共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
三峡水库175 m蓄水以来,水位周期性涨落,使得岸坡岩体强度下降而逐渐劣化,易导致岩质岸坡失稳破坏,因此引起了广泛的关注。岩体劣化与库水位的波动有关,其损伤劣化区域必然与水力调整范围有一定的关系。本文提出了基于裂隙网络模型渗流差异的岩体劣化空间分析方法。利用Beacher模型结合裂隙几何参数分布概型模拟岩体裂隙的空间分布,并基于裂隙截面面积相等,在裂隙网络中简化面状渗流为管道流,构建出裂隙网络渗流空间图。同时利用拓扑关系求解实际工况中岩体裂隙网络渗流空间的水头分布区域,通过不同水位下的渗流差异区域来推测发生岩体劣化的空间,基于理论分析和数值模拟得出存在水力差异的区域和新增的渗流区域两种情况合集即为岩体劣化区域。这一预测方法将对量化三峡库区岩体劣化空间强度及岸坡稳定性有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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离散裂隙渗流方法与裂隙化渗透介质建模 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
流体渗流模拟的连续介质方法通常适用于多孔地质体，并不一定适用于裂隙岩体，由于裂隙分布及其特征与孔隙差异较大。若流体渗流主要受裂隙的控制，对于一定尺寸的裂隙岩体，多孔介质假设则较难刻划裂隙岩体的渗流特征。离散裂隙渗流方法不但可直接用于模拟裂隙岩体非均质性和各向异性等渗流特征，而且可用其确定所研究的裂隙岩体典型单元体及其水力传导（渗透）张量大小。主要讨论了以下问题：（1）饱和裂隙介质中一般的离散流体渗流模拟；（2）裂隙岩体中的REV（典型单元体）及其水力传导（渗透）张量的确定；（3）利用离散裂隙网络流体渗流模型研究裂隙方向几何参数对水力传导系数和REV的影响；（4）在二维和三维离散裂隙流体渗流模型中对区域大裂隙和局部小裂隙的处理方法。调查结果显示离散裂隙流体渗流数学模型可用来评价不同尺度上的裂隙岩体的水力特征，以及裂隙方向对裂隙化岩体的水力特征有着不可忽视的影响。同时，局部小裂隙、区域大裂隙应当区别对待，以便据其所起的作用及水力特征，建立裂隙化岩体相应的流体渗流模型。 相似文献
3.
页岩作为典型的非常规储层,基质孔隙小,渗透率极低,水平井多级水力压裂为其商业开发的主要手段。准确模拟页岩气产能,应同时考虑水力裂隙和天然裂隙的渗流。基于离散裂隙模型和等效连续模型建立页岩气渗流数学模型,利用有限元分析方法进行数值求解,研究不同走向裂隙组对页岩气井产能的影响。研究认为,页岩基质为气体的生产提供了主要气源,天然裂隙作为渗流的主要通道,将气体输送到水力裂缝,进而到达井筒。模拟结果表征,离散裂隙的渗流特征对于页岩气井的产能有重要影响。根据页岩储层的天然裂隙走向,可以优化相应的水平井方位。对于二维离散裂隙网络模型,水平井沿着2个裂隙组夹角的平分线更有利于生产。 相似文献
4.
