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1.
The paper discusses specifics of gas separation techniques by means of sample crushing in vacuum, and, in particular, the stepwise crushing method for studying the sources and evolution of the fluid phase of rocks and minerals. The data on the Seblyavr massif, Kola Peninsula, are employed to demonstrate that, if the age of the minerals is old enough and they contain elevated concentrations of parental elements (U, Th, and K), in situ produced noble gas components can strongly distort the composition of the initially entrapped gases and thus result in misinterpretations of the analytical data. The application of stepwise crushing technique, as well as an individualized approach to data interpretation for each of the samples, makes it possible to solve the problem. 相似文献
2.
将四极质谱、分子泵和超高真空流体包裹体击碎装置联机,利用冷阱与外置液氮去除部分水蒸气和杂气,建立分阶段提取不同世代流体包裹体并测定其气体成分的实验平台。以锡田钨锡多金属矿床中石英脉型钨锡矿矿石为研究对象,分阶段提取不同世代流体包裹体并测定其气体成分,对比分析矿石中共生石英–黑钨矿矿物对不同阶段释气成分、气体百分含量特征。研究表明初始阶段和后期阶段提取的流体成分一致,以N_2、CO_2和CH_4为主,含少量~(40)Ar、C_2H_6和~4He;但初始阶段N_2、CO_2和~(40)Ar气体浓度高于后期阶段,而CH_4、C_2H_6和~4He气体浓度低于后期阶段,指示初始阶段和后期阶段提取出不同期次的流体包裹体,即初始阶段提取的主要是次生包裹体,后期阶段提取的主要是原生包裹体,而中间阶段是两者的混合,表明四极质谱和超高真空流体包裹体提取装置联用能够实现分阶段提取不同世代流体包裹体且测定其气体成分。其中,次生包裹体富N_2、CO_2和~(40)Ar,而原生包裹体富CH_4、C_2H_6和~4He。 相似文献
3.
This paper illustrates opportunities provided by the method of stepwise crushing for the investigation of the fluid phase of geologic objects. Owing to the efficient separation of gases from fluid inclusions of different generations trapped during mineral growth and/or subsequent alteration (metasomatic and hydrothermal), stepwise crushing allows us to obtain the isotopic characteristics of end-members and, thus, reliably establish the source and evolution of fluids in magmatic and postmagmatic processes; this method provides clues to a better understanding of interaction of global reservoirs, such as the mantle, crust, and atmosphere. The importance of information obtained by this method is exemplified here by the results of the investigation of mantle rocks and minerals from various geologic environments (MORB, SCLM, and carbonated mantle). It was shown that the multi-isotope approach yields most comprehensive data on the genetic features and evolution of the fluid phase. The importance of combining isotope geochemical and microthermometric fluid inclusion data is demonstrated by the example of a mantle xenolith of garnet lherzolite from the Jetty Oasis. Together with the microthermometric investigation of fluid inclusions and developing laser techniques for opening of individual inclusions, the method of stepwise crushing provides a means for solving one of the most important practical problems—obtaining information on the geochemical features and physicochemical parameters of mineral-forming (and ore-forming) processes. 相似文献
4.
DIERK HENNINGSEN 《Sedimentology》1967,8(3):253-255
Few examples are given to demonstrate that crushing of hard sedimentary rocks practically does not break up the heavy minerals present in the rock. Also the ratios of the various minerals mostly are not changed. 相似文献
5.
Previously published data were analyzed on the isotopic systematics of noble gases extracted from samples using various methods.
By the example of four minerals from the rocks of the Kola Peninsula, it was shown that a comparison of the results provides
the most comprehensive and reliable information on the qualitative and quantitative composition of gases and allows discrimination
between fluid microinclusions of different origin (primary and secondary). 相似文献
6.
