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滇中古裂谷带岩浆系列 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
滇中南北构造带,晋宁运动后出现一套特有的非造山型岩浆系列,即:晋宁-澄江期的碱性玄武岩-碱性次花岗岩-深成花岗岩,海西期的溢流玄武岩-辉绿岩墙群-碱性正长岩,印支-燕山期的环状超基性碱性杂岩-碳酸岩-碱性花岗岩组合;系一套深源富碱的暗色岩建造及其派生物。滇中裂谷作用是紧接着晋宁造山运动后发生的,即在元古代褶皱基础上发展起来的。裂谷发生和发展在一定程度上受一组南北向基底断裂所影响,在裂谷开始阶段的岩浆活动带有 相似文献
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江西彭山岩体的地球化学特征及成矿关系探讨 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
彭山岩体是由白云母碱长花岗岩、二云母碱长花岗岩和黑云母二长花岗岩组成的钙碱性花岗复式岩体。其地球化学特征表明它是一种富硅、富碱、贫钙、过铝且轻稀土相对富集的陆壳重熔型花岗岩。通过与典型矿区铅、硫同位素及稀土元素的对比，发现其侵位与多金属矿床的形成有着密切的联系。区域上基底深断裂的活化及板块间的相互作用，为该区燕山晚期的岩浆活动创造了条件。岩浆活动在提供了大量热动力的同时，也为本区带来了丰富的成矿物质，岩浆在侵位过程中进行了较为彻底的结晶分异，最终成矿物质在彭山穹窿构造及各级次级构造中富集成矿。 相似文献
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九顶山复式岩体沿北西向金沙江–红河断裂与南北向程海断裂交汇处发育,处于南北地洼区与滇西地洼区接触带,是滇西地洼期斑岩成矿带中段的代表性富碱斑岩体之一。该岩体由呈岩株、岩脉、岩墙或岩床等产出的斑状花岗岩、正长斑岩、(二长)花岗斑岩、碱长花岗斑岩和煌斑岩等组成。本文着重对正长斑岩的形成年代、岩石地球化学和成因特征开展研究,结果表明:正长斑岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为34.6±0.7 Ma,即岩浆侵位于始新世(E2),属滇西地洼激烈期及新生代富碱岩浆活动高峰期(45~30 Ma)的产物;岩石具高硅(Si O256%)、高钾(K2O=3.38%~8.92%,K2O/Na2O1)、富碱(ALK=8.15%~11.15%)和低Mg O(3%)的特征,属钾玄岩系列–高钾钙碱性系列过铝质(A/CNK=0.71~1.22)花岗岩;在微量元素组成上,岩石高Sr(400×10-6)、低Y(18×10-6)和Yb(1.9×10-6),与陆内造山环境形成的"C型"钾质埃达克岩地球化学特征类似;全岩的Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成特征显示岩浆源区是壳幔物质混合的"EMII型"富集地幔源。正长斑岩的形成应与印度–欧亚板块碰撞俯冲背景下,金沙江–红河断裂大规模左行走滑引起的热扰动和局部引张作用有关,在这种区域热–动力学条件下,地幔部分熔融与地壳物质发生混合作用,形成活化型壳幔混合源高钾富碱岩浆。 相似文献
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滇西北与喜马拉雅期富碱斑岩有关的金矿成矿系统 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
滇西北地区广泛发育一套以喜马拉雅期为主，以富碱为特点的斑岩体(脉)，空间上具有以岩体(脉)集中区为单元，不同单元组成岩带，多岩带近平行产出的特征。富碱岩浆是地幔富碱质流体经由深大断裂上升至壳-幔混合带激发其岩石部分熔融的产物。金矿成矿与岩浆成岩一脉相承，形影相随，具有与富碱岩体完全一致的时空分布特点，体现了其成岩成矿受区域构造控制的一体化特征。成矿流体主要源于地幔，矿质则地幔与岩浆源区兼而有之。岩浆和岩浆活动是金矿成矿作用中深部矿质上升的载体和不断聚集的动力。由(近)EW向构造活动一地幔富碱质流体上升-壳-幔混合带内岩浆形成-富碱岩浆分异演化一流体成矿构成了统一的区域成矿系统，称之为该区与喜马拉雅期富碱岩浆活动有关的金矿(构造)-壳-幔(流体-岩浆)成矿系统。 相似文献
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新疆乌伦古富碱花岗岩带碱性花岗岩成因及其形成构造环境 总被引：20，自引：1，他引：19
新疆东准噶尔西北部乌伦古河南岸,受乌伦古深断裂控制、沿扎河坝－萨尔铁列克－塔斯嗄克－线,发育着一系列碱性花岗和偏碱性花岗岩侵入体,构成了东准噶尔境内一条颇具物色的富碱花岗岩带,与乌伦古蛇绿岩带相伴产出,显示其重要的构造意义。花岗岩地质学、岩石学矿物学和地球化学研究表明,同国内外已知Ａ型花岗岩相对比,乌伦古富碱花岗岩、属典型的Ａ型花岗岩;同时又具有不同于其碱性花岗岩的某些特性,如岩石化学成分上相对较高的Fe2O3和MnO含量,Na2O>K2O 等,通过乌伦古带碱性花岗岩的系统研究,并参考前人研究成果,笔者提出了“地幔物质活动+脱水的硅铝质源岩部分熔融+花岗质岩浆分异作用+张性地质环境”这一A 型花岗岩的复合成因模式,可以较好地解释A 型花岗岩的成因机理。通过一系列地球化学图解的判别,结合区域构造演化的分析,得出了乌伦古带碱性花岗岩形成于中、晚石炭世碰撞造山之后的拉张构造环境的结论。乌伦古带碱性花岗岩重要的构造意义,在于不仅它的形成代表着东准噶尔造山作用的结束,而且它的空间分布,同其南侧卡拉麦里带碱性花岗岩一道,标志着西伯利亚和哈萨克斯坦两大板块之间巨型缝合带的客观存在,从而揭示了花岗岩类的研究 探讨和解决大地构造问题上的重要作用。 相似文献
