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1.
复方中草药对吉富罗非鱼生长及肠道菌群的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将A、B、C三种复方中草药分别按质量分数1.5%的比例添加到罗非鱼商品饲料中,喂养初始体重约16.58±0.48g的吉富罗非罗28d,通过测定罗非鱼的增重率、饲料系数、肠道菌群等指标,研究三种复方中草药制剂对罗非鱼生长性能及肠道菌群的影响。结果显示:三种复方中草药制剂对罗非鱼的增重率、成活率、饲料系数等生长性能指标虽无显著影响(P>0.05),但与对照组相比,添加1.5%的复方中草药制剂C可使吉富罗非鱼的增重率提高10.82%,饲料系数降低4.71%,蛋白质效率提高15.68%;三种复方中草药制剂均可显著促进罗非鱼肠道细菌、双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌的生长(P<0.05),C方中草药制剂还可显著抑制大肠杆菌生长(P<0.05)。结果表明,C方中草药制剂可显著促进罗非鱼肠道中乳酸杆菌等有益菌群的增殖,抑制大肠杆菌生长,从而有效促进罗非鱼生长。 相似文献
2.
《广东海洋大学学报》2020,(5)
【目的】研究配合饲料中添加乳酸杆菌和粪肠球菌对军曹鱼幼鱼生长、消化酶和免疫酶活性的影响。【方法】在基础饲料中分别按1.0×10~8、3.0×10~8、5.0×10~8cfu/g单独喷洒乳酸杆菌和粪肠球菌两种菌,制作6种饲料,投喂初始体质量(10.66±0.09)g的健康军曹鱼幼鱼10周,以基础饲料为对照组,测定幼鱼生长性能、消化酶和免疫酶指标。【结果】与对照组比,乳酸菌组幼鱼饵料系数降低(P0.05),增重率和特定生长率呈现先升后降的变化趋势,并显著高于对照组(P0.05),乳酸杆菌添加组的增重率和特定生长率整体显著高于粪肠球菌添加组(P0.05),在3.0×10~8cfu/g乳酸杆菌添加组达到最大值;乳酸菌组的淀粉酶(AMS)、胰蛋白酶(TRY)和脂肪酶(LPS)活性均显著高于对照组(P0.05);两种乳酸菌添加组的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和溶菌酶(LZM)活性高于对照组,而丙二醛(MAD)活性显著低于对照(P0.05)。【结论】以喷洒方式在饲料中添加乳酸杆菌和粪肠球菌,可显著提高军曹鱼的生长性能、消化能力和非特异性免疫力,影响效果与添加量和添加乳酸菌种类有关,乳酸杆菌对军曹鱼的相关作用效果优于粪肠球菌,以3.0×10~8cfu/g乳酸杆菌的效果最佳。 相似文献
3.
研究了配合饵料、轮虫、蛋黄、轮虫+人工配合饵料(3～12日龄投喂轮虫,13日龄起投喂配合饵料)等4种开口饵料对奥尼罗非鱼仔鱼生长、发育和存活影响。结果表明,1)投喂不同饵料对奥尼罗非鱼仔鱼生长具有显著影响(P<0.05),轮虫+配合饵料组生长较快,绝对增重率和特定增重率分别为0.011g/d和17.18%d-1;蛋黄组生长最慢,绝对增重率和特定增重率与其他各组差异显著(P<0.05)。2)轮虫+配合饵料与轮虫组的仔鱼成活率较高,分别为90.3%和89.7%,2组差异不显著(P>0.05),且仔鱼发育较好,大部分个体进入稚鱼阶段;蛋黄组成活率最低,只有40.7%,个体发育较为缓慢,与其他各组差异显著(P<0.05)。可见,投喂鲜活的天然饵料(轮虫)+配合饵料是罗非鱼苗种培育的最佳开口饵料。 相似文献
4.
抗菌肽对凡纳滨对虾生长和机体免疫的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基础饲料(对照组)中添加10g/kg抗菌肽制剂喂养体重0.10±0.01g、体长2.17±0.11cm的凡纳滨对虾(Penaeus vannamei)30d,进行10d的水浴攻毒(鳗弧菌10~8/mL),探讨饲料中添加抗菌肽对凡纳滨虾生长、成活率、免疫保护率,以及肌肉中溶菌酶活性、超氧化物歧化酶活性、总抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明:饲料中添加抗菌肽可显著提高凡纳滨对虾相对增重率、成活率和对致病菌的免疫保护率(P<0.05),但对饲料系数无显著影响(P>0.05);未受外界微生物刺激时,饲料中添加抗菌肽对凡纳滨对虾总抗氧化能力有促进作用(P<0.05),受外界微生物刺激后,饲料中添加抗菌肽喂养凡纳滨对虾可提高对虾超氧化物歧化酶活性(P<0.05)和总抗氧化能力(P<0.01)。因此饲料中添加抗菌肽喂养凡纳滨对虾可提高其机体非特异性免疫。 相似文献
5.
