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1.
内蒙古雅布赖盆地红柳沟中侏罗统沉积相及沉积环境研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
野外考察发现,雅布赖盆地红柳沟发育一套较完整的中侏罗统扇三角洲沉积地层。其中沉积亚相有扇三角洲平原、扇三角洲前缘及前扇三角洲亚相;沉积微相包括辫状河道、天然堤、决口、沼泽、水下分流河道、水下分流河道间、河口坝、席状砂等沉积微相。从沉积构造特征分析可以看出,河道沉积发育于水动力条件较强的沉积环境,扇三角洲前缘河口坝沉积发育于强与弱水动力条件交替出现的沉积环境,而前扇三角洲则在比较稳定的水动力条件下沉积。对野外6个泥岩样品的微量元素化验结果用蜘蛛图解分析处理,得到样品所含微量元素V、Sr、Rb、B相对富集,而Zr、Cr、Ni相对亏损。通过对该地区样品w(Fe2+)/w(Fe3+)及气候指数计算表明,当时为弱氧化、半干旱的沉积环境。 相似文献
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鲁西南平原区第四纪全新世地层自下而上划分为5个组：下部为黑土湖组,中部为同期异相的巨野组、单县组、鱼台组,上部为黄河组。熏土湖组为全新世早-中期湖沼相沉积的灰-灰黑色粘土类粉砂质粘土,含大量淡水螺蚌介壳;巨野组为全新世黄河早期沉积,由褐黄色粉砂夹棕红色粘土组成;单县组为黄河古决口扇、古河道沉积,岩性主要为细砂、粉砂;鱼台组为黄河古决口扇前缘洼地沉积,岩性为-套棕红色粘土,局部夹粉砂土。黄河组为黄河现代河床及河漫滩沉积,由灰黄色粉砂土、粘质砂土夹粘土层及砂土组成。 相似文献
4.
桑塔木地区三叠系曲流河三角洲存在证据与沉积特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了厘清桑塔木地区三叠系砂体成因类型,指导油气勘探,利用岩心、钻测井、分析化验及高精度三维地震资料,研究碎屑岩的粒度、结构、沉积构造、砂体的空间展布、地震反射特征等.结果表明:三叠系TⅡ油组具有粒度细、分选磨圆好、发育小型交错层理、波状层理及水平层理,呈指状产出,地震剖面上具有前积反射构型,典型相干体地层切片见曲流特征的特点,是典型的曲流河三角洲沉积;同时,研究区曲流河三角洲发育2种亚相6种微相,其中平原亚相发育天然堤、水上分流河道及河漫沼泽微相,前缘亚相发育水下分流河道、河口坝和支流间湾3种微相;区内TⅡ油组以发育北部和西南部2个主要方向的曲流河三角洲为主,其中北部三角洲规模大,平原和前缘亚相较发育,西南部三角洲以前缘亚相为主,平原亚相以分流河道沉积为主,前缘亚相主要发育分流河道和河口坝微相.该三角洲的形成与地形坡度及气候的变化密切相关. 相似文献
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松辽盆地下白垩统青山口组是盆地内中生界最重要的含油层段之一,青山口组三段Ⅻ砂组储集砂体发育,成因类型多样.为分析大情字井油田Ⅻ砂组沉积微相类型,在岩心观察的基础上,综合分析区域地质、地震、测井、录井、粒度、岩性等资料,认为研究区发育水退背景下的三角洲沉积体系.Ⅻ砂组沉积时期,湖盆快速衰退,物源水系不稳定,主要来自于西南和南部的通榆$保康水系,三角洲朵体发生大规模迁移,继承青二段时期三角洲沉积的特点,三角洲平原和前缘亚相发育较广,前三角洲较少发育,识别的主要微相类型有分流河道、水下分流河道、河口砂坝、前缘砂坝和滨外砂坝等.储层物性受沉积微相的影响,研究区分流河道、河口砂坝储集砂体物性显示最好. 相似文献
7.