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东准噶尔北缘两类花岗质岩石及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对东准噶尔北缘造山带内花岗质岩石以岩石地球化学特征为主的对比研究发现,该区主要存在两类花岗质岩石：造山带钙碱性花岗岩类和富碱花岗岩类。部分钙碱性花岗岩与新疆北部的埃迭克质岩具有相似的岩浆亲和性,而富碱花岗岩更多的表现出碱性花岗岩的岩石地球化学特点？两类花岗质岩石分别产于大陆碰撞造山带造山演化的俯冲环境和陆内后碰撞环境,... 相似文献
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内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗京格斯台碱性花岗岩年龄及意义 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
东乌珠穆沁旗京格斯台碱性花岗岩出露于中蒙边界附近的京格斯台地区,1.20万区域地质调查归之于华力西晚期(K γ3(2)4)和印支期(γ15)侵入体,是兴蒙造山带南带碱性花岗岩的一部分.该岩石具高硅、富碱、准铝、贫镁钙的特点,SiO2含量为74.8%～78.7%,K2O＞Na2O,全碱含量大于8.0%,属于过碱性和碱性花岗岩类(PAG).岩石稀土总量偏低,轻重稀土元素分馏程度不明显,(La/Yb)N值0.898.84～5.168,6Eu为0.07～0.89,铕强烈亏损.为后造山伸展环境下的产物.采用单颗粒锆石U-Pb同位素稀释法测定京格斯台碱性花岗岩的年龄,206Pb/238U表面年龄加权平均值为(284.8±1.1)Ma.为早二叠世岩浆活动的产物. 相似文献
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新疆奇台县黄羊山岩浆热液型石墨矿床含矿岩体年代学与地球化学特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
黄羊山石墨矿床位于新疆东准噶尔卡拉麦里造山带,是近年来我国发现并初步探明的一个超大型岩浆热液型石墨矿床。石墨矿体主要赋存于黄羊山碱性花岗岩体内,矿石具独特的球状构造,其成因机制还不清楚。本文对该矿床含石墨碱性花岗岩进行了详细的岩石学、年代学及地球化学研究。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明:(1)号和(2)号石墨矿体含石墨碱性花岗岩的年龄分别为303.6±4.0Ma和304.6±3.7Ma,其成岩成矿时代均为晚石炭世晚期。岩石地球化学研究表明,含石墨碱性花岗岩具有高硅(SiO_2=74.26%~79.07%)、富碱(K_2O+Na_2O=8.69%~8.92%)、贫钙(CaO=0.11%~0.90%)、低钛(TiO_2=0.07%~0.25%)等特征,均属高钾钙碱性过铝质花岗岩。岩石富集Rb、Th、U、K等大离子亲石元素及Nb、Zr、Hf等高场强元素,强烈亏损Ba、Sr、P、Ti等元素,稀土元素配分曲线呈右倾"V"字形,具明显的负Eu异常,与A型花岗岩特征一致。依据微量元素比值及相关判别图,含石墨花岗岩在成因类型上属于A2型花岗岩,形成于后碰撞构造环境,可能为壳幔混合岩浆沿卡拉麦里深大断裂上升侵位过程中同化混染石炭纪含碳地层,形成具球状构造特征的岩浆热液型石墨矿床。 相似文献
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滇西剑川始新世富碱岩浆岩锆石U-Pb年代学与Sr-Nd-Hf同位素地球化学及其对岩石成因的制约 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
滇西剑川富碱岩浆岩位于青藏高原东南缘的三江南段,是金沙江-红河富碱岩浆岩带的重要组成部分。剑川富碱岩浆岩包括花岗岩和正长岩两类岩石,前者主要有花岗斑岩和石英二长斑岩,后者主要是正长斑岩和粗面岩。本文对剑川富碱岩浆岩进行了主微量元素、锆石U-Pb年代学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素特征研究。锆石U-Pb测年结果显示,剑川花岗岩结晶年龄为35. 1～36. 1Ma,正长岩结晶年龄为35. 7～35. 8Ma,均形成于始新世。花岗斑岩和石英二长斑岩的SiO_2含量为67. 92%～69. 93%,K_2O/Na_2O比值介于0. 86～1. 22,具有高钾钙碱性特征;正长斑岩和粗面岩的SiO_2含量为53. 94%～63. 51%,K_2O/Na_2O比值介于1. 30～2. 68,属于钾玄质岩石系列。两类岩石都富集轻稀土元素(LREE)和大离子亲石元素(LILE),相对亏损高场强元素(HFSE)。其中,花岗斑岩和石英二长斑岩有着较高的Sr、Sr/Y、La/Yb值和低的Y、Yb含量,具有埃达克质岩浆属性。结合Sr-Nd-Hf同位素研究认为,滇西剑川地区花岗岩起源于增厚的镁铁质新生下地壳部分熔融,正长岩是由交代富集的岩石圈地幔熔融产生的基性岩浆演化而来的产物。滇西剑川新生代富碱岩浆活动是对印度与欧亚板块晚碰撞阶段,岩石圈地幔发生对流减薄和软流圈物质上涌过程的响应。 相似文献
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东秦岭北部富碱侵入岩岩石化学与分布特征 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