Grain-size distribution of subglacial till and its realtion to glacial scrushing and abrasion 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
SYLVI HALDORSEN 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》1981,10(1):91-105
A subglacial till formed from a sandstone bedrock has a variable grain-size distribution which reflects its variable genesis. Glacial comminution processes were simulated by artificial mill experiments with fragments of the sandstone bedrock. Pure crushing caused disintegration along mineral boundaries into separate minerals, most mineral grains retaining their primary size during the crushing process. Abrasion produced cracks across the minerals and resulted in silt-sized rock flour. The experiments indicate that most of the sand-sized till material formed as a result of crushing, while the silt is mainly the result of abrasion. The sand and silt are both regarded as components resistant to further glacial comminution, but are formed by different comminution processes. By considering also the coarser till material, the general principles of glacial breakdown of resistant rocks from boulders to sand or silt can be illustrated. A matrix index and an abrasion index based on the mill experiments distinguish well between genetically different subglacial till types 相似文献
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8.
E. N. Slyuta O. I. Yakovlev S. A. Voropaev A. V. Dubrovskii 《Geochemistry International》2013,51(12):959-967
Solar-wind erosion of rocks on the lunar surface and the implanting of solar-wind particles in minerals of lunar regolith are principally important processes of space weathering. The latter process leads to the accumulation of inert gases in mineral particles of lunar regolith. Literature data indicate that, depending on the composition and structure of the particles, the concentrations of implanted He in various minerals range within roughly three to four orders of magnitude. The lowest He implantation coefficient was determined in amorphous particles (glass), and very low implantation coefficients were also obtained in experiments on He implantation in glass (obsidian). 相似文献
9.
Two examined fragments of the Kaidun meteorite principally differ in the concentrations of isotopes of noble gases and are very heterogeneous in terms of the isotopic composition of the gases. Because these fragments belong to two basically different types of meteoritic material (EL and CR chondrites), these characteristics of noble gases could be caused by differences in the cosmochemical histories of the fragments before their incorporation into the parent asteroid. As follows from the escape kinetics of all gases, atoms of trapped and cosmogenic noble gases are contained mostly in the structures of two carrier minerals in the samples. The concentrations and proportions of the concentrations of various primary noble gases in the examined fragments of Kaidun are obviously unusual compared to data on most currently known EL and CR meteorites. In contrast to EL and CR meteorites, which contain the primary component of mostly solar provenance, the elemental ratios and isotopic composition of Ne and He in the fragments of Kaidun correspond to those typical of the primary components of A and Q planetary gases. This testifies to the unique conditions under which the bulk of the noble gases were trapped from the early protoplanetary nebula. The apparent cosmic-ray age of both of the Kaidun fragments calculated based on cosmogenic isotopes from 3He to 126Xe varies from 0.027 to 246 Ma as a result of the escape of much cosmogenic isotopes at relatively low temperatures. The extrapolated cosmic-ray age of the Kaidun meteorite, calculated from the concentrations of cosmogenic isotopes of noble gases, is as old as a few billion years, which suggests that the material of the Kaidun meteorite could be irradiated for billions of years when residing in an unusual parent body. 相似文献
10.
Yuri V. Dublyansky 《Central European Journal of Geosciences》2012,4(2):219-224
Two crushing cells have been described for the release of volatiles from fluid inclusions in minerals in vacuum, static gas, and gas-flow applications. To minimize the adsorption of released volatiles on the freshly created mineral surfaces, both devices employed heated crushing. In the MTSN (Museo Tridentine di Scienze Naturali) crusher, samples were disintegrated by a piston driven by an induction coil. For efficient crushing, the electromagnet operated in dynamic impulse mode. In the LFU (Leopold-Franzens-Universit?t) crusher, the sample was disintegrated through the combined action of compression (manually operated hydraulic ram) and attrition. Crushers are able to be used in off-line and on-line modes, in gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric analyses. 相似文献
11.
V. A. Nivin 《Geochemistry International》2009,47(7):672-691
The composition and concentrations of gases disseminated in rocks (and moving through them mainly via diffusion) and characteristics of their release from these rocks were studied in the Khibina and Lovozero massifs in the Kola Peninsula. Similar to fluid inclusions occluded in vacuoles in minerals and unlike local “jet” gas exhalations, diffusively disseminated gases (DDG) ubiquitously occur in the massifs in variable concentrations. Along with predominant methane and hydrogen, subordinate amounts of methane homologues, and helium, DDG most commonly contain carbon dioxide (in higher concentrations than gases in other modes of their occurrence). One of the most important factors controlling the spontaneous release character of diffusively disseminated gases and their proportions of individual components is the geomechanical state of the rocks. It is proved that the distributions of all modes of gas occurrence in the rocks are generally not interrelated, and hence, it is senseless to utilize the contents of occluded and forcibly extracted gases to predict hazardous gas emissions in mines during the development of mineral deposits related to nepheline syenite complexes. 相似文献
12.