Sedimentary facies of the subaqueous Changjiang River delta since the late Pleistocene 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The sedimentary facies of the subaqueous Changjiang(Yangtze) River delta since the late Pleistocene was studied based on lithology and foraminifera analysis for two boreholes,CJK07 and CJK11,along with14C dating.Four sedimentary facies were identified,namely fluvial,tidal flat,offshore,and prodelta facies.The fluvial sedimentary facies is comprised of fluvial channel lag deposits,fluvial point bar deposits,and floodplain deposits,showing a fining-upward sequence in general with no benthic foraminifera.A layer of stiff clay overlies the fluvial deposits in core CJK07,indicating a long-term exposure environment during the Last Glacial Maximum(LGM).During the postglacial sea-level rise around 13-7.5 cal ka BP,the tidal flat facies was deposited in core CJK11,characterized by abundant silt-clay couplets.Euryhaline species dominate the subtidal flat foraminiferal assemblages,while almost no foraminifera was found in the intertidal flat.The offshore environment was the major sedimentary environment when the sea level reached its highest level around 7.5 cal ka BP,with a maximum accumulation rate of 10 mm/a found in core CJK11.Prodelta sediments have been deposited in core CJK11 since ~3 cal ka BP,after the formation of the Changjiang River delta.The difference in sedimentary facies between core CJK07 and CJK11 is due to their location: core CJK07 was in an interfluve while core CJK11 was in an incised valley during the LGM.Furthermore,AMS14C dating of core CJK07 shows poor chronological order,indicating that the sediments were reworked by strong tidal currents and that sediment deposited since ~7.7 cal ka BP in core CJK07 was eroded away by modern hydrodynamic forces caused by the southward shift of the Changjiang River delta depocenter. 相似文献
8.
With the combination of historical data, field observations and satellite remotely sensed images(Landsat TM/ETM and CBERS), changes in Huanghe (Yellow) River estuary since 1996 when artificial Chahe distributary was built up were studied, mainly including water and sediment discharge from the river, tides, tidal currents, suspended sediment diffusion, coastline changes and seabed development. During following six and half years (up to the end of 2002), runoff and sediment loads into the river mouth declined dramatically. At the beginning of the re-routing, abundant sediment loads from the river filled up nearshore shallow water areas so that the newborn delta prograded quickly. With rapid decrease of sediment loads transported to the estuary, the delta retrograded. In 1997, subaerial tip of the abandoned delta receded 1.5km; its annual mean recession rate was about 150 m in following years. In addition, marine dynamic condition near the artificial outlet had also changed. Under the interaction of ocean and river flow, most of incoming sediment loads deposited in the vicinity of the outlet. Seabed erosion occurred at the subaqueous delta front. Between 1999 and 2002, erosion thickness averaged at 0.3 m in the subaqueous delta of 585.5 km2. 相似文献
9.
高邮凹陷古近系戴南组扇三角洲沉积体系及其沉积相模式 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
扇三角洲是苏北盆地高邮凹陷戴南组较为发育的一种沉积类型,集中分布在凹陷南部陡坡带一侧,是该区一个重要的勘探领域。根据岩芯、测井、地震、粒度等资料,对高邮凹陷古近系戴南组扇三角洲的沉积特征进行了研究,建立了高邮凹陷戴南组的沉积相模式。根据单井沉积相、连井沉积相分析以及地震剖面反射特征和砂地比图综合分析,确定了戴南组各亚段沉积相的平面展布,编制了戴南组各亚段沉积相分布图。结果表明:高邮凹陷南部陡坡带地形陡,存在扇三角洲发育的条件,也存在反映浅水环境的岩性特点,成分成熟度和结构成熟度低反映了近物源的条件,还发现反映牵引流和重力流共存的沉积构造特点;从地震反射特征上看,反射结构不稳定,并发现向盆地边缘加厚的楔形地震相。在此基础上,重点对戴南组扇三角洲相各微相进行了分析,共划分出扇三角洲平原、扇三角洲前缘和前扇三角洲亚相,并进一步划分出水上分流河道、漫滩沼泽、水下分流河道、分流河道间和席状砂等微相,最后详细阐述了各微相的沉积特征。 相似文献
10.
Newly acquired high-resolution seismic profiles reveal a nearshore and an of fshore mud depocenter of f the southern Shandong Peninsula in the Yellow Sea.The nearshore depocenter is distributed in bands along the south coast of Shandong Peninsula.The of fshore depocenter is part of the distal subaqueous deltaic lobe,which deposited around the southeastern tip of the Shandong Peninsula.Between the two depocenters is a linear depression.The mud deposits directly overlie the postglacial transgressive surface and can be divided into lower and upper units by the Holocene maximum flooding surface.The nearshore and off shore units display different seismic structures.The lower unit of the nearshore deposit exhibits basal onlap,whereas the upper unit is characterized by progradation.The lower and upper units of the off shore deposit display distinct acoustic features.The lower unit has low-angle aggradation with internal reflectors generally dipping seaward and truncated by the Holocene maximum flooding surface,whereas the upper unit is characterized by aggradation and progradation landward rather than seaward.Results of geochemistry analysis of QDZ03 sediments and mineral analysis of WHZK01 sediments suggest that the nearshore deposit and the lower unit of the of fshore deposit are derived from the proximal coastal sediments of the Shandong Peninsula and the Huanghe(Yellow) River sediments.The upper unit of the of fshore deposit is mainly Huanghe River-derived.The lower unit of the mud deposit represents a post-glacial transgressive system tract according to dates of core QDZ03,and the upper unit represents a highstand system tract from middle Holocene to the present.These results will be of great significance to further understanding of the transportation of the Huanghe River sediments into the Yellow Sea and the spatial distribution of the subaqueous delta. 相似文献
11.