在东秦岭北部，富碱侵入岩的侵位与空间分布受同一个区域构造带（华并陆块南缘）控制，构成一个区域性的富碱岩浆岩带。根据岩石学和岩石化学研究，岩石类型主要分为三大类：（1）碱性岩类，即含有似长石或碱性暗色矿物的正长岩类；（2）碱性花岗岩类，包括钠铁闪石花岗岩及孪生的钾长花岗岩类；（3）石英正长岩类，包括碱性长石为主的石英正长岩、英碱正长岩和花岗正长（斑）岩类。根据富碱岩浆岩带的岩石化学特征，自北而南可以划分为三个亚带：北部碱性岩亚带，以SiO2饱和而l2O3不饱和出现碱性暗色矿物为特征；中部碱性花岗岩亚带，以SiO2强饱和而Al2O3不饱和出现碱性暗色矿物和大量石英为特征；南部石英正长岩亚带，以SiO2和Al2O3都饱和但CaO强烈亏损，缺乏Ca质斜长石，出现碱性长石占长石总量的绝对优势（一般＞95％）为特征。三个亚带富碱岩浆在化学成分方面虽有差异，但共同具有富碱高钾钙征，ALK＝10－15，K2O含量范围5％－15％，K2O／Na2O＝1．26－8．30。 相似文献
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新疆后造山碱性花岗岩的地质特征 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
新疆地区碱性花岗岩分布很广泛,可以划分出十条岩带,它们主要分布在古生代岛弧、弧后盆地及隆起区,与板块缝合线、深断裂密切相关,并与蛇绿岩和陆相火山岩相伴生。同位素年代测定表明,本区碱性花岗岩的形成是紧随造山运动之后发生的,属于后造山花岗岩。因此,它们形成时的构造环境、岩石化学成分、矿物组成及微量元素特征等均与非造山花岗岩(A 型花岗岩)有一定的区别。在一个地区有这么多后造山碱性花岗岩分布,国内外并不多见,这是新疆地质的一个特色。 相似文献
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The southern Sinai Peninsula, underlain by the northernmost extension of the Arabian-Nubian Shield, exposes post-collisional calc-alkaline and alkaline granites that represent the youngest phase of late Neoproterozoic igneous activity. We report a petrographic, mineralogical and geochemical investigation of post-collisional plutons of alkaline and, in some cases, peralkaline granite. These granites intrude metamorphosed country rocks as well as syn- and post-collisional calc-alkaline granitoids. The alkaline and peralkaline granites of the southern tip of Sinai divide into three subgroups: syenogranite, alkali feldspar granite and riebeckite granite. The rocks of these subgroups essentially consist of alkali feldspar and quartz with variable amounts of plagioclase and mafic minerals. The syenogranite and alkali feldspar granite contain small amounts of calcic amphibole and biotite, often less than 3%, while the riebeckite granite is distinguished by sodic amphibole (5–10%). These plutons have geochemical signatures typical of post-collisional A-type granites and were most likely emplaced during a transition between orogenic and anorogenic settings. The parental mafic magma may be linked to lithospheric delamination and upwelling of asthenospheric mantle material. Differentiation of the underplated basaltic magma with contributions from the juvenile crust eventually yielded the post-collisional alkaline granites. Petrogenetic modelling of the studied granitic suite shows that pure fractional crystallization cannot quantitatively explain chemical