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介绍了天津城郊污染区土壤Cd元素的赋存形态,探讨了Cd的赋存形态对蔬菜的影响。研究区土壤中Cd的污染程度高,以蔬菜种植为主,水溶态、离子交换态和碳酸盐态这几种容易(或在一定条件下容易)被作物吸收的Cd含量占65.2%;而有机态结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态和残渣态等难被作物吸收的Cd含量低,仅占23.3%。污染区大白菜、芹菜和油麦菜3种蔬菜中的Cd与土壤中Cd的全量、Cd的多种形态都呈较明显的正相关。油菜、芹菜和油麦菜样品存在超标现象。 相似文献
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武汉市湖泊汞污染现状研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
对武汉市远郊区、城乡结合部和市区三种环境中6个湖泊沉积物和鲢鱼肌肉中的汞污染特征进行了调查采样,采用原子荧光光谱仪进行了汞含量的测定.结果表明:与环境背景值相比,各湖泊沉积物均不同程度地遭受了汞污染,且汞污染表现出由市区向远郊呈减弱的趋势;在沉积柱垂直方向上,市区湖泊表层汞污染严重,向深层汞含量迅速降低,郊区湖泊沉积柱的汞含量基本上变化不大;沉积物中汞的赋存形态研究表明,汞在各湖泊中主要以惰性残渣态形式出现,反映了以飘尘和悬浮物颗粒形式输入为主的特点;湖泊鲢鱼肌肉中汞含量与沉积物中汞含量的变化规律一致,城区湖泊鲢鱼肌肉中的汞含量大大高于郊区湖泊,但鲢鱼肌肉中的汞含量尚未超出国家标准,属安全范围. 相似文献
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桂林市菜地土壤-蔬菜系统汞污染研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
对桂林市九片菜地土壤和蔬菜进行了系统取样,共取土样186个,菜样118个。菜样取样对象以桂林种植广泛,其生长和供应期均较长的老菜（薹菜）为主,兼采枸杞、大白菜、小白菜、芹菜、包菜、黄瓜、苦瓜和四季豆等。蔬菜与土壤对应取样。采用流动注射．冷原子吸收光谱法,研究土壤的不同粒级和植株的不同部分（根、茎、叶和果）中汞（Hg）的含量,并运用连续浸提方法对土壤中不同形态Hg含量进行分析。结果表明,桂林市菜地土壤、蔬菜中均存在一定的Hg污染,土壤Hg含量平均值为0．099～0．546nag／kg,为我国11种土壤Hg平均含量（0．071mg／kg）的1．39～7．68倍,根据GB15618-1995,多数片区土壤属于二级质量水平。蔬菜Hg含量平均值为0．046～0．132mg／kg,局部片区蔬菜已存在一定的Hg污染。土壤Hg和蔬菜Hg污染呈对称分布,总体上由市区→远离市区,Hg含量由高→低。不同蔬菜对Hg的富集特征不同,多年生蔬菜〉季节性蔬菜,叶菜类〉瓜果类。同一菜种的不同部位对Hg的富集能力也不相同,叶菜类植物Hg含量分布为：叶〉根〉茎;而瓜果类植物Hg含量分布为：根〉茎叶〉果。土壤№形态分析结果显示,残渣态〉腐殖酸络合态〉难氧化降解有机质结合态〉易氧化降解有机质结合态〉碳酸盐铁锰氧化物结合态〉水溶态〉交换态。土壤中直接被植物吸收利用的Hg量并不很高。但根Hg与腐殖酸结合态Hg相关性强,后者约占土壤Hg形态总量的五分之一,在适宜的条件下可释放出Hg为植物所吸收。土壤Hg的来源首先归因于下石炭统岩关组碳质页岩形成的本区土壤Hg的高背景,其次是城市化过程带来的Hg污染。土壤Hg是蔬菜Hg的重要来源,然而,大气Hg污染亦是蔬菜Hg污染的另一种重要来源。大气Hg污染的相对增加显然与燃煤、燃气和燃油Hg燃烧释放有关? 相似文献
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为分析工程性低温热解技术对土壤和底泥中总汞及形态汞变化的影响,采集T1区(化工污染类型)稻田土、河道底泥及T2区(矿山冶炼类型)稻田土进行处理,并对处理前后土样总汞及形态汞浓度进行测定。结果表明,低温工程性修复高浓度汞污染土壤和底泥中总汞去除率可达70%以上,T1区稻田土、底泥及T2区稻田土中有机结合态汞分别降低84.2%、71.4%、92.2%,残渣态汞分别降低58.9%、69.4%、95.2%;不同污染形式所形成的汞污染状况不同,相较于T2区,T1区有机结合态高、残渣态低;热解后土壤露天放置相比于密封存储,有机结合态增高4.1%,残渣态降低4.3%,由于受到生态环境的影响,可能存在残渣态向有机结合态转化的趋势。以潜在生态危害指数法对土壤和底泥中总汞及生物有效态汞进行生态风险评价发现,低温热解修复效果表现为稻田土优于底泥。 相似文献
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典型铜镍矿区周围环境介质中重金属及其化学形态分布特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
重金属污染是金属矿山开采和冶炼所引起的主要环境问题。对甘肃省典型矿业城市金昌市周围农田土壤、废渣堆表面风化物及降尘、尾矿坝尾矿砂和尾矿坝旁排污沟沉积物中Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn含量及其化学形态进行分析。结果表明:不同区域环境中重金属呈现不同程度累积,其中以Cu、Ni最为显著,含量由高到低依次为尾矿坝排污沟>尾矿坝>废渣堆>农田土壤;尾矿砂和沉积物中重金属分布以Ni含量显著高于Cu含量为特征;而农田土壤和风化物及降尘中重金属分布以Cu含量高于Ni含量为特征,前者Cu、Ni主要来源于尾矿,后者与冶炼烟尘排放有很大关系;样品中除Cr、Zn以残渣态为主外,Cu、Ni、Pb化学形态分布有较大差异,Cu以可氧化态和残渣态为主,Ni以可还原态为主,其次为弱酸提取态,Pb以可还原态为主,其次为残渣态。土壤理化性质是影响重金属化学形态分布的重要因素。 相似文献
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【研究目的】城市及其周边地区隐伏断层构造的探测对城市建设和经济发展具有重要影响而引起人们重点关注，根据城市的地质背景及人文条件要求，采用适宜的方法是对隐伏断层能否快速精确定位的关键，同时探测方法须具有经济快速、绿色环保及强抗干扰能力等特点。【研究方法】以广西桂林市临桂区为例，为快速精确定位被第四系覆盖的隐伏断层F1，依据该区的地质背景和地表景观特点，采用了可控源音频大地电磁测深法（CSAMT）、土壤汞气测量、氡气测量等物化探综合方法。【研究结果】经试验发现低电阻率异常与土壤汞气、氡气高值异常高度吻合，推测多方法异常重合的部位为隐伏断层的位置，而经钻探查证，揭露到了隐伏断层构造及丰富的地下水，为该区寻找与开发深部地下热水提供了依据。【结论】显然CSAMT、土壤汞气测量和氡气测量是实现桂林市及周边地区隐伏断层快速精确定位的技术组合，也为其他地区隐伏断层的探测工作提供了参考。创新点：采用地球物理、地球化学多方法在城市及周边开展隐伏断层快速探测，互相验证、最大限度减少人文干扰的影响；土壤汞气和氡气测量具有经济、快速的特点，对深部隐伏断裂构造反映明显。 相似文献
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桂林市环境问题及综合防治对策 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
桂林市存在的主要环境问题有岩溶塌陷、漓江水资源、酸雨、土壤汞污染、石漠化、滑坡、崩塌等。文章阐述了桂林市所存在的各种环境问题的特征、现状、危害、成因和影响因素,并提出了综合防治对策。 相似文献
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《China Geology》2021,4(2):311-328
