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众多海洋观测数据表明,在真光层深度范围内,海水固有光学特性和光学有效组分的剖面分层分布是广泛存在的,而很多遥感反演模型的建立基于均一分布假设,尤其是在经验模型的建立中,往往只利用某一深度或各深度平均的光学有效组分浓度与水体光谱的统计关系。文章通过模拟平静水面水下光的辐射传输,分别研究了叶绿素、无机悬浮物浓度垂直分布结构对水下辐照度比的影响,并对比了两类分层水体权重函数等效浓度计算式及相应水下辐照度比,结果表明,对于分层水体,透射深度和层化强度是影响等效浓度值计算误差的主要因素,透射越深,表层层化越强,水体层化对水下辐照度比的影响就越大,但其计算误差也越大。Gondon等效浓度计算结果比较接近实际值,而Zaneveld计算式则高估了分层水体的等效浓度值。 相似文献
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根据辐射传输方程的近似解方法和光照传输的累加原理,建立了包括水面风浪效应、水中悬浮粒多次散射和底泥反射的垂直分层水体的光照传输数值模式。利用该模式和太湖悬浮粒实测资料,计算和讨论了太湖水体中光照随水深的变化以及悬浮粒浓度、风浪和太阳高度的影响。结果表明,悬浮粒的多次散射所形成的漫射光是湖水中光照不可忽视的重要部分。在水体的下层,漫射光甚至是光照的主要构成部分。风浪对水中光照的影响则主要在天顶角大于70°时才明显地表现出来,此时风浪水体对太阳直接辐射和全辐射的反射率比平静水面都有明显的减小。 相似文献
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南海北部水体浮游植物比吸收系数的变化 总被引：17，自引：4，他引：17
在2004年9月南海北部开放航次中测定了51个站点的浮游植物比吸收系数aph^＊（A）。分析表明，aph^＊的数值和光谱分布都有较大的变化，且在沿岸和外海表现出不同的变化趋势。aph^＊的变化主要受色素打包效应和色素成分的影响。外海水体微微型藻类占绝对优势，而沿岸水体中微型藻类和大型藻类的比例相对增大，相应地色素打包效应增强，aph^＊减小。外海水体的aph^＊光谱分布随深度的增加呈现出一定的变化趋势，且在上层水体的蓝红比较高，反映出辅助色素含量的相对变化对比吸收系数的影响。aph^＊随叶绿素a浓度的增大而减小，两者之间呈现出较好的幂指数关系。 相似文献
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推导了海洋条件下目标-背景对比度的计算公式,根据辐射传输方程,采用Eddington近似方法求解,建立了海洋条件下目标-背景对比度的表达公式。计算并分析了太阳高度、观测者角度、海水体衰减系数及目标所处深度对目标-背景对比度的影响。文中得出如下结论:垂直方向侦查时,太阳高度角在40°左右条件下的目标-背景对比度最大,最容易侦查到水下目标;目标-背景对比度随目标所在深度增大而减小,随海洋体衰减系数的增加而降低;太阳高度角为90°、观测者天顶角余弦在0.8~0.9范围时的目标-背景对比度存在较大尖峰值。研究结果为光学探测水下目标及水下航行器反光学探测提供理论支撑。 相似文献
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辐射传输模式Hydrolight在国际水色遥感研究领域已被广泛用于解决水体光学的各种问题,也是进行石油类污染水体辐射传输特性研究的有效模型。结合Hydrolight模式的机理、应用现状及含油水体的特点,提出了将该模式应用于光学特性复杂的石油污染水体辐射传输特性研究时需要解决的关键技术,包括测定石油污染水体吸收系数和散射系数、建立石油污染吸收和散射特性随波长和深度变化的参数化模型、确定油物质的吸附后悬浮颗粒物体散射函数模型等方面。依据2018年8月和2016年8月分别在辽宁大连港和辽宁盘锦辽河油田等区域测定的含油水体数据,讨论了这些关键技术的解决方案。 相似文献