variations with the observed suite, with both major oxides and several trace elements displaying trends opposite to those required by the equilibrium phase assemblage. Instead, we show that compositional variation from syenogranite through alkali feldspar granite to riebeckite granite is dominated by mixing between a low-SiO2 liquid as primitive or more primitive than the lowest-SiO2 syenogranite and an evolved, high-SiO2 liquid that might be a high-degree partial melt of lower crust. 相似文献
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银厂坪花岗斑岩岩体位于扬子陆块的西南缘,处于鲜水河-小江碱性岩带和金沙江-哀牢山富碱斑岩带之间。其主量元素具有高碱,高Na2O/K2O值,低TiO2特征,属于高钾钙碱性系列岩石。微量元素富集LILE,LREE和过渡金属元素(Cu、Ni、Co),具有明显的“Ta-Nb-Ti"负异常,Eu负异常不明显。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄表明该区岩石的结晶年龄为(37.39±0.33) Ma。εHf(t)值为-1.8~+1.8,两阶段模式年龄为996~1 226 Ma。该区岩石具有较低的εNd(t)值（-7.4~-3.6）,较高的(87Sr/86Sr)i比值（0.706 077~0.706 231）,以及具有造山带铅特征的207Pb/204Pb值（15.567~15.574）和208Pb/204Pb值（38.321~38.335）。对银厂坪岩体的元素地球化学以及Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf同位素组成特征分析研究认为,研究区的花岗斑岩形成于近似大陆弧环境,同位素地球化学属于EMI-EMII过渡型源区,岩体形成于壳幔混合层。银厂坪岩体的地球化学属性更靠近安宁河碱性岩带,是该带分异末端的酸性端员组分。 相似文献
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龙王(石童)A型花岗岩地球化学特征及其地球动力学意义 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
龙王花岗岩岩体产于华北克拉通南缘,岩石类型主要为黑云母钾长花岗岩,局部见有霓辉石花岗岩。岩体高硅(SiO2=72.17%～76.82%)、富碱(K2O+Na2O=8.28%～10.22%,K2O/Na2O>1),碱性指数AI(agpaitic index)=0.84～0.95,分异指数DI=95～97,铝指数ASI(aluminium saturation index)=0.96～1.13。含铁指数高(FeO/(FeO+Mg)=0.90～0.99),岩石为准铝质至弱过铝质、碱性—碱钙性、铁质A型花岗岩。岩石富集大离子亲石元素,稀土元素含量很高(854～1572μg/g);高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf)的富集程度明显低于大离子亲石元素,因此在微量元素蛛网图上呈相对亏损特征;岩石显著亏损Ba、Sr、Ti、Pb;εNd(t)=-4.5～-7.2,Nd模式年龄为2.3～2.5Ga。εHf(t)=-1.11～-5.26,模式年龄tHf1=2.1～2.3Ga,tHf2=2.4～2.6Ga。黑云母钾长花岗岩中的锆石主要为无色透明柱状晶体,CL图像多数显示清晰的岩浆成因的韵律环带结构,锆石LA-ICPMSU-Pb年龄为... 相似文献
17.
The Eastern Desert of Egypt is well known as a gold-mining district since ancient times. Gold mineralization is closely associated with the granitic rocks in such way that the mineralization is either hosted by or occurs immediately adjacent to the granite intrusions. Granitic rocks accompanying gold mineralization in the Eastern Desert can be grouped into three categories i.e. syn-late tectonic calc-alkaline granites, calc-alkaline to mildly alkaline granites of the transitional stage and post-tectonic alkaline granites.Tectonically, gold mineralization is linked with the tectonothermal stages that were operative during the