等效水力隙宽和水力梯度对岩体裂隙网络非线性渗流特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
等效水力隙宽和水力梯度是影响岩体裂隙网络渗流特性的重要因素。制作裂隙网络试验模型,建立高精度渗流试验系统;求解纳维-斯托克斯方程,模拟流体在裂隙网络内的流动状态,研究等效水力隙宽和水力梯度对非线性渗流特性的影响。结果表明,当水力梯度较小时,等效渗透系数保持恒定的常数,流体流动属于达西流动区域,流量与压力具有线性关系,可采用立方定律计算流体流动;当水力梯度较大时,等效渗透系数随着水力梯度的增加而急剧减少,流体流动进入强惯性效应流动区域,流量与压力具有强烈的非线性关系,可采用Forchheimer方程计算流体流动。随着等效水力隙宽的增加,区别线性和非线性流动区域的临界水力梯度呈幂函数关系递减。当水力梯度小于临界水力梯度时,控制方程可选立方定律;当水力梯度大于临界水力梯度时,控制方程可选Forchheimer方程,其参数A和B可根据经验公式计算得到。其研究结果可为临界水力梯度的确定及流体流动控制方程的选取提供借鉴意义。 相似文献
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含裂隙土体在降雨条件下的渗流规律相对比较复杂,为进一步讨论含裂隙土体渗流机制,在一维解析解的基础上,建立二维饱和-非饱和含裂隙土渗流解析模型,并通过Fourier积分变化推导出二维渗流控制方程的显式解析解。此解析解考虑了多裂隙情况下的孔隙水压力分布和流量边界条件。二维解析解能够准确地获得渗流和变形耦合非饱和土中水的入渗影响规律,并进一步讨论了降雨条件下,不同裂隙模式(裂隙深度、裂隙发育位置及裂隙密集程度)对坡体渗流的影响规律,探讨了含裂隙区域的孔隙水压力分布规律。 相似文献
6.
《岩土力学》2016,(1):219-228
岩体裂隙粗糙度和流体惯性效应是影响岩体裂隙网络等效渗透性的重要因素。首先回顾了单裂隙中裂隙粗糙度和流体惯性效应对其过流能力的影响;然后基于逆Broyden秩1拟牛顿迭代法求解控制裂隙内流体流动的非线性方程组,研究岩体裂隙粗糙度和流体惯性效应对离散裂隙网络(DFN)等效渗透性的影响;最后,基于两种不同边界条件,对离散裂隙网络模型内流体的流动特性进行了探讨。结果表明,当水力梯度较小(0.5)时,裂隙粗糙度和流体惯性效应对离散裂隙网络渗透性的影响很小;当水力梯度较大(0.5)时,裂隙粗糙度和流体惯性效应对离散裂隙网络渗透性的影响随水力梯度的变化而显著变化;在两种边界条件下,当水力梯度在0.1~10.0之间时,裂隙粗糙度和流体惯性效应对离散裂隙网络过流能力的最大影响分别为18.1%和27.5%。所以,当水力梯度较大时,需要在离散裂隙网络模型的渗流计算中考虑裂隙粗糙度和流体惯性效应的影响。 相似文献
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《岩土力学》2017,(11):3332-3340
针对裂隙岩体的非饱和渗流问题,基于离散裂隙网络模型并结合非饱和Darcy定律、Richards方程、非饱和本构模型以及Signorini型饱和-非饱和互补溢出边界,提出了离散裂隙网络非饱和渗流问题的数学模型。采用有限单元法建立了裂隙网络非饱和渗流模型的数值求解格式和对应的迭代算法。通过与矩形坝稳定渗流、一维竖直裂隙非饱和入渗以及室内二维瞬态排水渗流的试验、数值及理论结果对比分析,验证了文中算法的有效性;根据流量等效原则,指出了裂隙网络模型应用于求解连续介质非饱和渗流问题的有效性。验证了该算法对于求解裂隙边坡降雨入渗问题的可靠性,揭示了降雨入渗过程裂隙网络流量分布的非均匀性及裂隙产状对降雨入渗流动具有重要的控制作用。 相似文献
