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1.
本文探讨了将商业有限元软件COMSOL Multiphysics应用于地震电信号选择性三维数值模拟方面可能面临的一些问题.在检验算法可靠性的同时,通过选取不同类型的边界条件、不同大小的计算区域、不同的介质电性参数以及地表介质电性非均匀性和地下特定导电通道等不同电性结构模型等,考察了影响地震电信号选择性数值模拟结果的一些可能因素.结果表明,在开展地震电信号选择性数值模拟研究时需对模型参数的选取进行必要的分析,而地表介质电性非均匀性以及地下特定导电通道等可以较好地解释地震电信号选择性现象,其贡献的大小与模型具体的电性结构和对比度等参数有关. 相似文献
2.
神经网络在石油测井解释中的应用综述 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
常规测井解释往往通过"四性关系"研究建立储层参数解释模型,将测井信息转化成地质参数开展储层评价,但对于复杂岩性储层、低渗低阻等储层而言,将测井信息转化为储层参数及利用测井曲线开展储层评价往往存在多解性.作为一种非线性数学方法,神经网络具有多信息融合、综合预测的功能,在解决一些复杂、非线性问题领域展示了强大的生命力.将神经网络引入石油测井解释中,综合利用多种测井信息开展岩性、物性及含油性分析,可有效提高石油测井解释的精度和效率;利用神经网络技术开展流体性质识别和储层裂缝研究可有效破解此类世界性难题.为此,本文对神经网络技术在石油测井解释中的应用进行了综述,并对应用中应注意的事项进行分析,最后进行了应用展望. 相似文献
3.
《地球物理学进展》2020,(2)
利用饱和度公式评价储层含油性时,胶结指数一般在某一层位取某一固定值.在复杂岩性储层中,储层非均质性强,孔隙结构复杂,连通性差,导致胶结指数变化较大,利用常数胶结指数计算的含油饱和度精度降低,给储层测井评价带来了极大的困难.基于弹性介质理论,利用阵列声波数据得到地层骨架的剪切模量和体积模量,并计算出骨架的纵波速度.分析发现,地层和骨架的纵波速度比与地层孔隙度和胶结指数具有一定的函数关系,通过地层和骨架的纵波速度比和孔隙度可以计算出连续的胶结指数,进而得到地层饱和度.实验结果表明,本文方法计算得到的地层饱和度与岩心分析饱和度吻合较高,方法一定程度上克服了传统的饱和度模型在复杂岩性储层中的不适用性,为复杂岩性储层含油性准确评价提供了依据. 相似文献
4.
核磁共振二维谱应用在储层流体识别与评价中具有快速直观识别流体类型、储层参数估算精度高的特点,使之能高效率的完成测井资料解释工作,然而拥有稳健、可靠及计算快速的反演方法是获取高质量核磁共振二维谱的关键所在.通过对二维核磁共振子空间类型反演方法的大量研究,在奇异值截断公式上进行了分析和改进,使得反演方程组的奇异值矩阵能保留下更多的奇异值,为反演结果的保真性奠定基础,并对其进行分组处理使反演方程组的条件数降低,从而提高求解的稳定性;在迭代计算中提出变参量迭代算法,使求解更合理、快速及高效.在数值模拟中,变参量迭代快速反演方法能够准确地还原30×30、60×80扩散弛豫二维构造谱,计算用时都在1分钟内;在油水试验中,变参量迭代快速反演方法反演出的扩散—弛豫二维谱能够正确识别所测流体类型,含油饱和度估算结果的相对误差为0.6%,绝对误差为0.79%.变参量迭代快速反演方法能够快速有效得处理二维核磁共振数据,反演出的扩散一弛豫二维谱质量高,二维谱应用于解释中所得到的结论可靠性高,表明该方法具有一定应用价值. 相似文献
5.