evolution of the Arabian–Nubian Shield (ANS). During the primitive stages of the island-arc formation, pre-orogenic gold mineralization (auriferous exhalites) was formed by hot brines accompanying submarine volcanic activity. No role for the granite is observed in this stage. Syn-orogenic gold mineralization (i.e. gold hosted in altered ophiolitic serpentinites along thrust faults and in sutures, quartz veins hosted in the metavolcano-sedimentary assemblage and/or the I-type granitic rocks surrounding them) connected with the collision and accretion stage is characterized by emplacement of calc-alkaline (I-type) older granite batholiths. Shear fractures reflected in brittle–ductile shear zones and amphibolite-green schist facies regional metamorphism were broadly contemporaneous with this intense compressional tectonic regime. Available fluid inclusion microthermometry and isotopic studies reveal that both metamorphic and magmatic fluids related to the syn-late tectonic calc-alkaline granites were operative. A further indication for the role of the granites is indicated by the presence of some concentrations of Antimony, Bismuth, Molybdenum, Tungsten, Rubidium, Beryllium, Tin, Yttrium, Ytterbium, Tantalum and Niobium in some auriferous quartz veins in the Egyptian gold mines.In the cratonal development of the (ANS), the land underwent a transitional stage between the major subduction-related calc-alkaline magmatic activity and the subsequent post-tectonic plutonism represented by the alkaline granites. This transitional stage is dominated by the eruption of Dokhan volcanics and deposition of molass-type Hammamat sediments. At ~ 590–530 Ma, the Arabian–Nubian Shield was deformed by post-accretionary structures, in the form of N-trending shortening zones such as the Hamisana shear zone and NW-trending strike-slip faults such as the Najd fault system. The regional NNW–SSE directed extension opened spaces that were progressively sealed with different magmatic phases including among them a considerable proportion of rocks referred to as “younger granites” in the Egyptian literature. Late-orogenic gold mineralization connected with the transitional stage is represented principally by the gold-bearing quartz veins traversing Hammamat molasse sediments, quartz veins traversing syn-extensional younger granites and generally quartz veins in ductile to brittle shears related to the Najd fault system and within Hamisana shear