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裂隙渗流会引起裂隙周围岩体中的温度场变化,在低温岩体中其影响更为明显;此外,裂隙水与周围低温岩石介质发生热交换会引起裂隙中的水冰相变过程发生,而裂隙水冻结将阻碍裂隙渗流,引起裂隙渗流场的变化。因此,低温下的裂隙岩体水-热相互作用是一个强耦合过程。考虑裂隙中的水冰相变过程和渗流作用,建立了低温冻结条件下裂隙岩体水-热耦合模型;以冻结法施工为例,考察了低温冻结过程中裂隙水渗流对裂隙冻结交圈的影响。研究结果表明：由于裂隙渗流的存在,距裂隙较远处岩石先冻结,裂隙冻结所需时间远大于周围岩石;裂隙宽度和裂隙水压力差都会影响冻结交圈时间,裂隙越宽、水压力差越大,裂隙冻结需要时间越长;随着冻结时间的推进,裂隙水渗流速度逐渐降低,当裂隙冻结后裂隙渗流停止。最后通过构建随机裂隙网络模型,利用所建立的水-热耦合模型考察了裂隙网络渗流对冻结交圈的影响,说明了在冻结法施工中考虑裂隙的重要性。 相似文献
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考虑岩体裂隙渗流变水温影响,推导单裂隙变水温水流近似解析解和有限元解,在此基础上分别建立裂隙二维网络变水温渗流数值求解方程,分别对应裂隙网络变水温渗流分析的近似解析法和子结构法。分析变温水流运动规律发现：（1）单裂隙内水流水头与水力坡降成非线性关系,当水流由高温区向低温区流动时,水头分布曲线为凸曲线,此时按线性渗流简化水头整体偏小;当由低温区向高温区流动时,水头分布曲线为凹曲线,此时按线性渗流简化水头整体偏大。（2）单裂隙内,高水温处水力坡降小,低水温处水力坡降大;裂隙平均水温越高,流速越快;裂隙网络内存在与裂隙宽度相似的温度偏流效应,即交叉节点水流有偏向水流温度高的裂隙流动的趋势。在温度较高和温度梯度较大的区域,应该考虑水流温度变化对渗流场的影响。 相似文献
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基于人工交叉裂隙模型,通过室内透水试验,利用电荷耦合元件（CCD）照相机可视化技术,对流体在裂隙交叉点内的非线性流动特性进行研究。建立两种离散裂隙网络（DFN）模型,考虑两种边界条件,改变模型进口和出口之间的压力,直接求解Navier-Stokes（简称N-S）方程,对DFN的非线性渗流特性进行研究。结果表明,室内试验可以观测到与出口3相连的裂隙单元内发生了明显的非线性流动,且通过模型的流量Q和模型两端的压力P具有非线性关系。数值计算结果也表明,在水力梯度J较大时（比如J > 0.1）,通过DFN的Q和P具有非线性关系,而当J较小时（比如J < 10-4）,Q与P线性相关;根据文中的算例,建议利用局部立方定律求解DFN内每条裂隙的渗流特性的临界条件为J ≤10-4;裂隙表面粗糙会造成通过DFN渗流量的降低,但对相对流量误差的影响可忽略不计。 相似文献
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节理岩体几何结构非常复杂,研究其渗流特性对于指导含水岩层稳定性分析具有重要价值。应用离散裂隙网络模型DFN方法,基于VC++6.0软件平台,建立了平面渗流分析方法,分析了节理岩体不同几何分布情况下的渗透率张量特征,通过定义渗流定向性系数对岩体渗流的定向性特征进行了定量分析。结果表明：单组节理岩体渗流具有明显的各向异性特征,渗流定向性随着节理角度变化显著;节理随着节理贯通性增加,节理渗透率呈现对数增加趋势;两组节理情况下,各向异性特征随着节理组间夹角变化;两组节理岩体渗流特征研究中,正交分布下,岩体仍存在各向异性,但渗流定向性系数较低;当节理倾角服从正态分布时,随着节理倾角标准差增大,渗透率增加;两组节理夹角不同时,节理渗透主方向倾角随着夹角增大而相应增大,基本沿两组节理夹角方向的角平分线方向。 相似文献
12.