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综合考虑侧边界水通量、海表面风应力、热通量、蒸发和降水等,建立了一个采用垂向S坐标的西北太平洋海洋模式,模拟和分析西北太平洋环流和海温。S坐标具有使海洋上层趋于同一水深的物理平面和同时底层拟合海底变化的优点。与日本2008年西北太平洋实测温度断面资料比较,模式计算的海温在分布势态和量值上较为一致,模式能较好地验证海洋温度分布情况。与σ坐标相比,S坐标能更好地验证海温的变化。模式较好地模拟出了西北太平洋气候态环流和海温变化。由于在σ坐标系下水深的水平变化体现在σ层上,海洋表层的分辨率比S坐标系下低,以及初始海温的水平分布含有水深水平变化的信息,S坐标海洋模式能更好地模拟环流和海温的变化。 相似文献
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一个高分辨率太平洋-印度洋海盆环流模式的初步结果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用LASG/IAP发展的一个0.25°×0.25°高分辨率太平洋-印度洋海盆环流模式，初步分析了模式在太平洋区域的模拟结果，并与海洋同化资料以及前人的研究结果作比较，检验此模式对该区域平均气候态、年际变化的模拟能力。分析表明，模式较好地再现了海表温度（SST）分布、赤道温跃层和纬向流结构、赤道流系分布形态、海表高度以及正压流函数空间分布特征；同时，对显著的El Ni?o和La Ni?a事件的模拟等方面与Simple Ocean Data Assimilation（SODA）2.0.2版本结果相近。此外，模式模拟北赤道流（NEC）分叉点位置的季节和年际变化以及吕宋海峡流量的年际变化与已有研究结果基本一致。进一步分析还发现，在年际尺度上，NEC分叉点位置和吕宋海峡流量与ENSO密切相关。 相似文献
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有效重力势能作为重力势能中活跃的部分，能够参与海洋能量循环。本文计算和评估了CMIP5中9个模式的全球大洋2 000 m以上积分的有效重力势能和200～500 m深度范围内的中尺度有效重力势能，并与由BOA_Argo观测数据计算的结果进行比较。分析表明，就全球大洋2 000 m以上积分的有效重力势能而言，多数模式的计算结果均大于由Argo观测数据计算的结果。通过比较有效重力势能的空间分布特征，发现在强动力活跃区（特别是黑潮、湾流、南极绕极流区），模式与观测相差较大，其差别主要来源于观测与模式中扰动密度的差异。此外，在黑潮和南大洋区域，涡动能和有效重力势能具有较高的时间相关性，而在北大西洋湾流区域，两者的相关性较低；功率谱分析显示中尺度有效重力势能与涡动能都存在显著的半年和年变化周期。 相似文献
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积雪密度演变对北极积雪深度模拟的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
积雪具有复杂的时空分布,在高纬度地区的气?冰?海耦合系统中扮演了重要的角色。准确的积雪质量平衡计算可以帮助我们更好地理解海冰演变过程以及极区冰雪与大气之间的相互作用。雪密度是影响积雪质量平衡众多因素中的重要因子。现有的一维高分辨率冰雪热力学模型（如HIGHTSI）中,使用常数块体雪密度均值将降雪雪水当量转化为积雪深度。本文参考拉格朗日冰上积雪模型（SnowModel-LG）模式对积雪分层压实的处理,简化为新、旧两个雪层,并在质量守恒条件下同时考虑新、旧雪层深度对压实增密的响应,将该物理过程加入HIGHTSI模式中。利用ERA-Interim再分析数据作为大气强迫,针对北极15个冰质量平衡浮标沿其漂移轨迹模拟了降雪积累期海冰表面雪密度变化对积雪深度变化的影响,在原HIGHTSI设置下分别采用定常块体雪密度均值330 kg/m3（T1试验）、接近实际的常数新雪密度200 kg/m3（T2试验）以及改进后框架下新、旧雪层随时间压实增密的雪密度（T3试验）计算积雪深度,并将模拟结果与浮标观测进行对比。结果表明,本文改进的算法对雪密度变化的处理更为合理,且能较好地再现积雪深度的变化;考虑新、旧雪层深度对压实增密的响应能较好地避免以较低的降雪密度持续过度积累,以浮标观测为标准,分层积雪密度压实计算得到的平均绝对误差相对T2减小了5 cm。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献