浅水粗粒辫状河三角洲沉积微相特征与油气产能的关系--以焉耆盆地宝浪油田为例 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
谢辉 《地球科学与环境学报》2004,26(4):37-40
焉耆盆地宝浪油田含油气层段位于中生界下侏罗统三工河组(J1s)，为典型的浅水缓坡型粗粒辫状河三角洲-湖泊沉积体系。储层成分成熟度和结构成熟度低．粒度概率曲线以牵引和悬浮二段式为主，C—M图以PQ段和QR段为主，宝浪油田侏罗系三工河组划分出12种有成因意义的岩石相，采用Coleman的方案将浅水辫状河三角洲划分为：上三角洲平原(洪水线之上)、下三角洲平原(枯水线-洪水线之间)和水下三角洲平原(枯水线之下)3个亚相带。研究区主要发育了(水下)分流河道微相、水下分流河道间微相、决口水道(扇)微相、溢流沉积微相、滨湖沼泽沉积微相，河口坝微相不发育。(水下)分流河道微相占研究区储层的90％以上，根据砂体的岩石相组合、冲刷程度、水流能量大小的变化规律，其又可分为：充填河道、废弃河道、进积河道3种基本类型。储层物性以废弃河道为最好，单井油气产能亦最高，充填河道次之，进积河道和决口水道(扇)则相对较差。 相似文献
12.
One of the most important factors controlling the morphology of the modern Huanghe(Yellow) River delta is consolidation settlement, which is impacted by fast deposition, high water content, and low density of seafloor sediment. Consolidation settlement of the Huanghe River subaqueous delta was studied based on field data, laboratory experiments on 12 drill holes, and the one-dimensional consolidation theory. Results show that vertical sediment characteristics varied greatly in the rapidly forming sedimentary bodies of the modern Huanghe River subaqueous delta. Sediments in the upper parts of drill holes were coarser than those in the deeper parts, and other physical and mechanical properties changed accordingly. On the basis of the one-dimensional consolidation theory and drilling depth, the final consolidation settlement of drill holes was between 0.6 m and 2.8 m, and the mean settlement of unit depth was at 1.5–3.5 cm/m. It takes about 15–20 years for the consolidation degree to reach 90% and the average sedimentation rate within the overlying 50 m strata was at 5 cm/a to 12 cm/a. This study helps to forecast the final consolidation settlement and settlement rate of the modern Huanghe River subaqueous delta, which provides key geotechnical information for marine engineers. 相似文献
13.
This paper presents a paleoflood study to determine the flood frequency of the Changjiang River, based on core cj0702, taken from the Changjiang River subaqueous delta. We identified flood deposits by means of high-resolution grain-size variation, sensitive population, geochemical indexes and magnetic susceptibility. The core covers a time span of 120 years by 210 Pb dating and was sampled at 1–2 cm intervals. Grain size, geochemical elements, and physical parameters were analyzed. The results indicate that the sediment of the core is mainly composed of silt and clay, as well as groups of interbedded silt, clay silt, and clay. Vertically, the grain size pattern was controlled by seasonal variations in water discharge and by the sediment input in winter from the abandoned Huanghe River delta. River flooding caused extreme values in all our measured parameters. We identified more than 20 flood events that occurred since 1887 using the physical parameter analysis method. The environmentally sensitive component of sediment grain size(14.32–96.39 μm) contribution30%, Zr/Rb ratio1.5, and magnetic susceptibility16 were selected as the criteria for flood identification generally. We also found that floods that had taken place in the upstream, midstream, or downstream parts of the river were clearly identified by these indexes while the large-scale floods that covered the whole drainage area did not leave clear indications in the sediment record. This study for identification of flood events is of great significance for understanding hyperpycnal current sedimentation as well as for forecasting of floods. 相似文献
14.
