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一种基于GIS的多模型统计结果的自动综合方法 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
当用多种统计数学模型预测矿产资源靶区时,预测结果往往是不同的,需要进一步的统计综合。本文探讨了ＧＩＳ矿产资源统计预测中,将不同统计预测结果进行自动综合的计算机算法,以ＭａｐＩｎｆｏ 为软件平台,用ＭａｐＢａｓｉｃ语言编制了算法的计算机程序,在该软件平台中实现了多模型统计预测结果的自动综合。 相似文献
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当用多种统计数学模型预测矿产资源靶区时,预测结果往往是不同的,需要进一步的统计综合.本文探讨了GIS矿产资源统计预测中,将不同统计预测结果进行自动综合的计算机算法,以MapInfo为软件平台,用MapBasic语言编制了算法的计算机程序,在该软件平台中实现了多模型统计预测结果的自动综合. 相似文献
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地理信息系统在金属矿产预测中的应用 总被引：24，自引：5，他引：19
地理信息系统ＧＩＳ是近几年发展起来的综合处理和分析空间数据的一种十分有效的新技术系统。利用ＧＩＳ可以对金属矿区现有大量的地学数据资料进行二次开发,进而成矿预测。本文利用ＧＩＳ（ＭａｐＶＧＩＳ）分析鄂东南地区铁矿成矿地质条件和找矿预测。 相似文献
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分析了几种网络计算模式的特点,针对客户机／服务器模式设计了一个地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）访问数据库的结构框架———客户端分为ＧＩＳ功能层和数据库请求层两层,服务器存放数据,并将此结构与ＥＳＲＩ公司的空间数据库引擎（ＳＤＥ）作了对比;通过比较几种数据库访问的程序实现方式,认为ＯＤＢＣＡＰＩ在开放性方面是良好的．最后给出的ＭＡＰＧＩＳ实例表明：采用上述设计思路的应用系统不但利用了原有ＭＡＰＧＩＳ的研究成果,实现了ＧＩＳ访问网络数据库的功能,而且还具有良好的开放性． 相似文献
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空间信息技术的发展及其在地球科学中的应用 总被引：35，自引：1，他引：34
空间信息技术有两个分支：其一是空间图形信息技术,即地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）;其二是地质统计学。两种技术在本质上是相通的。ＧＩＳ的核心是建立图形元素的拓扑关系与建立空间数据库与属性数据库的联动关系。正是立足于这两个重要关系,使对千变万化的地学图形信息进行灵活高效的编辑、检索与显示成为可能。在迄今为止所有的计算机应用系统中,ＧＩＳ无疑将在地学中产生最重要的影响。地质统计学是一种空间数字处理技术,它是传统统计学的空间版本。用包含多元统计学的传统统计方法研究地质问题存在严重的缺陷,因为传统统计学忽略变量的空间存在,而地质过程具有强烈的空间性。地质统计学恰恰是立足于变量的空间关系发展起来的统计科学,因此它特别适用于地球科学。正如空间图形与空间数字可以相互转换一样,两种空间信息技术也存在内在的关系。利用ＧＩＳ与地质统计学这两种空间信息技术,使我们能不断地在空间图形与空间数字这两种状态间穿越。空间信息技术为地质学家在进行矿产资源预测、物化遥数据分析、地质环境评价、地质灾害评价与矿产资源管理等方面提供了强有力的工具。空间信息技术特别适合于地球科学,它不仅能大幅度地提高地球科学对图形的编制和研究的效率和水平,而且也将转变传统的? 相似文献
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本文论述了ＧＩＳ应用系统结构模式的三个发展阶段,单机模式,Ｃ／Ｓ模式,Ｂ／Ｓ模式,指出了三种模式各自的优缺点及其实现的有关方法,同时,提出采用Ｃ／Ｓ和Ｂ／Ｓ有机集成的混合模式以提高ＧＩＳ的综合效益。 相似文献
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应用GIS进行矿产资源评价现状及技术方法研究方向 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
ＧＩＳ作为一种有效的矿产资源评价预测方法,在国外已被广泛应用,在对国内外应用ＧＩＳ进行矿产资源评价的现状、技术方法进行探讨的基础上,重点介绍了新疆ＧＩＳ的发展现状,并就新疆进行ＧＩＳ矿产资源评价的技术方法、技术思路进行了研究与探讨。 相似文献
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１：２０万数字地质图空间数据库的建立为应用ＧＩＳ技术对多源地学信息进行综合分析和解释奠定了基础。本文论述了应用ＡＲＣ／ＩＮＦＯ和ＭＡＰＧＩＳ等ＧＩＳ系统,各取所长地建立数字地质图空间数据的方法,总结了建库工作中的经验和应注意的一些问题,探讨了ＭＡＰＧＩＳ与ＡＲＣ／ＩＮＦＯ之间数据转换的方法,提出了本数据库在资料评价工作中的应用前景。 相似文献
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阐述了地学信息图谱的内涵及其概念模式,以山东省龙口市为例,在RS和GIS技术支持下,利用1989年和2003年数字遥感图像、土地利用图及自然、社会经济统计数据,建立了龙口市土地利用动态变化信息图谱。根据信息图谱从空间和时间两方面分析了龙口市土地利用动态变化过程,推测出其土地利用变化的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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Management of Historical Seismic Data Using GIS: The Island of Ischia (Southern Italy) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper presents the results of the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) inmanaging information on the effects of earthquakes in historical times on the island ofIschia. The unpublished sources on the Casamicciola earthquake of 28 July 1883 andthe extensive bibliography documenting the island's seismicity from 1228 showed theneed to proceed towards a type of data storage that would also allow management ofthe same data. Application of GIS techniques allowed us to insert, extract, handle,manage and analyse the data for the zoning of seismic damage on the island of Ischia.The end-product consists of information layers, such as maps of isoseismals, the damage, and hazard involved, as well as numerical tables associated to maps.The study was