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为深入认识滨海盐田功能,研究梳理了国内外滨海盐田价值的相关研究进展。广泛总结认为:盐田的经济价值包括原盐生产、苦卤化工(钾镁盐等的提取)、水产养殖饵料生产(卤虫成虫及卤虫卵)、生物技术提取β-胡萝卜素等方面,盐田生态系统的维持促进了原盐的顺利结晶;盐田的生态价值则主要体现在为海岸鸟类提供栖息地,例如觅食、筑巢繁殖以及休憩等。本研究有益于未来深入研究盐田功能以及更好地保护滨海盐田。 相似文献
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海滨日晒盐田具有稳定且独特的生态系统。淡化浓海水排入盐田制盐,对盐田生态系统的稳定及盐田的可持续发展具有一定的影响。本研究分析天津汉沽淡化浓海水日晒盐田不同季节不同盐度盐池原核微生物多样性现状及群落结构变化,以期为评估淡化浓海水对盐田原核微生物群落影响提供理论依据。采用温度梯度凝胶电泳和序列测定等方法,分析不同月份不同盐度盐池中细菌和古菌的多样性与群落结构变化。分别采用香农-威纳指数、加权丰富度指数和均匀度指数分析盐田微生物群落多样性、丰富度和均匀度。结果表明,淡化浓海水和溴后水中均未检测出细菌和古菌。不同月份不同盐度盐池样本中细菌多样性变化不大,优势菌主要为γ-变形菌门(γ-Proteobacteria)中的Spiribacter salinus和Pseudoalteromonassp.;古菌仅出现在盐度最高的Ⅶ号盐池中,优势古菌为广古菌门(Euryarchaeota)的Halogeometricum sp.。天津汉沽淡化浓海水日晒盐田中细菌的多样性和丰富度较低,春夏两季细菌群落结构较为稳定,秋冬季节细菌群落结构变化明显。盐度不同的盐池中细菌群落结构变化较大,随着盐度逐渐升高, Spiribacter salinus逐渐取代Pseudoalteromonas sp.成为占主要地位的优势菌种。 相似文献
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以几何精校正后的1992年和2012年遥感(RS)影像为数据源,对渤海湾沿岸近20年海域开发活动进行了分类统计,并参照现有生态系统服务价值当量研究成果,对该海域生态系统服务价值变化进行了估算和分析。结果表明,近20年来对渤海湾沿岸的高强度开发导致海岸带生态系统服务价值损失较大,约为43.79亿元/年,其中,建设用地、裸露地、盐田和废物处置用地占用原来开阔环境水域和滩涂导致单位面积生态系统服务价值损失最大,损失的价值总量分别为40.63亿元/年、12.45亿元/年、1.23亿元/年和0.17亿元/年;天津市沿岸海域的生态系统服务价值损失了18.12亿元/年,占研究区域生态系统服务价值总损失量的41.38%。 相似文献
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江苏赣榆县利用荒废盐田养殖青蛤获得高产量、高效益,闯出一条盐田低投入高效益综合开发新路。 赣榆沿海有3万亩盐田,近几年由于盐业进一步放开,竞争激烈,市场滞销,造成半数以上盐田闲置荒废。为了开发盐田资源,开拓新的创效之路,1997年该县将盐田养殖青蛤列 相似文献
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以营口市南部海岸为例,采用高空间分辨率卫星遥感影像建立了沿海盐田各组成部分的影像特征和面向对象的盐田空间格局卫星遥感影像信息提取技术流程,分析了沿海盐田空间格局特征及其变化.结果表明:面向对象的高空间分辨率卫星遥感影像信息技术可以详细地将沿海盐田空间格局划分为纳潮池、蒸发池、初级制卤池、中级制卤池、高级制卤池、结晶池和储盐池,以及养殖池、建设地、草地、坑塘湿地等非盐田类型.我国北方区域盐田空间格局组成的纳潮池、蒸发池、制卤池、结晶池、储盐池的面积基本比例为15∶45∶26∶4∶1.大规模的人类开发导致营口市南部海岸盐田空间格局变化显著,纳潮池和蒸发池等盐田组成池塘类型面积收缩强度分别为13.67、8.08,而草地、建设地等非盐田类型面积收缩强度分别为-10.27、-25.41. 相似文献
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江苏省赣榆县今年以来认真实施“再度开发工程”,大规模改造抛荒盐田进行虾贝混养,探索出一条盐田综合利用新途径。中国科学院海洋研究所著名教授周百成参观后,对此高度赞赏。 相似文献
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The mixing behaviour of iron, manganese, phosphate and humic acid in a Delaware salt marsh creek was studied using field data, laboratory mixing experiments, and geochemical mass balance equations. Property-salinity diagrams for field data indicated that the removal of iron is 56–70% in the 0–10‰ salinity range. A proposed mechanism of removal is the flocculation of colloidal iron, perhaps with humic acid. Phosphate, however, undergoes 195% addition in the same low salinity region, which may be due to release of phosphate from resuspended sediments. Dissolved manganese is conserved, as is humic acid throughout the salt marsh mixing zone. Within the uncertainty of the data the maximum possible removal of humic acid is 23%.Laboratory mixing experiments that simulated salt marsh mixing along the same salinity gradient as observed in the field (5–25‰) showed only small-scale additions and removals compared to the field results. Such small-scale changes occurred largely at salinities >10‰ in the laboratory experiments, whereas most removals and additions occurred at salinities <10‰ in the field. Mixing studies also showed little difference between prefiltered and unfiltered mixes. The studies suggest that simple mixing of salt marsh waters, with or without suspended material, does not strongly influence the observed behaviour of dissolved constituents in salt marshes, and that other processes (e.g. sediment or intertidal exchange) must dominate their behaviour. 相似文献
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下刚果—刚果扇盆地油气资源丰富、油气成藏条件优越。但由于受到盐岩的活动及区域构造应力场的作用,形成了复杂的断裂系统。此文系统分析了下刚果—刚果扇盆地的断裂特征及其对油气成藏的影响,研究认为该区平面上主要发育5个断裂带,纵向上主要发育上下两套断裂系统。断裂的形成和演化可分为三个期次,相对应可将断层分为三个级别的断层。断层的形成机制主要有盐活动及盐构造、重力滑脱作用以及古地貌格局。烃源岩的排烃时间与第三期断层活动时间相匹配,非常有利于油气沿断层进行垂向和斜侧向运移。分析认为研究区主要发育沿断阶带—碳酸盐岩运聚成藏模式、沿断层垂向运聚成藏模式以及沿盐下砂体—盐窗和Focus点运聚成藏模式共三种成藏模式。断层封堵较好,油源断层高度决定了油气运移高度和油气田规模,直接控制着油气的分布层系及规模。研究成果可指导研究区或类似地区的油气勘探。 相似文献