壳寡糖对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼生长性能、非特异性免疫及血液学指标的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用添加质量分数0.00(对照组)、0.10%、0.30%、0.50%和0.70%壳寡糖的饲料饲喂初始体重(3.81±0.23)g的吉富罗非鱼幼鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)10周,研究不同浓度壳寡糖的添加对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼的生长、非特异性免疫功能以及血脂指标的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,在4个不同浓度添加组中,添加质量分数0.50%壳寡糖能显著提高幼鱼的增重率(P<0.05)、特定生长率(P<0.05),并降低饲料系数(P<0.05);添加质量分数0.3%和0.5%壳寡糖能显著提高幼鱼抗嗜水气单胞菌感染的能力(P<0.01);添加质量分数0.10%、0.30%、0.50%壳寡糖能显著提高幼鱼血清中碱性磷酸酶活性(P<0.05)。同时,各浓度的壳寡糖均能明显提高幼鱼血清中溶菌酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性以及抗嗜水气单胞菌感染的能力(P<0.05),并降低幼鱼血清中总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平(P<0.05)。在本实验条件下,添加壳寡糖可提高吉富罗非鱼幼鱼生长性能、饲料利用率、非特异性免疫功能和调节血脂水平,添加量以质量分数0.30%~0.50%为宜。 相似文献
6.
地衣芽孢杆菌在异育银鲫日粮中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在异育银鲫基础日粮中分别添加质量分数0.01%、0.02%、0.03%、0.04%的地衣芽孢杆菌,测定了鱼体的生长及食糜植酸酶活性等。结果表明:与对照组相比,添加量0.01%、0.02%、0.03%组的增重率分别显著提高了12.46%、18.59%、18.84%;添加量0.02%、0.03%组的磷表观消化率分别提高37.63%、35.03%(P<0.05);饵料系数降低了0.52、0.57(P<0.05),其他组差异不显著。与对照组相比,0.03%组食糜植酸酶活性提高50.79%、0.04%组肝体比降低20.91%(P<0.05),其他组差异不显著。因此在异育银鲫日粮中添加地衣芽孢杆菌提高了机体酶活性,促进了鱼体生长。 相似文献
7.
复合酸化剂对鲤生长及消化酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)基础饲料中,分别添加不同梯度的复合酸化剂(质量分数分别为0、0.2%、0.3%),研究复合酸化剂对其生长和消化酶活性的影响。结果表明:1)添加复合酸化剂显著(P<0.05)提高鲤鱼的相对增重率、特定生长率、饵料转化效率、饲料蛋白质效率以及饲料蛋白质沉积率等生长性能指标;2)添加质量分数0.3%的复合酸化剂时,鲤鱼肝胰脏、前肠和中肠的蛋白酶活性显著提高(P<0.05),酸化剂组的淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性有升高的趋势,但与对照组差异不显著;3)鱼体的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分、水分、肥满度及内脏比等品质指标在各组间差异不显著。综上所述,鲤鱼饲料中添加以柠檬酸、乳酸、磷酸等为主的复合酸化剂,可显著提高鲤鱼肝胰脏、前肠和中肠的蛋白酶活性,促进鲤鱼生长。 相似文献
8.
在饲料中添加EM(effectivemicroorganism)培养物 ,对断乳仔猪进行饲养和疾病防治试验。结果表明 :添加EM或EM培养物的试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组及治疗组的平均增重比对照组平均增重分别高出 2 .2 6 、2 .34 和 1.2 7 。试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和治疗组的平均增重与对照组的平均增重间的差异在 1%水平上显著 ;试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组的平均增重间差异不显著。试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和治疗组的料重比分别比对照组降低 0 .19、0 .18、0 .11。试验组的发病率为 6 .7% ,对照组的发病率为 4 0 % ,而防治组中患白痢的仔猪在 4d内完全康复。故在仔猪饲粮中添加EM培养物 ,可提高饲料利用率和仔猪的生长速度 ,及增强机体抗病力。 相似文献
9.