developed using GIS Arc-View 3.2 software (ESRI) and is structured inthematic vectorial levels and rasters. The overlapping themes constitute a cartographicdata base of the island. The damaged sites are located on a map at a scale of 1:10,000,with all the information on the 1883 earthquake (total number of houses, number ofcollapsed houses, collapsed or damaged rooms, photographs, plans of buildings, etc.)being associated to each site. The GIS is structured in such a way as to be able to beintegrated with further georeferenced data and with other databases. It is thus able toprovide support both for in-depth analyses of the dynamic processes on the island andextend the assessment to other natural risks (volcanic, landslides, flooding, etc.). 相似文献
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Natural hazards pose an increasing threat to society and, for this reason, it is necessary to develop models and methodologies for better understanding and forecasting extreme weather events. A new structure of the Greek Regional Administration (Kallikratis) was established in 2011, based on geographical criteria, in order to create an operational and capable administration. An Atmospheric Hazards Early Warning System (AHEWS) could be characterised as an ultimate tool for the local authorities (first and second tier level) in order to organise and implement efficient plans to mitigate the risk. New operation centres (related to regional and municipality administration level) are suggested to be staffed and equipped with the proposed Early Warning System (EWS). The AHEWS will link to extensive Geographical Information Systems (GIS) datasets and methodologies for safety plans by government agencies and services in order to mitigate the impacts caused by atmospheric extreme events. AHEWS involves high-resolution Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) products, ground observation network, lightning detection network and satellite information in terms of early convective, initiation and Now-Casting. Storms, lightings, gale winds, snow, hail, tornadoes, low temperatures, heatwaves and several others extreme events are weather phenomena that AHEWS deals with in order to prevent and mitigate impacts on humans and constructions. An automated dissemination procedure is described here for individual and administrative users, followed by safety and action plans, respectively. 相似文献
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上海市防汛辅助决策系统研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
针对威胁上海的三大水灾，研制暴雨积水模型、风暴潮模型、河网水力模型、灾害评估模型，在GIS基础上建立了上海市防汛辅助决策系统，实现了对处于平原感潮河网的上海市洪涝灾害的实时监测、分析预报、风险评估和网上发布。为分析洪涝形势、制定防汛成灾方案、进行灾情评估以及工程管理，提供准确、及时、全面的信息支持。阐述了系统的总体设计、功能模块、关键技术和特色，分析了GIS、水动力学模型在系统中的作用。 相似文献
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GIS and Volcanic Risk Management 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Volcanic catastrophes constitute a majorproblem in many developing and developed countries. Inrecent years population growth and the expansion ofsettlements and basic supply lines (e.g., water, gas,etc.) have greatly increased the impact of volcanicdisasters. Correct land-use planning is fundamental inminimising both loss of life and damage to property.In this contribution Geographical Information Systems(GIS), linked with remote sensing technology andtelecommunications/warning systems, have emerged asone of the most promising tools to support thedecision-making process. Some GIS are presented fortwo volcanic areas in Italy, Mt. Etna and