通过钻井岩心、铸体薄片、扫描电镜及测录井资料,对柴达木盆地北缘冷湖地区古近系路乐河组的成岩作用特征、成岩相类型及其有利成岩相进行了系统研究。结果表明:研究区储层成分成熟度和结构成熟度均较低,成岩作用类型复杂多样,主要发育压实作用、胶结作用、交代作用和溶蚀作用,成岩演化主体进入中成岩阶段B期。综合考虑各种成岩现象及特征、孔隙类型及沉积微相特征,将研究区储层成岩相划分为强压实致密成岩相、碳酸盐胶结成岩相、绿泥石薄膜胶结-粒间孔成岩相、不稳定组分溶蚀-次生孔成岩相4类。优质储集层的分布与成岩相类型关系密切,压实致密成岩相和碳酸盐胶结成岩相的储层物性普遍较差,多为致密储层,集中分布于扇三角洲平原河道翼、扇三角洲水下分流河道边部,而主要发育于扇三角洲前缘水下分流河道、河口坝中上部较厚砂体中的绿泥石薄膜胶结-粒间孔成岩相和不稳定组分溶蚀-次生孔成岩相的原生孔隙或次生孔隙发育,储层物性较好,利于油气富集,为研究区储层的有利成岩相。 相似文献
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The Huanghe (Yellow) River, with annual sediment discharge about 11 ×108tons, contributes about 17% of the fluvial sediment discharge of world's 21 major rivers to the ocean because its middle reaches flow across the great Loess Plateau of China. Sediment discharge of the Huanghe River has a widespread and profound effect on sedimentation of the sea. The remarkable shift of its outlet in 1128-1855 A.D. to the South Yellow Sea formed a large subaqueous delta and provided the substrate for an extensive submarine ridge field.The shift of its outlet in the modern delta every 10 years is the main reason why with an extremely heavy sediment input and a micro- tidal environment, the Huanghe River has not succeeded in building a birdfoot delta like the Mississippi. The Huanghe River has consistently brought heavy sediment input to sea at least since 0.7 myr.B.P. Paleochannels, paleosols, cheniers and fossils on the sea bottom indicate that the Yellow Sea was exposed during the late Quaternary glacial low-sea l 相似文献
16.
Ma Yanyan Li Guangxue Ye Siyuan Zhang Zhiheng Zhao Guangming Li Jingyang Zhou Chunyan Ding Wenjie Yang Xin 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2010,28(6):1362-1370
The water and sediment discharge regulation (WSDR) project, which has been performed since 2002 before flood season every
year, is of great significance to the river management in China. Until 2007, six experiments have been fulfilled to evaluate
the effect of the project on the natural environment. To fill the gap of investigations, a study on flood and suspended sediment
transportation and channel changing along the distributary channel of the Huanghe (Yellow) River was conducted during the
WSDR project period in 2007. The lower channel was scoured rapidly and the channel became unobstructed gradually several days
after the flood peak water was discharged from the Xiaolangdi Reservoir. Within four days after the flood peak at 3 000 m3/s entered the distributary, the channel in the river mouth area was eroded quickly. Both the mean values of area and depth
of the main channel were tripled, and the maximum flood carrying capacity increased to 5 500 m3/s or more. Then, the river channel was silted anew in a very short time after completion of the WSDR. Favored by the WSDR
project, the river status in April 2008 became better than that of the year before. The adjustment ranges of main channel
parameters were about 30%, 10%, and 10% at sections C2, Q4, and Q7, respectively. The process of rapid erosion-deposition
was more active 15 km away in the channel from the river mouth due to the marine influence. It is reasonable for discharging
sediment at concentration peak from Xiaolangdi Reservoir at the end of the flood peak. As a result, the sediment peak reached
the river mouth about two days later than that of the water current. In addition, the WSDR project has improved the development
of the estuarine wetland. Wetland vegetation planted along the river banks restrained the water flow as a strainer and improved
the main channel stability. It is suggested to draw water at mean rate of 150 m3/s from the Huanghe River during flood periods, because at the rate the water in the wetland would be stored and replenished
in balance. Moreover, we believe that cropland on the river shoal of the lower Huanghe River should be replaced by wetland.
These activities should achieve the Huanghe River management strategy of “To concentrate flow to scour sediment, stabilize
the main channel, and regulate water and sediment”. 相似文献
17.