zone and its splays.By the end of Pan African orogeny until the Tertiary, the basement was intermittently intruded by a number of sub-alkaline to per alkaline granite bodies that host Mo, Sn, W, Nb–Ta and U mineralization in the Eastern Desert of Egypt. Anorogenic gold mineralization connected with post-orogenic granites is represented by small amounts of the element in disseminations, stockworks and quartz veins of Sn–W–Ta–U mineralization.The present review shows that gold mineralization in Egypt is an expression of two major cycles with distinct magmatic and tectonic characteristics, and the two cycles were separated by a transitional stage. The emplacement of granites in the compressional cycle played an important role in metamorphosing the country rocks by producing the heat energy required for the regional metamorphism and the providing of the magmatic fluids. The H2O–CO2 fluids enriched in volatiles were released at the greenschist–amphibolite facies transition at 450°–500 °C and mixed with the I-type calc-alkaline granite related fluids and both moved down a temperature gradient away from the amphibolite-green schist transition at depth to a lower temperature regime in the upper levels where it is deposited in brittle–ductile shear zones. With the extensional cycle, the syn-extensional granite intrusions acted as heat engine in such way that the heat of the granite drove the convective cells to circulate through the auriferous host-granite contacts, leaching gold and other elements and depositing it in structurally favorable sites. In addition, the contrasts in competency between the granites with brittle deformational characteristics and the surrounding country rocks with a ductile response to stress, led to a generation of extensive fracture pattern within the more competent unit. 相似文献
18.
焦家断裂蚀变带是胶东地区最重要的控矿构造之一。该断裂带控制的矿床是创立“焦家式”金矿理论的重要实例基础。目前,焦家断裂带累计探明Au资源储量超过1200 t,并且还在不断增加,展现了深部重要的勘查和研究价值。焦家断裂带控制的矿体主要赋存在主断面下盘,断裂带发育于花岗岩中时,上盘发育钾长石化花岗岩、绢英岩化花岗岩、黄铁绢英岩化花岗质碎裂岩、(黄铁)绢英岩质碎裂岩,下盘发育黄铁绢英岩质碎裂岩、黄铁绢英岩化花岗质碎裂岩、黄铁绢英岩化花岗岩和钾化花岗岩,蚀变类型在主断面两侧呈现对称分布特征。但是在岩性特征、结构构造、蚀变强度、化学成分等方面差异明显,表现出非镜像对称特征。上盘蚀变岩厚度大于下盘,下盘花岗岩的构造破碎程度比上盘花岗岩更严重;断裂带上盘黄铁矿含量低、一般无矿化显示,下盘黄铁矿含量高,出现金矿化;断裂带上盘的中生代花岗岩中韧性变形不发育,以脆性破裂为主,下盘发育明显的韧性变形;断裂带上下盘不同蚀变带的成矿元素Au,矿化剂元素S,成矿伴生元素Ag、Pb、Zn,亲石分散元素Ba、Sr以及主量元素Na2O、MgO含量具有差异性,指示焦家断裂带主断裂面两盘经历了不同的成矿作用过程,下盘花岗岩的热液蚀变作用与成矿作用的关系更为密切。依据焦家断裂带不同蚀变带元素的非镜像对称性特征,可利用上、下盘花岗岩和构造蚀变带的地球化学标志识别矿体或者不同蚀变带的位置,对认识“焦家式”金矿床的成因机制、预测深部成矿前景、指导深部找矿具有重要理论和实际意义。 相似文献