Vesuvius.GIS role in risk management is then discussed, keepingin mind the different volcanic scenarios of effusiveand explosive phenomena. Mt. Etna system covers alarge area (more than 1,000 km2) potentiallyaffected by effusive phenomena (lava flows) whichcause damage to both houses and properties in general.No risk to life is expected. The time-scales of lavaflows allow, at least in principle, modification ofthe lava path by the building of artificial barriers.Vesuvius shows typically an explosive behaviour. Inthe case of a medium size explosive eruption, 600,000people would potentially have to be evacuated from anarea of about 200 km2 around the Volcano, sincethey are exposed to ruinous, very fast phenomena likepyroclastic surges and flows, lahars, ash fallout,etc. Ash fallout and floods/lahars are also expectedin distal areas, between Vesuvius and Avellino,downwind of the volcano. GIS include digital elevationmodels, satellite images, volcanic hazard maps andvector data on natural and artificial features (energysupply lines, strategic buildings, roads, railways,etc.). The nature and the level of detail in the twodata bases are different, on the basis of thedifferent expected volcanic phenomena. The GIS havebeen planned: (a) for volcanic risk mitigation (hazard,value, vulnerability and risk map assessing), (b) toprovide suitable tools during an impending crisis, (c)to provide a basis for emergency plans. 相似文献
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南京市防洪减灾信息系统研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
南京市防不共减灾信息系统是应用ＧＩＳ技术,将南京市的河流水系、防洪工程、交通网络、城镇、圩区与水情、雨情、预报调度诸方面集成为一个系统。为洪水形势分析,制定防洪减灾方案,进行灾情评估以及工程管理、提供迅速、全面、准确的信息支持。系统由６个子组成,规模大,内容丰富,覆盖面广,适应性强。 相似文献
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大千世界万物众生,具有物以类聚、人以群分的客观规律,因而促使对客观对象的科学研究皆可采用分门别类的方法去进行,这一理念同样可以延伸到地图制图及地理信息系统等以地物、地图为研究对象的学科中。由此衍生的数据分层是地理信息系统的关键词之一,科学有效的数据分层,是数据管理、GIS地图编制、制图综合、专题制图、空间分析的前提,国内、外著名的CAD、GIS软件都充分利用了层概念和其技术。在讨论层概念的基础上,利用两个在地学界应用比较广泛的和著名的GIS软件即我国具有自主版权的MapGIS和来自美国的ArcGIS,仔细研究和分析了层概念在软件中的应用;经研究进一步表明,数据分层是GIS技术得以进行空间数据管理、表达及进行空间分析的基础;在此基础上,对主题层、数据层、图层进行了概念上的界定,以此帮助对GIS技术的理解和应用。 相似文献
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三维地理信息系统（3D—GIS）的发展现状及趋势 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
地理信息系统技术已经被大量应用于资源管理,环境监测,城市规划,土地管理及交通,水利,林业等领域,但ＧＩＳ技术的发展还远没有止境。人们已经不满足于传统的二维ＧＩＳ软件平台,取而代之的是空间的,立体的三维ＧＩＳ。但由于３Ｄ－ＧＩＳ包括了第三个坐标以及从平面到立体的换算,所以增加了大量的存储量和额外的数据量,因而时至今日,真正的３Ｄ－ＧＩＳ软件还很少。本文一方面介绍了３Ｄ－ＧＩＳ的概念,特点以及发展现状 相似文献
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Y. Ishikawa 《GeoJournal》2000,52(3):189-194
Japanese geography studies are now being greatly affected by the rapid development of geographical information systems (GIS). Unfortunately, there has been little response from Japanese population geographers to this movement. Is GIS a welcome or an unwelcome guest? After discussing the significance of employing GIS, this article introduces some recent papers that used GIS in the field of population geography on such issues as mortality mapping, migration analysis, and household studies. Then, the two promising population-related topics of married one-person households and fertility are discussed. The ability of GIS to greatly facilitate analysis, which previously needed much time and energy, can be an encouraging stimulus of innovation in studies of current population geography. Therefore, GIS is clearly a welcome guest, although it is too wishful to think that its use would lead directly to a revitalization of contemporary population geography studies. 相似文献