《地球物理学进展》2017,(5)
针对花岗岩储层非均质性特点,采用了三重孔隙结构解释模型对其进行解释评价.该模型的储集空间包括基质、裂缝和孔洞三部分,随着储集空间的变化,可将该模型转化为孔隙型储层解释模型、孔洞型储层解释模型和裂缝型储层解释模型,这样就可适应多种储层性质的解释需要.由此利用常规测井资料计算了花岗岩储层的总孔隙度、基质孔隙度、孔洞孔隙度和裂缝孔隙度,利用岩心和电成像测井对裂缝孔隙度和孔洞孔隙度的计算结果进行标定和验证,并根据这些参数划分储层类型,计算含油气饱和度,划分油气水层.含油气饱和度的计算是采用反映储层孔隙结构变化的孔隙结构指数变m值,使阿尔奇公式适用于非均质花岗岩储层含油气饱和度的计算.应用上述测井解释方法,对目标井进行精细处理解释和综合评价,取得了很好的应用效果. 相似文献
6.
《地球物理学进展》2017,(3)
本文系统分析ΔLogR技术应用于复杂岩性致密层有机质评价中存在两方面的局限性:参数选取方面,测井曲线选取过于单一,无法有效削弱致密层段复杂岩性和孔隙度等因素对计算有机碳含量的影响;构建模型方面,人为剔除异常点存在随机性与偶然性误差,影响建模准确性.针对上述问题,本文建立了BP神经网络模型,并将其应用于柳河盆地柳参1井下桦皮甸子组烃源岩有机质评价.研究结果表明,在不剔除异常点情况下,BP神经网络模型计算TOC值和实测116组TOC值相关性达到0.886,显示建模效果良好.分别应用BP神经网络和ΔLogR模型,计算研究区致密层纵向上连续的TOC曲线,BP神经网络模型的计算TOC曲线与实测TOC数据基本吻合,而ΔLogR模型的计算TOC曲线吻合度较差.因此在测井资料完善的情况下,本文建议使用BP神经网络评价复杂岩性的致密层有机质. 相似文献
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9.
《应用地球物理》2019,(4)
品质因子Q是表征岩石非弹性性质的重要参数,准确的Q值是深入研究岩石动力学特征的关键。准确、稳定地获得岩石Q值参数一直是一个难点。本文利用时频谱信息进行Q值提取,提出了基于S变换的频谱比法(SR-ST)。该方法利用了S变换的变时窗特性解决常规方法中的时窗问题,并对S变换中高斯窗添加时窗因子,使得高斯窗更适合超声衰减计算。同时,通过给出频带线性回归规则,提高计算的稳定性和准确性。文中首先通过数值模拟和标准样品测量实验,研究分析了SR-ST方法的可行性行以及影响因素;其次利用不同Q值人工样品,研究该方法对不同Q值样品计算的适应性和稳定性;最后通过岩石超声衰减测量实验,将该方法与常规频谱比法进行对比分析,分析SR-ST方法的稳定性和准确性。实验结果表明:利用无时窗因子的S变换时频谱计算,会引起36%的误差,需要对S变换添加时窗因子,适当调整时窗大小随频率变化的程度;SR-ST方法能够适应不同衰减特征岩石样品Q值计算,利用给出的频带线性回归规则以及平均斜率值进行Q值计算,能够保证不同Q值(Q15)的最大误差在10%以内。 相似文献
10.
对Lg波衰减模型中建模误差的统计特征进行了系统研究,并建立了地壳二维Lg波衰减模型。由于Lg波振幅可能受到几何扩散函数的强烈影响,合理评估反演过程的误差对于能否使用最小二乘意义下的反演非常重要。通过在川滇及其邻近地区收集的建模误差样本,使用K-S数值检验方法、Q-Q图和正态分布图形检验方法对Lg波衰减层析成像反演的输入数据中建模误差的分布特征进行了统计分析。采用奇异值分解（SVD）和反投影方法,分别获得了川滇地区的QLg模型,定量计算模型的协方差矩阵和分辨率矩阵,定量评估了QLg模型中每个格点的分辨率和误差。结果表明:在一阶近似条件下建模误差服从正态分布;通过开发的数据筛选程序,可以产生一个接近完美正态分布的数据集;与反投影方法相比,利用SVD方法获得的地壳Q值的分辨率更高;在射线覆盖较好的区域,QLg模型的分辨率达到100 km,相对误差小于3%。 相似文献
11.