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潮间带小型底栖生物生态学研究的某些进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
论述潮间带小型底栖生物国际研究的某些研究热点及最新动态,并对河口、盐沼、红树林、沙滩等不同潮间带生境的小型底栖生物的研究进行了概述,总结了我国潮间带小型底栖生物的研究现状,并根据我国目前研究的状况提出了未来主要应对策略与重点研究方向。 相似文献
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Between April 2002 and April 2003, in situ measurements of water depth, current velocity and suspended sediment content were carried out in edge region of East Chongming salt marsh and neighboring bald flat in the Changjiang (Yangtze) Estuary under different weather conditions. Cross-shore suspended sediment flux was calculated and analyzed. The results show that under calm weather conditions, the current velocity process in bald field and salt marsh area varied differently during semidiurnal tidal cycles. Owing to current velocity asymmetry, mean SSC during flood tide phase was 1.8 times higher than that of ebb tide phase. As a result, net onshore sediment flux controlled cross-shore suspended sediment transport process and salt marsh pioneer zone was generally accreting. There was significant positive correlation between total sediment flux and quartic power of maximum water depth. It indicates that tidal ranges dominate suspended sediment transport and sedimentation process in the salt marsh pioneer zone under the calm weather condition. The sedimentation rate on the adjacent mudflat was higher than the salt marsh, which induced stable accreting of salt marsh towards the sea. The wind events enhanced SSC and current velocity during the semidiurnal tides. And the remarkable onshore net sediment flux could occur on the high marsh and mudflat close to the marsh fringe during the short period under the rough weather condition. 相似文献
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Soufiane Haddout 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2020,38(4):417-422
AbstractPrediction of salt intrusion length in estuaries is a challenge for managers as well as scientists in this field. Several numerical and empirical models have been developed for the prediction of salt intrusion length in recent decades. However, all these models require large data set on estuary geometry, tide, stratification turbulence which demands experimental cost and time, and which is not always available as in our case. Thus, for reducing the complexity of analysis, a new simple equation was derived to predict the salinity intrusion length using nonlinear multivariable regression in the Bouregreg estuary, Morocco. The equation relates salt intrusion length with freshwater discharge and tidal range using a power law. The salt intrusion length predicted by the developed equation was in good agreement (R2 = 0.72) with that obtained using a numerical salinity transport model (HEC-RAS software “Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System”). This simple formula is completely transparent and practical for Bouregreg estuary, allowing direct assessment of the parameters on the salt intrusion. Therefore, the proposed model can either be used to predict the salt intrusion for a given freshwater discharge and tidal range, or can used as a tool to design the minimum daily discharge to regulate the salt intrusion into the estuary, thereby providing assistance for management plans. 相似文献