Estimating the hydraulic properties of fractured aquifers is challenging due to the complexity of structural discontinuities that can generally be measured at a small scale, either in core or in outcrop, but influence groundwater flow over a range of scales. This modeling study uses fracture scanline data obtained from surface bedrock exposures to derive estimates of permeability that can be used to represent the fractured rock matrix within regional scale flow models. The model is developed using PETREL, which traditionally benefits from high resolution data sets obtained during oil and gas exploration, including for example seismic data, and borehole logging data (both lithological and geophysical). The technique consists of interpreting scanline fracture data, and using these data to generate representative Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) models for each field set. The DFN models are then upscaled to provide an effective hydraulic conductivity tensor that represents the fractured rock matrix. For each field site, the upscaled hydraulic conductivities are compared with estimates derived from pumping tests to validate the model. A hydraulic conductivity field is generated for the study region that captures the spatial variability of fracture networks in pseudo-three dimensions from scanline data. Hydraulic conductivities estimated using this approach compare well with those estimated from pumping test data. The study results suggest that such an approach may be feasible for taking small scale fracture data and upscaling these to represent the aquifer matrix hydraulic properties needed for regional groundwater modeling. 相似文献
13.
A virtual multidimensional internal bond (VMIB) model developed to simulate the propagation of hydraulic fractures using the finite‐element method is formulated within the framework of the virtual internal bond theory (VIB) that considers a solid as randomized material particles in the micro scale, and derives the macro constitutive relation from the cohesive law between the material particles with an implicit fracture criterion. Hydraulic pressure is applied using a new scheme that enables simulation of hydraulically driven cracks. When the model is applied to study hydraulic fracture propagation in the presence of a natural fracture, the results show the method to be very effective. It shows that although the in situ stress ratio is the dominant factor governing the propagation direction, a natural fault can also strongly influence the hydraulic fracture behavior. This influence is conditioned by the shear stiffness of the fault and the distance to the original hydraulic fracture. The model results show that when the fault is strong in shear, its impact on hydraulic fracture trajectory is weak and the hydraulic fracture will likely penetrate the fault. For a weak fault, however, the fracture tends to be arrested at the natural fault. The distance between the fault and the hydraulic fracture is also important; the fault influence increases with decreasing distance. The VMIB does not require selection of a fracture criterion and remeshing when the fracture propagates. Therefore, it is advantageous for modeling fracture initiation and propagation in naturally fractured rock. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Estimating regional-scale fractured bedrock hydraulic conductivity using discrete fracture network (DFN) modeling 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Estimating bedrock hydraulic conductivity of regional fractured aquifers is challenging due to a lack of aquifer testing data and the presence of small and large-scale heterogeneity. This study provides a novel approach for estimating the bedrock hydraulic conductivity of a regional-scale fractured bedrock aquifer using discrete fracture network (DFN) modeling. The methodology is tested in the mountainous Okanagan Basin, British Columbia, Canada. Discrete fractures were mapped in outcrops, and larger-scale fracture zones (corresponding to lineaments) were mapped from orthophotos and LANDSAT imagery. Outcrop fracture data were used to generate DFN models for estimating hydraulic conductivity for the fractured matrix (K m). The mountain block hydraulic conductivity (K mb) was estimated using larger-scale DFN models. Lineament properties were estimated by best fit parameters for a simulated pumping test influenced by a fracture zone. Unknown dip angles and directions for lineaments were estimated from the small-scale fracture sets. Simulated K m and K mb values range from 10–8 to 10–7?m/s and are greatest in a N–S direction, coinciding with the main strike direction of Okanagan Valley Fault Zone. K mb values also decrease away from the fault, consistent with the decrease in lineament density. Simulated hydraulic conductivity values compare well with those estimated from pumping tests. 相似文献
16.
