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详细论述了三维精细构造解释的方法和流程.对层位标定、层位解释、断裂、速度解释及成图每个步骤的方法给以具体论述，重点分析了三维精细构造解释使用的关键技术如可视化技术、相干体技术、变速解释技术和真三维解释技术.本文可为从事三维精细构造解释的人员提供借鉴. 相似文献
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应用三维地震资料设计水平井的轨迹,用人工合成记录标定层位和岩性并进行精细的构造解释和储层横向预测,对测区速度场进行研究,利用Geoquest 人机联作解释系统编绘层拉平图、转弯测线剖面图,不整合面构造图,各套油层顶面构造图,沿地层倾向设计水平井的轨迹.经两口井钻探,钻遇不整合面的误差0.19%—0.39%,一口井平均钻遇油层204m,相当9口直井的效益.用地震资料设计巷道水平井的关键是油层标定、深度标定和确定油层走向,用人机联作系统绘制水平切片图、反射波振幅图、油层顶构造图,设计了在油层内钻探的巷道井.经钻探,钻遇不整合面的误差0.07%,在真厚度8.23m 的油层内钻进563m. 相似文献
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随着地质勘探工作的不断深入,对构造图的精度要求也越来越高.因此,对速度场建立和变速构造成图方法也提出了更高的要求.中国东部大港探区在时深转换及构造成图中所用的传统方法是利用统一的华北速度公式来进行的,由于工区内钻遇深层古生界地层的井较少,且分布很不均匀,所以利用华北地区的井资料综合出的统一的华北速度公式对整个华北地区进行时深转换及构造成图存在一定的误差,特别是在复杂构造地区,误差更大,已不能满足实际生产的需要.本文在对大港探区歧南斜坡区内每一口井都进行精细的层位标定基础上,分析了传统方法中影响时深转换和成图精度的主要因素,指出了传统方法中造成误差较大、准确性较低的原因.采用处理资料的叠加速度、测井速度和地震地质标定速度相结合的技术,在三维空间分析该区速度变化,编制平均速度平面图、立体显示图等,实现空间变速成图.有效地提高了复杂地区速度场和构造图的精度,在实际工作中取得了较好的效果,具有良好的推广应用前景. 相似文献
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随着冀东油田勘探开发进程的不断深入,在2006年南堡凹陷大连片地震处理的基础上开展微构造、薄互层、精细油藏描述等问题研究的目标攻关处理.依托高分辨率、高保真和高信噪比的新数据体,开展南堡奥陶系潜山的精细构造解释和储层预测研究,结合多种技术进行井震标定分析,确定各地质层位的地震反射特征,并在工区内测井信息的参考下进行横向追踪,落实主力含油层段构造.在构造解释的基础上综合利用相干技术、蚂蚁体追踪技术和地震相分类技术等对南堡奥陶系潜山储层进行预测,评价出可以优先施钻的6个构造圈闭. 相似文献
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精细地震构造解释在油田开发中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在油藏开发的高含水阶段,寻找剩余油分布,调整注采关系等是油藏进一步开发的核心问题.微幅度构造常常是剩余油的富集区域,而小断层的存在往往会影响注采关系.以往的地质分析都是基于已钻井的钻测资料,对于井间的微幅度构造以及小断层的分布情况无法进行预测,本文提出了井震联合精细构迨解释方法,即综合利用已钻井资料和高精度三维地震资料,采用精细层位标定,井震联合小层对比统层,井震联合建立高精度三维速度场,趋势面分析法和“蚂蚁算法”等方法,形成了油藏开发中的舞震联合精细构造解释的方法流程,该方法通过在实例中的应用能有效地寻找剩余油富集区和发现小断层,并且结果都得到了生产中动静态资料的验证,研究表明,井震联合精细构造解释可以有效预测井间的微幅度构造以及小断层的分布情况,对于油藏开发阶段寻找剩余油分布,调整注采关系具有重要的指导意义. 相似文献
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近年来,随着油田勘探开发的深入,规模小,构造幅度低的油气藏所占比例逐年上升,低幅度构造也逐渐受到重视.本文分析了低幅度构造的特点及地震反射特征,结合工区实际情况,提出了在地震资料解释阶段研究低幅度构造的流程和思路,总结了针对低幅度构造的主要识别方法:地震正演模拟、井控提高分辨率处理、层位精细解释、三维速度场分析、构造图倾角校正等.通过以上技术在Carmen油田三维工区识别了12个低幅度构造,结合地质、测井资料综合分析优选了两个钻探目标,取得了较好的勘探效果. 相似文献
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虽然煤田三维地震勘探已经过了十多年的发展，但构造解释问题仍是目前需要解决的主要问题之一.随着三维地震资料解释方法的不断发展，小波分析技术、相干体技术、地震属性技术、图像处理等提高解释精度的方法相继在地震勘探领域中得到应用.另一方面，由于煤矿采区三维地震勘探资料一般具有高信噪比和高分辨率的特点，为做好三维地震资料精细构造解释提供了物质基础.本文结合小波分析技术、相干体技术、地震属性技术等多种方法，结合两个采区的实例，对小断层和小规模陷落柱做了精细构造解释.解释结果显示联合使用以上几种解释技术，能提高三维地震资料的构造解释精度和可靠信. 相似文献
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多波多分量地震资料解释工作要开展好,确定PS波地震剖面上的地质层位是致关重要的内容之一.实际多波勘探工区中VSP资料常常不充足,甚至缺乏,此时借助PS波合成记录进行PS波层位标定是标定PS波层位的有效方法.为了在实际多波资料解释工作中确定好PS波地震剖面上的地质层位,对中心角度法、角道集叠加法、偏移距道集叠加法、递推法、波动方程正演及伪转换横波反射系数法6种PS波合成记录方法的原理进行了分析.依据研究区的实际地质情况建立了理论模型,对比了6种方法合成PS波记录的效果,表明各种方法合成的PS波记录的波组波系特征相似,只有少许同相轴有能量、波形差异.在实际PS波资料层位标定工作中对6种方法进行了应用研究,表明波动方程正演法、偏移距道集叠加法计算慢,不便于在层位标定工作中使用.递推法、伪转换横波反射系数法速度最快,但振幅近似精度略差.中心角度法、角道集叠加法计算速度和精度都较适应在PS波剖面层位标定工作中使用,并对研究区实际PS波资料进行了较好的标定.同时也提出了在PS波层位标定工作中发展PS波合成记录方法的一些建议,以期PS波井震资料能匹配得更好. 相似文献
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Fault and fracture interpretation is a fundamental but essential tool for subsurface structure mapping and modelling from 3D seismic data. The existing methods for semi-automatic/automatic fault picking are primarily based on seismic discontinuity analysis that evaluates the lateral changes in seismic waveform and/or amplitude, which is limited by its low resolution on subtle faults and fractures without apparent vertical displacements in seismic images. This study presents an innovative workflow for computer-aided fault/fracture interpretation based on seismic geometry analysis. First, the seismic curvature and flexure attributes are estimated for highlighting both the major faults and the subtle fractures in a seismic volume. Then, fault probability is estimated from the curvature and flexure volumes for differentiation between the potential faults and non-faulting features in the geometric attributes. Finally, the seeded fault picking is implemented for interpreting the target faults and fractures guided by the knowledge of interpreters to avoid misinterpretation and artefacts in the presence of faulting complexities as well as coherent seismic noises. Applications to two 3D seismic volumes from the Netherlands North Sea and the offshore New Zealand demonstrate the added values of the proposed method in imaging and picking the subtle faults and fractures that are often overlooked in the conventional seismic discontinuity analysis and the following fault-interpretation procedures. 相似文献