S. Jamshid Mousavi Hosein Alizadeh Kumaraswamy Ponnambalam 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2014,28(8):2051-2061
Stochastic optimization methods are used for optimal design and operation of surface water reservoir systems under uncertainty. Chance-constrained (CC) optimization with linear decision rules (LDRs) is an old approach for determining the minimum reservoir capacity required to meet a specific yield at a target level of reliability. However, this approach has been found to overestimate the reservoir capacity. In this paper, we propose the reason for this overestimation to be the fact that the reliability constraints considered in standard CC LDR models do not have the same meaning as in other models such as reservoir operation simulation models. The simulation models have fulfilled a target reliability level in an average sense (i.e., annually), whereas the standard CC LDR models have met the target reliability level every season of the year. Mixed integer nonlinear programs are presented to clarify the distinction between the two types of reliability constraints and demonstrate that the use of seasonal reliability constraints, rather than an average reliability constraint, leads to 80–150 % and 0–32 % excess capacity for SQ-type and S-type CC LDR models, respectively. Additionally, a modified CC LDR model with an average reliability constraint is proposed to overcome the reservoir capacity overestimation problem. In the second stage, we evaluate different operating policies and show that for the seasonal (average) reliability constraints, open-loop, S-type, standard operating policy, SQ-type, and general SQ-type policies compared to a model not using any operation rule lead to 190–460 % (200–550 %), 100–200 % (80–300 %), 0–90 % (0–60 %), 30–90 % (0–20 %), and 10–90 % (0–10 %) excess capacity, respectively. 相似文献
12.
本文把桁架结构地震可靠性分析和最优化设计方法结合起来，以结构的地震失效率概率为目标函数，给出一种考虑地震可靠性的桁架结构的优化方法。该方法能够解决线性桁架体系在平稳的随机地震地面运动激励下的优化问题，并在给定投资的条件下设计出了安全可靠的桁架结构。 相似文献
13.
An algorithmic approach to the total least-squares problem with linear and quadratic constraints 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Proper incorporation of linear and quadratic constraints is critical in estimating parameters from a system of equations.
These constraints may be used to avoid a trivial solution, to mitigate biases, to guarantee the stability of the estimation,
to impose a certain “natural” structure on the system involved, and to incorporate prior knowledge about the system. The Total
Least-Squares (TLS) approach as applied to the Errors-In-Variables (EIV) model is the proper method to treat problems where
all the data are affected by random errors. A set of efficient algorithms has been developed previously to solve the TLS problem,
and a few procedures have been proposed to treat TLS problems with linear constraints and TLS problems with a quadratic constraint.
In this contribution, a new algorithm is presented to solve TLS problems with both linear and quadratic constraints. The new
algorithm is developed using the Euler-Lagrange theorem while following an optimization process that minimizes a target function.
Two numerical examples are employed to demonstrate the use of the new approach in a geodetic setting. 相似文献
14.
An inexact double-sided fuzzy chance-constrained programming (IDFCCP) method was developed in this study and applied to an agricultural effluent control management problem. IDFCCP was formulated through incorporating interval linear programming (ILP) into a double-sided fuzzy chance-constrained programming (DFCCP) framework, and could be used to deal with uncertainties expressed as not only possibility distributions associated with both left- and right-hand-side components of constraints but also discrete intervals in the objective function. The study results indicated that IDFCCP allowed violation of system constraints at specified confidence levels, where each confidence level consisted of two reliability scenarios. This could lead to model solutions with high system benefits under acceptable risk magnitudes. Furthermore, the introduction of ILP allowed uncertain information presented as discrete intervals to be communicated into the optimization process, such that a variety of decision alternatives can be generated by adjusting the decision-variable values within their intervals. The proposed model could help decision makers establish various production patterns with cost-effective water quality management schemes under complex uncertainties, and gain in-depth insights into the trade-offs between system economy and reliability. 相似文献
15.