Sven Follin Lee Hartley Ingvar Rhén Peter Jackson Steven Joyce David Roberts Ben Swift 《Hydrogeology Journal》2014,22(2):313-331
The large-scale geological structure of the crystalline rock at the proposed high-level nuclear waste repository site at Forsmark, Sweden, has been classified in terms of deformation zones of elevated fracture frequency. The rock between deformation zones was divided into fracture domains according to fracture frequency. A methodology to constrain the geometric and hydraulic parameters that define a discrete fracture network (DFN) model for each fracture domain is presented. The methodology is based on flow logging and down-hole imaging in cored boreholes in combination with DFN realizations, fracture connectivity analysis and pumping test simulations. The simulations suggest that a good match could be obtained for a power law size distribution where the value of the location parameter equals the borehole radius but with different values for the shape parameter, depending on fracture domain and fracture set. Fractures around 10–100 m in size are the ones that typically form the connected network, giving inflows in the simulations. The report also addresses the issue of up-scaling of DFN properties to equivalent continuous porous medium (ECPM) bulk flow properties. Comparisons with double-packer injection tests provide confidence that the derived DFN formulation of detailed flows within individual fractures is also suited to simulating mean bulk flow properties and their spatial variability. 相似文献
17.
Groundwater flow in fractured rocks is modeled using a coupled model based on the domain decomposition method. In the model, the fractured porous medium is divided into two non-overlapping sub-domains. One is the rock matrix, in which the medium is described using a continuum model. The other consists of deep fractures and fissure zones, where the medium is described using a discrete fracture network (DFN) model. The two models are coupled through the continuity of the hydraulic heads and fluxes on the common boundaries. The coupled model is used to simulate groundwater flow in a hydropower station. The results show that the model simulates groundwater levels that are in agreement with the measured groundwater levels. Furthermore, the model’s parameters relating to deep fractures and fissure zones are verified by comparing three different models (the continuum model, coupled model, and DFN model). The results show that the coupled model can capture and duplicate the hydrogeological conditions in the study domain, whereas the continuum model overestimates and the DFN model underestimates the measured hydraulic heads. A sensitivity analysis shows that fracture aperture has a considerable effect on the groundwater level. So, when the fracture aperture is large, the coupled model or DFN model is more appropriate than the continuum model in the fracture domain. 相似文献
18.
水力压裂作为煤层强化增透技术的一种,其应力演化特征及裂隙形态与扩展范围的判断尤为重要。采用离散元数值方法,以导向压裂为背景,建立水力压裂流固耦合模型;通过应力路径、裂纹热点图等手段,探究水力压裂过程中压裂排量、泊松比、天然裂隙密度对应力演化和裂隙演化的影响及其细观规律。结果表明:不同压裂排量下的应力演化方向及最终应力路径曲线形状有着明显的不同,低排量下裂隙附近的应力比值逐渐增大,而在高排量下先增大后减小;煤层泊松比越大,平均压裂半径越低,但对起裂时间及裂隙的扩展形态影响不明显;天然裂隙的发育情况对水力裂隙的扩展起着关键性作用,高裂隙发育煤层水力裂隙扩展的方向性无法预测,应力演化方向会出现反转现象;压裂过程中不同区域的应力演化特征能够反映出裂隙的扩展状态,现场可通过监测压裂区域附近应力变化,判断水力压裂缝网的扩展范围。 相似文献
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The representation of the surface of a rock fracture and a numerical method to simulate fluid flow in single fractures are the keys to understanding the hydraulic behaviour of rock fractures. In this paper, a cellular automaton (CA) approach is used to generate the single fracture structure, which is assumed to be composed of contacts and voids. We develop a CA evolution rule to produce a contact area, and randomly model a single rock fracture with different contact ratios to reflect natural fracture properties such as dead voids, islands and tortuous flow path. Then, based on the localisation theory of a CA, a numerical method to simulate fluid flow in single fractures with contacts is developed. In this method, the fracture is discretised into a system composed of cell elements. Different apertures, i.e., zero for contacts and non-zero for voids, are assigned to each cell element. Therefore, the contribution of the cell elements in a contact on a cell’s transmissivity can be ignored completely. The local transmissivity is assumed to conform to the cubic law. The fluid flow in a fracture with different contact situations is then modelled using the method established in this paper. The fluid flow path, flow velocity and fluid head distributions as well as the channel flow in the fracture are well-modelled. The flow behaviour of the fracture strongly depends on the effective fluid flow path. 相似文献