Thomas J. Bernatowicz 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1981,76(1):84-91
This work reports the results of noble gas (Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) analyses of accidental mantle xenoliths from San Carlos, Arizona. Except for the addition of radiogenic 40Ar and mass fractionation effects, the isotopic structures of these gases are indistinguishable from atmospheric composition. The absence of 129Xe excesses in these rocks may reflect indirect mixing of atmospheric gases with the source region of the xenoliths. The dominant influence on the noble gas abundances in the San Carlos xenoliths appears to have been diffusive gas loss, which may have occurred in a mantle metamorphic event or during contact with the host basanite magma. Evidence is presented for the partitioning of significant amounts of the heavy noble gases into fluid inclusions in the xenolith minerals; the proportion of each gas in the inclusions increases with increasing atomic weight of the gas, possibly reflecting solubility effects. The noble gases are present in greater concentration in pyroxenes than in olivine, similar to the behavior of other incompatible elements. 相似文献
13.
同位素地质年代学的各种定年方法都有其特定的测定对象（矿物或全岩）和适用范围,致使许多金属矿床难以进行年龄测定.为解决此难题,建立了流体包裹体40Ar/39Ar定年方法,经过30年的探索发展和不断改进完善,已广泛应用于热液矿床、变质岩和石英脉的形成年龄测定,甚至成功应用于松辽盆地深层天然气成藏年龄研究.在详细介绍流体包裹体提取技术和气体纯化技术的基础上,着重总结我们团队运用流体包裹体40Ar/39Ar定年技术在热液矿床和天然气藏形成年龄研究方面取得的重要成果,以及气体混合线的概念及其年龄意义. 相似文献
14.
酸解烃是油气化探方法中准确度相对较高的一项指标,已得到广泛的应用,深入研究酸解气有助于对其机理的进一步解释,并且有利于开发新的分析指标。本文利用气相色谱法测定了油气化探样品经盐酸分解后所得气体中烃类组分与非烃气体组分的含量,发现了酸解气中甲烷与氢气的含量具有正相关性。进而通过X射线荧光光谱和X射线衍射分析样品的元素和矿物组成、样品再粉碎分析以及激光拉曼光谱分析包裹体成分等实验,获得以下结论:(1)酸解气中的甲烷和氢气含量与样品元素组成无关,与碳酸盐矿物正相关,其含量可以反映深部油气的情况;(2)两种气体并不是以物理吸附形式存在于样品中,而是存在于更小的空间内,证明了酸解烃分析方法具有相当高的稳定性;(3)获得了甲烷和氢气同时存在于包裹体的直接证据,由此推测这两种气体可能具有同源性。由于甲烷和氢气含量相关性的存在,酸解脱气中氢气的含量测定有望成为油气化探的新指标,应用于油气资源调查。 相似文献
15.
Carl H. Taylor Stephen E. Kesler Paul L. Cloke 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1982,17(3):165-185
We have evaluated the potential application of sulfur gas analysis to exploration for buried sulfide mineral deposits by: (1) calculating by use of equilibrium thermodynamics, the relative abundances of gases that should be given off by decomposing sulfide minerals; and (2) determining experimentally the abundances of gases that are actually given off. The calculations indicate that the gases that should be given off by decomposing sulfide minerals are (in order of decreasing abundance) H2S, COS, CS2, CH3SH, (CH3)2S2 or SO2 or S2 (depending on Eh and pH). In contrast, our experiments show that decomposing sulfide minerals evolve only CS2 and COS, in order of decreasing abundance. Pyrite produces the largest amounts of sulfur gas. Moist (rather than saturated) and non-sterile (rather than sterile) conditions enhance gas generation from pyrite, although no large difference appeared between sterile and non-sterile experiments for other sulfide minerals. These experiments indicate that the sulfur gases CS2 and COS could be useful indicators of buried metal sulfide deposits. 相似文献
16.