地磁测深研究的周期范围通常为10~5~10~7s,缺少反映浅部电性结构的短周期信息,而C-响应受浅部电阻率影响明显,因此本文提出在反演中增加浅部(约200 km)电阻率约束以提高深部反演的稳定性和可靠性.在磁层环状电流满足P_1~0假设的条件下,球坐标系中一维导电薄球层状地球的C-响应和电导率分布关系由边界条件通过递推的方法计算得到.反演采用有限内存拟牛顿(L-BFGS)法;浅部电阻率约束通过将目标函数对模型参数的梯度设为零来实现;通过置信区间分析评价约束反演结果的可靠性.合成数据的无约束反演虽然最终的拟合效果很好,但浅部电阻率受初始模型影响,差异较大;采用浅部约束后,反演结果对初始模型依赖性明显减小,同时还能显著提高200~600 km范围内反演结果的准确性.对全球近地轨道卫星观测的C-响应数据约束反演后结果与前人一致,表现为地幔电导率整体上随着深度的增加而增加.参数置信区间分析表明,由于约束反演加入了浅部信息,电阻率的变化范围更加紧致,说明反演结果更加可靠.因此,有必要通过其他地球物理方法,如长周期大地电磁测深等获得浅部电阻率分布,作为先验信息参加反演,进行浅部约束的C-响应反演,获得更可靠的一维全深度电性结构,为地磁测深数据解释奠定基础. 相似文献
16.
最优化测井解释方法能充分利用各种测井资料及地质信息,可以有效地评价复杂岩性油气藏.优化算法的选择是最优化测井解释方法的关键,影响着测井解释结果的准确性.细菌觅食算法(BFA)是新兴的一种智能优化算法,具有较强的全局搜索能力,但在寻优后期收敛速度较慢.复合形算法(CM)局部搜索能力极强,将其与BFA算法相结合构成BFA-CM混合算法,既提高了搜索精度又提高了搜索效率.利用BFA-CM最优化测井解释方法对苏里格致密砂岩储层实际资料进行了处理,计算结果与岩心及薄片分析资料吻合得很好. 相似文献
17.
The anisotropy of the land surface can be best described by the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). As
the field of multiangular remote sensing advances, it is increasingly probable that BRDF models can be inverted to estimate
the important biological or climatological parameters of the earth surface such as leaf area index and albedo. The state-of-the-art
of BRDF is the use of the linear kernel-driven models, mathematically described as the linear combination of the isotropic
kernel, volume scattering kernel and geometric optics kernel. The computational stability is characterized by the algebraic
operator spectrum of the kernel-matrix and the observation errors. Therefore, the retrieval of the model coefficients is of
great importance for computation of the land surface albedos. We first consider the smoothing solution method of the kernel-driven
BRDF models for retrieval of land surface albedos. This is known as an ill-posed inverse problem. The ill-posedness arises
from that the linear kernel driven BRDF model is usually underdetermined if there are too few looks or poor directional ranges,
or the observations are highly dependent. For example, a single angular observation may lead to an under-determined system
whose solution is infinite (the null space of the kernel operator contains nonzero vectors) or no solution (the rank of the
coefficient matrix is not equal to the augmented matrix). Therefore, some smoothing or regularization technique should be
applied to suppress the ill-posedness. So far, least squares error methods with a priori knowledge, QR decomposition method for inversion of the BRDF model and regularization theories for ill-posed inversion were
developed. In this paper, we emphasize on imposing a priori information in different spaces. We first propose a general a priori imposed regularization model problem, and then address two forms of regularization scheme. The first one is a regularized
singular value decomposition method, and then we propose a retrieval method in I
1 space. We show that the proposed method is suitable for solving land surface parameter retrieval problem if the sampling
data are poor. Numerical experiments are also given to show the efficiency of the proposed methods.
Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10501051, 10871191), and Key Project of Chinese National
Programs for Fundamental Research and Development (Grant Nos. 2007CB714400, 2005CB422104) 相似文献
18.
Planning of municipal solid waste management systems under dual uncertainties: a hybrid interval stochastic programming approach 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
G. H. Cheng G. H. Huang Y. P. Li M. F. Cao Y. R. Fan 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2009,23(6):707-720
In this study, a random-boundary-interval linear programming (RBILP) method is developed and applied to the planning of municipal
solid waste (MSW) management under dual uncertainties. In the RBILP model, uncertain inputs presented as interval numbers
can be directly communicated into the optimization process; besides, intervals with uncertain lower and upper bounds can be
handled through introducing the concept of random boundary interval. Consequently, robustness of the optimization process can be enhanced. To handle uncertainties with such complex presentations,
an integrated chance-constrained programming and interval-parameter linear programming approach (ICCP) is proposed. ICCP can
help analyze the reliability of satisfying (or risk of violating) system constraints under uncertainty. The applicability
of the proposed RBILP and ICCP approach is validated through a case study of MSW management. Violations for capacity constraints
are allowed under a range of significant levels. Interval solutions associated with different risk levels of constraint violation
are obtained. They can be used for generating decision alternatives and thus helping waste managers to identify desired policies
under various environmental, economic, and system-reliability constraints. 相似文献
19.
Mehrdis Danapour Michael N. Fienen Anker Lajer Højberg Karsten Høgh Jensen Simon Stisen 《Ground water》2021,59(4):503-516
Due to increasing water demands globally, freshwater ecosystems are under constant pressure. Groundwater resources, as the main source of accessible freshwater, are crucially important for irrigation worldwide. Over-abstraction of groundwater leads to declines in groundwater levels; consequently, the groundwater inflow to streams decreases. The reduction in baseflow and alteration of the streamflow regime can potentially have an adverse effect on groundwater-dependent ecosystems. A spatially distributed, coupled groundwater–surface water model can simulate the impacts of groundwater abstraction on aquatic ecosystems. A constrained optimization algorithm and a simulation model in combination can provide an objective tool for the water practitioner to evaluate the interplay between economic benefits of groundwater abstractions and requirements to environmental flow. In this study, a holistic catchment-scale groundwater abstraction optimization framework has been developed that allows for a spatially explicit optimization of groundwater abstraction, while fulfilling a predefined maximum allowed reduction of streamflow (baseflow [Q95] or median flow [Q50]) as constraint criteria for 1484 stream locations across the catchment. A balanced K-Means clustering method was implemented to reduce the computational burden of the optimization. The model parameters and observation uncertainties calculated based on Bayesian linear theory allow for a risk assessment on the optimized groundwater abstraction values. The results from different optimization scenarios indicated that using the linear programming optimization algorithm in conjunction with integrated models provides valuable information for guiding the water practitioners in designing an effective groundwater abstraction plan with the consideration of environmental flow criteria important for the ecological status of the entire system. 相似文献
20.
Exact representation of unbounded soil contains the single output–single input relationship between force and displacement in the physical or transformed space. This relationship is a global convolution integral in the time domain. Rational approximation to its frequency response function (frequency‐domain convolution kernel) in the frequency domain, which is then realized into the time domain as a lumped‐parameter model or recursive formula, is an effective method to obtain the temporally local representation of unbounded soil. Stability and identification for the rational approximation are studied in this paper. A necessary and sufficient stability condition is presented based on the stability theory of linear system. A parameter identification method is further developed by directly solving a nonlinear least‐squares fitting problem using the hybrid genetic‐simplex optimization algorithm, in which the proposed stability condition as constraint is enforced by the penalty function method. The stability is thus guaranteed a priori. The infrequent and undesirable resonance phenomenon in stable system is also discussed. The proposed stability condition and identification method are verified by several dynamic soil–structure‐interaction examples. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献