不同饲料蛋白水平下L-肉碱对新吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼生长和饲料利用的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
研究了三个蛋白水平(22%、25%、28%)和五个L-肉碱水平(0、200、400、600、800mg/kg)下尼罗罗非鱼生长和饲料利用率。结果表明,随着饲料中蛋白水平的提高,罗非鱼幼鱼的终体重、增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)呈上升趋势,而饲料系数(FCR)和蛋白质效率(PER)均随饲料蛋白水平的升高而显著下降(P<0.05);同等蛋白水平下,终体重、WGR和SGR均在L-肉碱添加量为200mg/kg时最高,不添加L-肉碱组最小;在添加400mg/kgL-肉碱时FCR最小,而PER最大,与不添加L-肉碱组比较,差异均显著(P<0.05)。说明饲料中蛋白含量和L-肉碱添加量能显著影响罗非鱼幼鱼的生长和饲料利用,而外源性L-肉碱可明显促进罗非鱼生长,提高饲料转化效率。 相似文献
10.
植酸酶对凡纳滨对虾生长性能和体成分的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在凡纳滨对虾饲料中添加不同量微生物植酸酶(0,500,1000,2000 U/kg),观察虾的存活率、增重率、饲料系数及虾体和虾壳成分,研究饲料中添加植酸酶对凡纳滨对虾生长性能的影响。结果表明:饲养8周后,饲料中添加500~2000 U/kg植酸酶对凡纳滨对虾增重率、存活率和饲料利用无显著影响(P>0.05);植酸酶添加各组与对照组虾体的水分、粗蛋白、脂肪、灰分、总钙和总磷含量差异不显著;虾壳中粗灰分和钙含量在500和1000 U/kg组显著高于对照组和2000 U/kg组(P<0.05),虾壳磷含量在各饲料组间差异不显著。血清磷浓度在对照组和2000 U/kg组显著高于500 U/kg组(P<0.05),血清钙浓度在组间差异不显著,血清碱性磷酸酶活性以对照组最高,显著高于500和1000 U/kg组。结果说明,在特定试验条件下,饲料中添加植酸酶对凡纳滨对虾幼虾的虾壳和血清成分有显著影响(P<0.05),对幼虾生长性能影响不显著(P>0.05)。 相似文献
11.
Limited information has been available about the influence of loading density on the performances of Scophthalmus maximus, especially in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). In this study, turbot (13.84±2.74 g; average weight±SD) were reared at four different initial densities (low 0.66, medium 1.26, sub-high 2.56, high 4.00 kg/m2) for 10 weeks in RAS at 23±1°C. Final densities were 4.67, 7.25, 14.16, and 17.47 kg/m2, respectively, which translate to 82, 108, 214, and 282 percent coverage of the tank bottom. Density had both negative and independent impacts on growth. The final mean weight, specific growth rate (SGR), and voluntary feed intake significantly decreased and the coefficient of variation (CV) of final body weight increased with increase in stocking density. The medium and sub-high density groups did not differ significantly in SGR, mean weight, CV, food conversion rate (FCR), feed intake, blood parameters, and digestive enzymes. The protease activities of the digestive tract at pH 7, 8.5, 9, and 10 were significantly higher for the highest density group, but tended to be lower (not significantly) at pH 4 and 8.5 for the lowest density group. The intensity of protease activity was inversely related to feed intake at the different densities. Catalase activity was higher (but not significantly) at the highest density, perhaps because high density started to induce an oxidative effect in turbot. In conclusion, turbot can be cultured in RAS at a density of less than 17.47 kg/m2. With good water quality and no feed limitation, initial density between 1.26 and 2.56 kg/m2 (final: 7.25 and 14.16 kg/m2) would not negatively affect the turbot cultured in RAS. For culture at higher density, multi-level feeding devices are suggested to ease feeding competition. 相似文献
12.
Juvenile silver pomfret, Pampus argenteus, was grown in culture tanks for 9 weeks on four different diets, and their effects on fish growth, digestive enzyme activity, and body composition were assessed. The feeding regime was as follows: Diet 1: fish meat; Diet 2: fish meat+artificial feed; Diet 3: fish meat+artificial feed+Agamaki clam meat; Diet 4: fish meat+artificial feed+Agamaki clam+copepods. The greatest weight gain was associated with Diet 4, while the lowest weight gain was associated with Diet 1. No significant difference was observed in weight gain between fish receiving Diet 2 and Diet 3. Specific growth rate followed similar trends as weight gain. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) of fish fed Diet 1 was significantly higher than the other fish groups, but no significant differences were observed in FCRs of fish fed Diet 2, Diet 3 or Diet 4. There was also no significant difference in the hepatosomatic index (HSI) between the four diets. For fish that received Diets 2-4, containing artificial feed, higher protease activities were detected. A higher lipid content of the experimental diets also significantly increased lipase activities and body lipid content. No significant differences in amylase activity or body protein content were found between Diets 1-4. In conclusion, a variety of food components, including copepods and artificial feed, in the diet of silver pomfret significantly increased digestive enzyme activity and could improve growth performance. 相似文献
13.