TANG Youjun WEN Zhigang 《中国地球化学学报》2007,26(3):325-328
The geochemical characteristics of natural gases discovered in the Bozhong Depression are systematically described in this paper. The natural gases are composed mainly of hydrocarbon gases. Natural gases occurring in the Paleogene and older reservoirs are wet gases, whereas those in the Neogene reservoirs are dry gases. Methane and ethane in the gases are significantly different in carbon isotopic composition. The methane carbon isotopic composition of the gases in structure BZ28-1 and the ethane carbon isotopic composition of the gases in structure QHD30-1 are characterized by the heaviest values, respectively. The natural gases are in the mature to highly mature stages. The hydrocarbon gases are of organic origin and can be classified as oil-type gases, coal-derived gases and mixed gases with the third one accounting for the major portion. 相似文献
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18.
研究了3种苏皖凹凸棒石粘土水悬浮液的流变性,讨论了矿物种类、粘土颗粒大小、NaCl浓度、pH值、电解质类型、分散剂添加量等影响因素对于凹凸棒石粘土水悬浮液流变性的影响,并用卡森模型对3种凹土流型曲线进行了拟合.结果表明,不同凹土中含有少量不同杂质对流变性能影响不大;经过挤压的土样粘度明显大于原矿粉碎的样品;粘土颗粒大小、溶液pH值、电解质类型、分散剂均会较大程度的影响凹土悬浮液的流变性能,其中分散剂的降粘效果最为明显;而NaCl的浓度增加对凹土悬浮液流变性影响则很小. 相似文献
19.
A.-Z.M. Abouzeid A.T. Negm D.A. Elgillani 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》2009,90(1-4):81-89
Sedimentary phosphates contain-besides the phosphate minerals-, various associated gangue minerals such as: clays, silica, calcareous minerals (mainly calcite and dolomite), carbonaceous matter, iron oxides and/or pyrite. The common practiced flow-sheets for concentrating these types of phosphate ores consist of a combination of various mineral processing units such as: crushing and screening, attrition, washing, magnetic separation, and/or flotation. However, none of these combinations was successfully efficient to upgrade the calcareous ores because of the close similarity of the physical properties (density, particle size, particle shape, etc.) as well as the surface physico-chemical properties of the carbonate and phosphate minerals. For the last five decades extensive efforts have been spent to adopt flotation for separating carbonates from phosphate ores. These efforts include thermodynamic analysis, modification of the technique, controlling the pulp environment, and finding new reagents that can specifically differentiate between carbonates and phosphates.This paper reviews some of the published work on the separation of carbonates from phosphate ores by flotation and presents the flotation results of phosphate ore samples different in their physical properties and mineralogical composition. The results obtained reflect the effect of ore nature on the flotation performance and the reagents consumption. 相似文献
20.
Carbonatites and related pyroxenites from the Seblyavr alkaline-ultramafic massif were analyzed for isotopic composition and concentrations of carbon (in carbon dioxide), nitrogen, and noble gases using the stepwise crushing technique. The C isotopic composition in crushing steps of calcite from the carbonatite varies from ?6.6 to ?15.0‰ (PDB) with average values from ?8.5 to ?10.5‰, which is lower than the mantle range for \(\delta ^{13} C_{(CO_2 )} \) (from ?3 to ?5‰) and can likely be explained by long-term isotopic exchange between the carbon of CO2 in inclusions and their host Ca carbonate. The 40Ar/36Ar ratios in the crushing extractions of the calcites vary from the atmospheric value of 296 to 3200. Diopside from the pyroxenite has these ratios as high as 26000–33000 (such high values for pyroxenite in the Kola alkaline-ultramafic province have been obtained for the first time), which corresponds to the values obtained for MORB chilled glasses. Nitrogen in the samples is isotopically heavy, δ15N from +1 to +2 on average, which is consistent with earlier data on carbonatite massifs in the Kola alkaline province (Dauphas and Marty, 1999) and carbonatites of the Guli Massif (Buikin et al., 2011). The N2 content in the crushing extractions is correlated with the 36Ar concentration, which is an indicator of atmospheric contamination and suggests the dominance of the crustal N component in the samples, likely as a result of subduction or penetration of the ancient meteoric water into the magma chamber or a metasomatic source. The variations in the isotopic and elemental composition of the gas components between crushing steps suggest that the investigated samples contain inclusions of at least two populations. 相似文献