造山带分隔,陆-陆碰撞过程驱动了造山带流体发生大规模排泄到该盆地内,在该拉分断陷盆地内形成了大规模热水沉积成岩成矿,各类热水沉积岩相发育。在该拉分盆地中,近东西向和北东向同生断裂作用形成了次级断陷盆地,为热水沉积成岩成矿提供了沉积容纳空间。热水沉积成因的银多金属-重晶石-菱铁矿矿床定位于三级和四级热水洼地。晚泥盆世-石炭纪近南北向的岩石圈地幔收缩,陆-陆碰撞收缩成为垂向热传输主要驱动力源,导致了陆壳尺度上碱性热流体被挤压垂向排出到陆表残余海盆之中,本区脉状富金镍钴铜矿与晚泥盆世-石炭纪深源碱性热流体隐爆作用形成的碱性铁白云石钠质角砾岩带密切有关。类卡林型金矿定位于该盆地上部基底构造层和盆地热水浊流沉积相内,主要与后期脆韧性剪切带有密切关系。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
14.
Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated. 相似文献
15.
16.
摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。 相似文献
17.
位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
18.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
19.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
20.
The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time. 相似文献