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A case history is presented where electromagnetic (EM) methods were applied as a complement to seismic, for structural mapping in basin-and-range-like geology: 366 five-component magnetotelluric (MT) soundings were carried out together with 331 transient soundings (TDEM) along seismic lines. Due to high structural complexity, seismic shows a number of limitations. For the same reasons, MT is highly perturbed and three specific interpretation techniques were comprehensively applied: 1. a classical correction of static effect using TDEM sounding, to determine the high-frequency nondistorted apparent resistivities and thus the corrected tensor; 2. a so-called regional correction based upon the same concept as the static effect, to transform distorted resistivity curves due to the horst/graben situation into plausible 1D curves, through the use of nomograms built for 2D H-polarization situations; 3. a stripping technique which made it possible to map areas where a deep conductive Mesozoic shale was present below carbonates, at a depth of 3 km. After the best MT interpretation was obtained along each line, it was integrated with seismic and with the results from two boreholes. A crude empirical law relating resistivity and acoustic velocity was established and the MT horizons were plotted on the two-way traveltime seismic sections. The final integrated cross-sections obtained are undoubtedly of greater use to the explorationist than the initial seismic sections alone and two wells were accurately predicted. 相似文献
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Due to the complicated geophysical character of tight gas sands in the Sulige gasfield of China, conventional surface seismic has faced great challenges in reservoir delineation. In order to improve this situation, a large‐scale 3D‐3C vertical seismic profiling (VSP) survey (more than 15 000 shots) was conducted simultaneously with 3D‐3C surface seismic data acquisition in this area in 2005. This paper presents a case study on the delineation of tight gas sands by use of multi‐component 3D VSP technology. Two imaging volumes (PP compressional wave; PSv converted wave) were generated with 3D‐3C VSP data processing. By comparison, the dominant frequencies of the 3D VSP images were 10–15 Hz higher than that of surface seismic images. Delineation of the tight gas sands is achieved by using the multi‐component information in the VSP data leading to reduce uncertainties in data interpretation. We performed a routine data interpretation on these images and developed a new attribute titled ‘Centroid Frequency Ratio of PSv and PP Waves’ for indication of the tight gas sands. The results demonstrated that the new attribute was sensitive to this type of reservoir. By combining geologic, drilling and log data, a comprehensive evaluation based on the 3D VSP data was conducted and a new well location for drilling was proposed. The major results in this paper tell us that successful application of 3D‐3C VSP technologies are only accomplished through a synthesis of many disciplines. We need detailed analysis to evaluate each step in planning, acquisition, processing and interpretation to achieve our objectives. High resolution, successful processing of multi‐component information, combination of PP and PSv volumes to extract useful attributes, receiver depth information and offset/ azimuth‐dependent anisotropy in the 3D VSP data are the major accomplishments derived from our attention to detail in the above steps. 相似文献
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The exploration for and exploitation of deep Lower Rotliegend gasfields onshore in North Germany often suffers from poor surface seismic imaging. This is owing to the depth of the reservoirs and a thick and complex Zechstein salt overburden. RWE Dea conducted a 3D vertical seismic profile (VSP) survey in a low‐performing production well after the borehole was plugged near total depth. Our main objective was to improve the seismic image of the reservoir zone in the vicinity of the well to determine a new landing point for a planned sidetrack. Because acquisition was in a densely populated and also partially environmentally protected area, there were surface restrictions concerning source deployment. Additionally, due to the complex geological setting, we conducted two 2D VSP field tests and thorough pre‐survey modelling to achieve the best results in terms of seismic imaging, environmental impact and reasonable cost. Deformation bands in the drill core suggest that the initial well was drilled close to a major fault, which was regarded as the main reason for the disappointing production rate. Therefore, we put special emphasis on fault detection in our processing and interpretation. Our interpretation approach used an enhanced structural mapping workflow that helped to design a sidetrack. When the sidetrack was drilled two years later, it ended up being one of the most productive wells in the field. 相似文献