庙西南凸起蓬莱A构造区馆陶组有良好油气发现,但储层厚度多小于5 m,难以被精确识别刻画。以薄层砂体为研究对象,综合地震、测井、钻井岩心、古生物等基础资料,明确研究区馆陶组沉积时期受北东向物源供给沉积,发育河流-浅水三角洲相。基于90°相位化处理确定砂体地震响应特征;分频解释处理判断相对等时地震同相轴,构建馆陶组高频层序地层格架（三级层序SQ1-3）,优选60Hz地震数据体进行地层切片划分;地层切片高精度沉积学解释揭示研究区馆陶组SQ1层序至SQ3层序依次发育河流-席状化浅水三角洲-朵叶状浅水三角洲-水下河道型浅水三角洲。其中SQ1层序中河道砂体以及SQ2-3层序中浅水三角洲前缘砂体皆为有利储层。此次研究丰富发展了渤海海域河流-浅水三角洲相中地震沉积学在砂体预测中的研究成果。 相似文献
18.
ShigeyukiSuzuki AbdulR.Ashraf HakuyuOkada 《东北亚地学研究》2004,7(2):149-155
Sedimentary facies of the Tsagayan Formation is distributed in the eastern Zeya-Bureya Basin has been analyzed. The formation is of the Maastrichtian to Danian in age and characterized by the cyclicity of the fining-upwards successions. Analysis of environmental changes during the K/T boundary is the focus of this study. Five facies have been identified: Facies A, thick and laterally extensive coarse-grained to medium-gained sandstone units, interpreted as channelfill deposits; Facies B, parallel-laminated to massive mudstone units interpreted as interchannel lakes and flood plain deposits; Facies C, sheet-like medium-grained to fine-grained sandstones interpreted as crevasse splay deposits; Facies D, coal to coaly mudstone beds interpreted as deposits of peatlands; Facies E, very poorly sorted sandy mudstone beds interpreted as debris flow deposits. Fluvial environments with the low-relief fiat topography was inferred. A channel transported large volumes of clasts, and a flood basin with interchannel lakes and peatlands was deciphered. Any distinct change of sedimentary environments has not been identified throughout the Tsagayan Formation (including the K/T boundary). However, two beds of debris flow deposits were identified. The one occurs at the uppermost part of the lower Tsagayan Subformation and contains dinosaur fossils. The other is intercalated in the upper Tsagayan Subformation. 相似文献
19.
Sedimentary facies of the Tsagayan Formation is distributed in the eastern Zeya-Bureya Basin has been analyzed. The formation is of the Maastrichtian to Danian in age and characterized by the cyclicity of the fining-upwards successions. Analysis of environmental changes during the K/T boundary is the focus of this study. Five facies have been identified: Facies A, thick and laterally extensive coarse-grained to medium-grained sandstone units, interpreted as channelfill deposits; Facies B, parallel-laminated to massive mudstone units interpreted as interchannel lakes and flood plain deposits; Facies C, sheet-like medium-grained to fine-grained sandstones interpreted as crevasse splay deposits;Facies D, coal to coaly mudstone beds interpreted as deposits ofpeatlands; Facies E, very poorly sorted sandy mudstone beds interpreted as debris flow deposits. Fluvial environments with the low-relief flat topography was inferred. A channel transported large volumes of clasts, and a flood basin with interchannel lakes and peatlands was deciphered. Any distinct change of sedimentary environments has not been identified throughout the Tsagayan Formation (including the K/T boundary). However, two beds of debris flow deposits were identified. The one occurs at the uppermost part of the lower Tsagayan Subformation and contains dinosaur fossils. The other is intercalated in the upper Tsagayan Subformation. 相似文献
20.
Based on the data from gauging stations,the changes in water discharge and sediment load of the Huanghe (Yellow)River were analyzed by using the empirical mode decomposition(EMD)method.The results show that the periodic oscillation of water discharge and sediment load of the Huanghe River occurs at the interannual,decadal,and multi-decadal scales,caused by the periodic oscillations of precipitation,and El Nio/Southern Oscillation(ENSO)affects water discharge by influencing precipitation distribution and contributes to periodic varations in precipitation and water discharge at interannual timescale.The water discharge and sediment load of the Huanghe River have decreased since the 1960s under the influence of precipitation and huamn activities,and human activities attribute more than precipitation to the reduction in the water discharge and sediment load,furthermore,water abstraction and water-soil conservation practices are the main causes of the decrease in water discharge and sediment load,respectively.The reduction in sediment load has directly impacted on the lower reaches of the Huanghe River and the river delta, causing considerable erosion of the river channel in the lower reaches since the 1970s along with River Delta changing siltation into erosion around 2000. 相似文献