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The diffusive boundary layer （DBL） is the zone for matter exchange between surface water and aquatic sediments. To elucidate the influence of DBL on salt release from saline sediments to freshwater, two experiments with or without wind blowing were conducted. According to the experiments, a 3.5 cm DBL is formed above the smoothed sediments at a steady wind field and this thickness is greater than other studies. The observed flux of salt through the DBL is 6% larger than the calculated value from Fick＇ s first law. The results indicate that molecular diffusion is the dominant mechanism for salt transport through the DBL. The presence of DBL suppresses the hydrodynamic enhancement for matter exchange between sediments and overlying water. Therefore, salts in the sediments of a polder reservoir may influence the water quality chronically. 相似文献
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全球范围内有植被定植的海岸带栖息地(红树林、盐沼和海草床)是巨大的沉积物有机碳碳库,同时也是自然生态系统中最密集的碳汇之一,在全球碳循环中发挥着重要作用。针对江苏盐城海岸盐沼湿地沉积物有机碳的研究,区域上的稀疏性和偏向性限制了其作为区域碳汇能力的可靠估计。本研究采用47个100 cm深沉积柱样的现场调查数据,探讨了江苏盐城海岸盐沼湿地沉积物有机碳含量、密度和储量特征。结果表明,0～100 cm深度沉积物有机碳平均含量和平均密度分别为1.68%和23.07 kg/m3,不同盐沼群落沉积物有机碳含量和密度存在一定的差异,其中有机碳平均含量大小排序依次为互花米草>芦苇>盐地碱蓬,有机碳密度排序为芦苇>互花米草>盐地碱蓬。总体而言,3种盐沼群落沉积物有机碳含量的垂向变化趋势与有机碳密度变化趋势具有一致性,芦苇和互花米草表聚性明显。沉积物有机碳含量与其理化性质有关,互花米草群落沉积物有机碳含量具有明显的粒度控制效应,而其他群落不显著。3种盐沼湿地类型0～100 cm深度沉积物总碳储量约为6195.27×103Mg C。研究成果揭... 相似文献
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1990年夏季,对青藏高原西北部无人区,进行了地理、地质、生物等方面的综合考察。现代含盐湖盆固相沉积的研究结果,发现了8种盐类矿物、4种泉华析出物,初步摸清了该区现代沉积与蒸发岩的矿物组合、湖盆演化现状,填补了本区含盐湖盆研究的空白。 相似文献
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滨海盐沼作为重要的湿地生态系统,有极大的社会、经济和生态价值。文章采用多源国产高空间分辨率卫星数据,结合野外现场调查,对广东和广西滨海盐沼开展遥感调查与分析。2019年年底,广东和广西滨海盐沼分布面积分别为1 258.00 hm2和1 450.36 hm2。广东14个沿海市除茂名市外均有滨海盐沼分布,珠海市、江门市、湛江市的分布面积分别为438.89 hm2、331.83 hm2和162.36 hm2,占广东滨海盐沼总面积的34.89%、26.38%和12.91%。广西3个沿海市均有滨海盐沼分布,北海市、防城港市和钦州市的分布面积分别为1 354.87 hm2、49.73 hm2和45.76 hm2,占广西滨海盐沼总面积的93.41%、3.43%和3.16%。广东和广西互花米草分布面积分别为327.96 hm2和1 312.02 hm2。广东海岸带互花米草主要分布在江门市、阳江市、湛江市和潮州市,分布面积分别为179.07 hm2、73.64 hm2、69.72 hm2和5.52 hm2。广东近5年海岸带互花米草面积较为稳定,没有大范围暴发式扩散。广西海岸带互花米草主要分布在北海市和钦州市,分布面积分别为1 309.04 hm2和2.98 hm2。广西海岸带互花米草面积比最早引种时增加了1 311.08 hm2。互花米草在广西北海东海岸、铁山港、廉州湾和大风江口不断扩张,廉州湾的互花米草仍处于种群扩散的暴发期,需加强对互花米草的监测和防控工作。 相似文献
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Darío R. Minkoff Mauricio Escapa Flix E. Ferramola Silvio D. Maraschín Jorge O. Pierini Gerardo M.E. Perillo Claudio Delrieux 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2006,69(3-4):403
The Bahía Blanca Estuary (38° 50′ S, and 62° 30′ W) presents salt marshes where interactions between the local flora (Sarcocornia perennis) and fauna (Chasmagnathus granulatus) generate some kind of salt pans that alter the normal water circulation and condition its flow and course towards tidal creeks. The crab–vegetation dynamics in the salt marsh presents variations that cannot be quantified in a reasonable period of time. The interaction between S. perennis plant and C. granulatus crab is based on simple laws, but its result is a complex biological mechanism that causes an erosive process on the salt marsh and favors the formation of tidal creeks. To study it, a Cellular Automata model is proposed, based on the laws deduced from the observation of these phenomena in the field, and then verified with measurable data within macroscale time units. Therefore, the objective of this article is to model how the interaction between C. granulatus and S. perennis modifies the landscape of the salt marsh and influences the path of tidal creeks. The model copies the basic laws that rule the problem based on purely biological factors.The Cellular Automata model proved capable of reproducing the effects of the interaction between plants and crabs in the salt marsh. A study of the water drainage of the basins showed that this interaction does indeed modify the development of tidal creeks. Model dynamics would likewise follow different laws, which would provide a different formula for the probability of patch dilation. The patch shape can be obtained changing the pattern that dilates. 相似文献