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WeiYan Yang Zhanjun 《应用地球物理》2006,3(4):255-259
In some oilfields with 3D seismic data, the deeper structure cannot be observed due to poor quality deep seismic data. Layer stripping using both seismic and gravity data is a solution for this problem but it cannot get satisfactory results because the horizontal variations in formation density are ignored. We present a variable-density formation separation technique to address this problem. Based on 3D seismic depth data and laterallyvariable density derived from 3D seismic velocity data, the upper formation gravity effect is calculated by forward modeling and removed from the Bouguer gravity. The formation-separated gravity anomaly with variable density is obtained, which mainly reflects the deeper geological structure. In block XX of North Africa, the shallow formations seismic data is excellent but the data at the top of basement is poor. The formation-separated gravity anomaly processed under the control of 3D seismic data fits well with the known seismic interpretation and wells. It makes the geological interpretation more reliable. 相似文献
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J.H. Hake E.C.A. Gevers C.M. Van Der Kolk B.W. Tichelaar 《Geophysical Prospecting》1998,46(6):617-646
An experimental multicomponent three-dimensional (3D) seismic survey has been carried out over the Natih field in Oman. This paper describes the small-scale two-dimensional experiment carried out beforehand, and how the results obtained from this pilot were used to assess the feasibility of a nine-component three-dimensional (9C3D) operation as well as to determine the field parameters for the field-scale 3D survey. It also describes the two VSPs and a wireline shear log, acquired in conjunction with the pilot experiment, and the importance of such borehole data for establishing the correct time-to-depth relationship for the seismic data and for providing an independent check on the seismic interpretation. The observation of cusps in the offset VSP indicated the strong anisotropy of the Fiqa shales overlying the Natih reservoir. 相似文献
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在某些已经完成三维地震勘探工作的油气田区,因深层地震资料不好,深层构造难以得到解决。虽然结合地震资料与重力资料的重力剥皮技术得到开发和使用,但由于它没有考虑地层密度的横向变化,因此未能获得满意的处理效果。为了改善该类地区的重力勘探效果,本文提出了变密度剥层方法,它利用各地层的三维地震深度资料和三维地震层速度转换的具横向变化的密度资料,通过正演其重力效应,并从布格重力异常中去除,从而得到主要反映深部地质构造信息的变密度剥层重力异常。在北非某区块,除基底顶面外,各层地震资料良好,通过重力-地震联合变密度剥层处理得到的剥层重力异常,与已知地震和钻井资料吻合良好,为深部基底研究奠定了良好的基础。 相似文献
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Seismic noise attenuation is very important for seismic data analysis and interpretation, especially for 3D seismic data. In this paper, we propose a novel method for 3D seismic random noise attenuation by applying noncausal regularized nonstationary autoregression (NRNA) in f–x–y domain. The proposed method, 3D NRNA (f–x–y domain) is the extended version of 2D NRNA (f–x domain). f–x–y NRNA can adaptively estimate seismic events of which slopes vary in 3D space. The key idea of this paper is to consider that the central trace can be predicted by all around this trace from all directions in 3D seismic cube, while the 2D f–x NRNA just considers that the middle trace can be predicted by adjacent traces along one space direction. 3D f–x–y NRNA uses more information from circumjacent traces than 2D f–x NRNA to estimate signals. Shaping regularization technology guarantees that the nonstationary autoregression problem can be realizable in mathematics with high computational efficiency. Synthetic and field data examples demonstrate that, compared with f–x NRNA method, f–x–y NRNA can be more effective in suppressing random noise and improve trace-by-trace consistency, which are useful in conjunction with interactive interpretation and auto-picking tools such as automatic event tracking. 相似文献