以鱼粉、酪蛋白和明胶为蛋白源,分别以20%添加水平的葡萄糖、糊精、蔗糖、玉米淀粉、小麦淀粉和马铃薯淀粉为糖源,配制成6种不同糖源的等氮等能饲料,研究不同糖源对方斑东风螺幼螺生长性能、饲料利用、消化酶活性、糖原含量、蛋白质含量及肉壳比的影响。结果表明:方斑东风螺幼螺的增重率、特定生长率、饲料系数、蛋白质效率,消化酶活性、糖原含量、蛋白质含量及肉壳比均受到糖源种类的显著影响(P<0.05)。增重率、特定生长率从高至低依次为小麦淀粉组、玉米淀粉组、马铃薯淀粉组、糊精组、葡萄糖组、蔗糖组;饲料系数及蛋白质效率均以小麦淀粉组表现最好,与马铃薯淀粉组和玉米淀粉组无显著性差异,显著优于糊精组、葡萄糖组及蔗糖组。消化酶活性的分析结果表明,淀粉酶活性最高的是蔗糖组和小麦淀粉组,糊精组次之,葡萄糖组和马铃薯淀粉组的淀粉酶活性最低;各处理组脂肪酶活性存在显著差异,从高至低分依次为马铃薯淀粉组>小麦淀粉组>糊精组>玉米淀粉组>蔗糖组、葡萄糖组;蛋白酶活性以小麦淀粉组最高,其次为蔗糖组,其他糖源组并无显著差异;而内脏团糖原和肌糖原含量,除了葡萄糖组外,其他各组差异不显著(P>0.05);蛋白质含量以葡萄糖组最高,小麦淀粉组最低,而肉壳比则刚好相反,以小麦淀粉组和玉米淀粉组最高,葡萄糖组最低。以生长、饲料利用率和消化酶活性为评价指标,方斑东风螺饲料中采用小麦淀粉作为糖源效果最优。 相似文献
14.
A 54-day feeding experiment was conducted on juvenile Nile tilapia using isonitrogenous, isocaloric semipurified diets. The
carbohydrate content in the diet was 9%, 32% and 50%; the corresponding lipid content was 22.2%, 12%, and 4%. The diets were
supplemented with 0.85% or 1.5% phosphorus and 40 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg zinc. The experiment was carried out in flow-through
aquaria using dechlorinated tap water at 23–26°C.
The experiment showed that the increase of the carbohydrate content in the diets resulted in a 43–249% increase in weight
gain, a 27–59% decrease in feed conversion ratio, and a 65–121% increase in protein efficiency ratio. In fish fed diets containing
36–50% carbohydrate, an increase in supplemented phosphorus to 1.5% greatly increased the weight gain. On the contrary, a
high content of supplemented zinc (100 mg/kg) inhibited growth and increased feed conversion ratio. 相似文献
15.
以鱼粉和酪蛋白为蛋白源,添加鱼油、豆油、α-马铃薯淀粉、纤维素以及适量的维生素和矿物质配制成实验饲料,蛋白质质量分数设置41%、47%、53%3个水平,能量设置12 561、14 655、16 748 kJ/kg 3个水平,饲养点带石斑鱼幼鱼59 d后,以增重率、蛋白质效率、饲料系数为评价指标,分析不同能量蛋白比的饲料对点带石斑鱼体内消化酶活性的影响。结果表明:当能量蛋白比分别为31.30、33.50、32.26 kJ/g时,点带石斑鱼增重率、蛋白质效率达到极大值,饲料系数达到极小值;能量蛋白比在31.62～35.54 kJ/g范围内,胃、肠道的蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶活性较强。点带石斑鱼幼鱼配合饲料中合适的能量蛋白比为31.62～33.50 kJ/g。 相似文献
16.