In order to study the migration and transformation mechanism of Hg content and occurrence form in subsurface flow zone of gold mining area in Loess Plateau and its influence on water environment, the field in-situ infiltration test and laboratory test were carried out in three typical sections of river-side loess, alluvial and proluvial strata in Tongguan gold mining area of Shaanxi Province, and the following results were obtained: (1) The source of Hg in subsurface flow zone is mainly caused by mineral processing activities; (2) the subsurface flow zone in the study area is in alkaline environment, and the residual state, iron and manganese oxidation state, strong organic state and humic acid state of mercury in loess are equally divided in dry and oxidizing environment; mercury in river alluvial or diluvial strata is mainly concentrated in silt, tailings and clayey silt soil layer, and mercury has certain stability, and the form of mercury in loess is easier to transform than the other two media; (3) under the flooding condition, most of mercury is trapped in the silt layer in the undercurrent zone where the sand and silt layers alternate with each other and the river water and groundwater are disjointed, and the migration capacity of mercury is far less than that of loess layer and alluvial layer with close hydraulic connection; (4) infiltration at the flood level accelerates the migration of pollutants to the ground; (5) the soil in the undercurrent zone is overloaded and has seriously exceeded the standard. Although the groundwater monitoring results are safe this time, relevant enterprises or departments should continue to pay attention to improving the gold extraction process, especially vigorously rectify the small workshops for illegal gold extraction and the substandard discharge of the three wastes, and intensify efforts to solve the geological environmental problems of mines left over from history. At present, the occurrence form of mercury in the undercurrent zone is relatively stable, but the water and soil layers have been polluted. The risk of disjointed groundwater pollution can not be ignored while giving priority to the treatment of loess and river alluvial landform areas with close hydraulic links. The research results will provide a scientific basis for water conservancy departments to groundwater prevention and control in water-deficient areas of the Loess Plateau. 相似文献
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Tracing the source of mercury contamination in the Dorena Lake watershed, Western Oregon 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Although fish in Dorena Lake are contaminated with mercury, the source of pollution in the watershed was unconfirmed until the present study. To trace the mercury to its source, fine-grained sediment samples were collected from the major streams of the watershed. A few samples of mine waste/tailings were also obtained from the Bohemia Mining District where mercury was historically used in processing gold and silver ore. Mercury concentrations in sediment from streams that do not drain the central mining district average 0.066 ppm, whereas samples taken downstream of the district contain 0.140-1.339 ppm. Mine waste/tailings contain 13.441 to >50 ppm mercury. The source of mercury contamination in the Dorena Lake watershed is thus the Bohemia Mining District. Historical and geological evidence strongly suggests that the mercury problem in the district resulted from gold-mercury amalgamation practices, but naturally high mercury content in mineralized areas cannot be ruled out with the data presented here. 相似文献