Zhao Chen Hongxing Ge Zhiqiang Chang Xiefa Song Fazhen Zhao Jian Li 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2018,17(4):905-912
In order to investigate the culture characteristics of two indoor intensive Litopenaeus vannamei farming modes, recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) and water exchange system (WES), this study was carried out to analyze the water quality and nitrogen budget including various forms of nitrogen, microorganism and chlorophyll-a. Nitrogen budget was calculated based on feed input, shrimp harvest, water quality and renewal rate, and collection of bottom mud. Input nitrogen retained in shrimp was 23.58% and 19.10% respectively for WES and RAS, and most of nitrogen waste retained in water and bottom mud. In addition, most of nitrogen in the water of WES was TAN (21.32%) and nitrite (15.30%), while in RAS was nitrate (25.97%), which means that more than 76% of ammonia and nitrite were removed. The effect of microalgae in RAS and WES was negligible. However, bacteria played a great role in the culture system considering the highest cultivable cultivable bacterial populations in RAS and WES were 1.03×1010 cfu mL?1 and 2.92×109 cfu mL?1, respectively. Meanwhile the proportion of bacteria in nitrogen budget was 29.61% and 24.61% in RAS and WES, respectively. RAS and WES could realize shrimp high stocking culture with water consuming rate of 1.25 m3 per kg shrimp and 3.89 m3 per kg shrimp, and power consuming rates of 3.60 kw h per kg shrimp and 2.51 kw h per kg shrimp, respectively. This study revealed the aquatic environment and nitrogen budget of intensive shrimp farming in detail, which provided the scientific basis for improving the industrial shrimp farming. 相似文献
17.
【目的】探究不同碳水化合物与蛋白质水平配合饲料对光裸星虫(Sipunculus nudus)稚虫生长及体壁营养成分的影响。【方法】以碳水化合物/蛋白质质量分数分别为39.46%/20.67%(EG1组)、34.97%/24.02%(EG2组)、30.48%/27.37%(EG3组)、25.99%/30.72%(EG4组)和21.50%/34.07%(EG5组)的饲料,饲喂体质量为(2.45±0.40)g的光裸星虫稚虫12周,测定稚虫的生长指标及体壁一般营养成分及氨基酸组成。【结果】随着碳水化合物水平降低、蛋白质水平升高,各饲料组光裸星虫的增重率和特定生长率均呈先升后降的趋势,其中EG2组的增重率和特定生长率显著性高于其余4组(P<0.05);EG2组的存活率显著高于EG3组、EG5组(P<0.05),但与EG1组、EG4组差异不显著(P>0.05);不同碳水化合物蛋白质水平饲料会影响光裸星虫稚虫体壁的水分及其干物质的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分、蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、丙氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、酪氨酸和精氨酸的含量(P<0.05),而各组的其他氨基酸含量、必需氨基酸总量、呈味氨基酸总量、氨基酸总量则差异不显著(P>0.05)。【结论】当饲料碳水化合物/蛋白质质量分数为34.97%/24.02%时,光裸星虫增重率和特定生长率最高,且不会影响其体壁的氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸和呈味氨基酸含量。 相似文献
18.
Wang Yanfeng Chi Liang Liu Qinghua Xiao Yongshuang Ma Daoyuan Xiao Zhizhong Xu Shihong Li Jun 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2019,37(1):350-360
Atlantic salmon reared in recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) may lead to inappropriately high stocking density, because fish live in a limited space. Finding the suitable stocking density of Atlantic salmon reared in RAS is very important for RAS industry. In this paper, the influence of stocking density on growth and some stress related physiological factors were investigated to evaluate the effects of stocking density. The fish were reared for 220 days at five densities (A: 24 kg/m3; B: 21 kg/m3; C: 15 kg/m3; D: 9 kg/ m3 and E: 6 kg/m3 ). The results show that 30 kg/m3 might be the maximum density which RAS can afford in China. The stocking densities under 30 kg/m3 have no effect on mortality of Atlantic salmon reared in RAS. However, the specific growth rate (SGR), final weight and weight gain in the high density group were significantly lower than the lower density groups and middle density groups. Moreover, feed conversion rate (FCR) had a negative correlation with density. Plasma hormone T3 and GH showed significant decrease with the increase of the stocking density of the experiment. Furthermore, thyroid hormone (T3), GH (growth hormone) activities were decreased with stocking density increase. However, plasma cortisol, GOT (glutamic oxalacetic transaminase) and GPT (glutamic pyruvic transaminase) activities were increase with stocking density increase. And the stocking density has no effects on plasma lysozyme of Atlantic salmon reared in RAS. These investigations would also help devise efficient ways to rear adult Atlantic salmon in China and may, in a way, help spread salmon mariculture in China.
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