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Comprehensive analysis of heavy metals in soils from Baoshan District, Shanghai: a heavily industrialized area in China 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
The potential for soil heavy metal contamination in high risk areas is a crucial issue that will impact the environment. Soil samples were collected in 2003 and 2007 to investigate heavy metal contamination characteristics and pollution changes in the industrialized district of Baoshan (Shanghai, China). Both multi-statistic and geostatistic approaches were used and proved to be useful in the interpretation of the analytical results. The potential for soil contamination in the high risk areas presents a crucial issue that will impact the environment. The results indicate that soil in the Baoshan District is alkaline. Additionally, the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil increased between 2003 and 2007. The study results indicated that the concentration of the metals lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium(Cd), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) in the soil has great discrepancy, especially of Pb and Cr. The concentrations of Pb and Cr in the soil show significant difference between two observed years (p?<?0.05). The concentration of most of these metals was higher in 2007 than 2003. Only the concentrations of Cd and As were not higher in 2007. Traffic and industrial contaminants were the likely source of Pb and As; Hg largely came from agricultural contamination, household garbage and industrial contamination; Cd, Cr, Zn and Cu mainly originated from industrial activities. Multivariate statistical analyses showed that human activities mainly contributed to heavy metal contamination. Spatial distribution confirmed this by showing that areas with the highest metal concentrations occurred where there were high levels of industrial activity and traffic. Potential ecological risk assessment results showed that high risk zones were highly correlated with spatial analysis. The study estimated that in 2007, 85.2?% of the district could be categorized as high risk, which is 77.4 times more than that in 2003. 相似文献
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广东某大城市汞污染特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
广东某大城市的汞污染,在空间分布上与人口聚居、工厂密集的地方有关,在土壤纵向上地表含量高,往下变低。Hg不同相态的含量与环境物质(有机质、土壤粒度、pH值)也存在一定的联系。土壤Hg含量高,还导致大气中Hg浓度增大。 相似文献
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土壤中汞存在形式的研究 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
本文运用部分连续萃取不同地球化学相的化学分析方法，对高汞区，人为汞污染区和背景参考区五个采样点土壤样品的七种汞形态进行了分析，研究表明，人为汞污染和地质作用都会造成土壤中汞的富集，但这两类土壤中汞的相态分布有明显的差别。 相似文献
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文章以桂林典型岩溶区和非岩溶区土壤剖面为研究对象,采用改进的Tessier元素形态连续提取法,测定岩溶区和非岩溶区土壤钙（Ca）和镁（Mg）元素离子交换态（包括水溶态）、碳酸盐结合态、腐殖酸结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态、强有机质结合态（包括部分硫化物）和残渣态等形态,探讨岩溶区和非岩溶区土壤Ca、Mg形态在土壤剖面中的迁移变化特征。结果表明:（1）岩溶区石灰土剖面中,随剖面深度加深,pH值增大,而土壤有机质、全氮（N）、全磷（P）含量减少,Ca元素主要以交换态存在且在各土壤剖面中含量相近,Mg元素主要是以残渣态赋存在土壤剖面中,随着土壤剖面深度腐殖酸结合态百分比减少,存在累积现象;（2）在非岩溶地区酸性土壤中,土壤总钙较低。在土壤剖面0~60 cm以强有机结合态为主,深层剖面（大于60 cm）以残渣态为主;Mg元素有效态含量较低,非岩溶区土壤Mg元素以腐殖酸结合态和残渣态为主,与岩溶区土壤类似,非岩溶区Mg元素在土壤中也存在一定累积。 相似文献