共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Predominantly in the context of Japan GMS-derived TBB data,study is undertaken of the relationship between the winter thermal conditions of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau(QXP)and anomaly in Asian-Australian monsoons during northern summer.Evidence suggests that anti-correlation of cold air activity of East Asia with that of Mid Asia is responsible for the counterpart of the ground thermal characteristics anomaly on an interannual basis between the SW and NEQXP;the winter thermal pattern bears a closer correlativity with the subsequent summertime Asian-Australian monsoons anomaly;as the thermal distribution is reversed,so are the convection features over North and South China,maritime continent,the NW and SW Pacific at tropical and equatorial latitudes,resulting in vast difference between East-Asian summer and Indonesian-North Australian winter monsoons;the subtropical monsoon-associated rainbelt over the mid-lower Changjiang basins exhibits the discrepancy in vigor and northerly shift timing.Besides,part of the results has been further borne out through analysis of temperature and precipitation records of the eastern portion of the country in monsoon climate. 相似文献
2.
青藏高原冬春积雪异常与中国东部地区夏季降水关系的进一步分析 总被引：30，自引：0，他引：30
为了进一步分析青藏高原(下称高原)冬春积雪异常与中国东部地区夏季降水的关系,利用1957～1994年高原地区的实测雪深、1951～1994年6～8月中国东部地区226个均匀分布测站的实测月降水量,以及美国国家环境监测中心/国家大气研究中心(NCEP/NCAR)1958～1994年1～12月的再分析格点值资料,对比分析了高原冬、春季多、少雪年后期中国东部地区夏季(6～8月)降水分布和环流的平均特征,也分析了高原积雪影响的机理.分析结果表明:1) 平均来说,多雪年夏季长江及江南北部降水可偏多1～2成,华北和华南的降水则偏少1～3成;少雪年夏季江淮流域及湘、黔地区少雨,华北和华南多雨.2)高原冬、春积雪不仅影响了后期高原的热状况,而且影响了后期东亚大气环流的季节变化和南亚与东亚的夏季风环流. 相似文献
3.
青藏高原大气热量源汇年际变化青藏高原大气热量源汇年际变化 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
本文使用1961～1995年逐月青藏高原地区大气视热量源汇＜Ql＞资料、1961～1990年青藏高原地区积雪日数和积雪深度资料、美国NCEP／NCAR的再分析资料以及1975～1994年全球OLR资料，讨论了高原大气热状况年际变化及其与大气环流的关系，发现：高原地区大气热源年际变化明显，其中春季和秋季高原地区＜Ql＞的变率最大，并且水平分布很不均匀；当冬季高原冷源弱(或强)时，东亚大槽位置偏东(或西)，对应着东亚强(或弱)的冬季风；夏季高原热源强(或弱)的年份，在高原及其邻近地区的对流层中、低层为偏差气旋环流(或反气旋环流)，在中国长江流域低层为异常的西南风(或东北风)，对应着东亚强(或弱)的夏季风，夏季高原热源强度还与南亚高压的强度和位置有关；春季4月的积雪状况与夏季高原大气热源强度有明显关系；夏季高原热源与同期青藏高原东南部、孟加拉湾、中南半岛、东南亚、中国西南部、长江流域和从黄海到到日本海一带对流有明显正相关 相似文献
4.
青藏高原大气热量源汇年际变化及其与大气环流的关系(英文) 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
本文使用１９６１～１９９５年逐月青藏高原地区大气机热量源汇＜Ｑ１＞资料、１９６１～１９９０年青藏高原地区积雪日数和积雪深度资料、美国ＮＣＥＰ／ ＮＣＡＲ的再分析资料以及１９７５～１９９４年全球ＯＬＲ资料，讨论了高原大气热状况年际变化及其与大气环流的关系，发现：高原地区大气热源年际变化明显，其中春季和秋季高原地区＜Ｑ１＞的变率最大，并且水平分布很不均匀；当冬季高原冷源弱（或强）时，东亚大槽位置偏东（或西），对应着东亚强（或弱）的冬季风；夏季高原热源强（或弱）的年份，在高原及其邻近地区的对流层中、低层为偏差气旋环流（或反气旋环流），在中国长江流域低层为异常的西南风（或东北风），对应着东亚强（或弱）的夏季风，夏季高原热源强度还与南亚高压的强度和位置有关；春季４月的积雪状况与夏季高原大气热源强度有明显关系；夏季高原热源与同期青藏高原东南部、孟加拉湾、中南半岛、东南亚、中国西南部、长江流域和从黄海到到日本海一带对流有明显正相关。 相似文献
5.
Based on TBB data from Meteorological Institute Research of Japan, study is carried out of the features of seasonal transition of Asian-Australian monsoons and Asian summer monsoon establishment,indicating that the transition begins as early as in April, followed by abrupt change in May-June; the Asian summer monsoon situation is fully established in June. The winter convective center in Sumatra moved steadily northwestward across the "land bridge" of the maritime continent and the Indo-China Peninsula as time goes from winter to summer, thus giving rise to the change in large scale circulations that is responsible for the summer monsoon establishment over SE Asia and India; the South China Sea to the western Pacific summer monsoon onset bears a close relation to the active convection in the Indo China Peninsula and steady eastward retreat of the subtropical TBB high-value band,corresponding to the western Pacific subtropical high. 相似文献
6.
TBB资料揭示的亚澳季风区季节转换及亚洲夏季风建立的特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
发展了一个用于台风路径预报的初始场人造台风方案。该方案除包含对称台风环流外,也考虑了非对称风的作用。使用双向移动套网格模式作的试验预报结果表明,初始场中引入人造台风后能明显提高径预报的水平。 相似文献
7.
青藏高原隆升对春、夏季亚洲大气环流的影响 总被引：28，自引：18，他引：10
利用全球大气环流谱模式R42L9,进行了有、无青藏高原大地形两种情况的10年积分,通过两个试验结果的比较,研究了青藏高原大地形对春、夏亚洲大气环流的影响。模拟结果表明：春季,青藏高原大地形对低层西风的阻挡引起了绕流,其北支气流加强了北方冷空气在高原东侧的南下;同时,作为一个弱热源,它的热力作用加强了高原南侧的南支西风气流,为华南地区输送了大量的暖湿空气。冷暖空气的交汇,加强了华南地区春季的降水。夏季,青藏高原强热源的存在,引起的低层气旋性环流,加强了青藏高原东侧的东亚夏季风,使其向北发展。盛夏,青藏高原“感热气泵（SHAP）”在南亚地区上空低层造成了负涡度和辐散异常,使南亚地区的夏季降水减少,南亚夏季风减弱;在对流层上层高原上宅形成负涡源,并通过遥相关加强了伊朗高压。 相似文献
8.
The authors investigate monsoon change in East Asia in the 21st century under the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A1B scenario using the results of a regional climate model, RegCM3, with a high horizontal resolution. First, the authors evaluate the model’s performance compared with NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data, showing that the model can reliably reproduce the basic climatology of both winter and summer monsoons over East Asia. Next, it is found that the winter monsoon in East Asia would slightly weaken in the 21st century with spatial differences. Over northern East China, anomalous southerly winds would dominate in the mid-and late-21st century because the zonal land-sea thermal contrast is expected to become smaller, due to a stronger warming trend over land than over ocean. However, the intensity of the summer monsoon in East Asia shows a statistically significant upward trend over this century because the zonal land-sea thermal contrast between East Asia and the western North Pacific would become larger, which, in turn, would lead to larger sea level pressure gradients throughout East Asia and extending to the adjacent ocean. 相似文献
9.
Interannual and decadal variations of snow cover over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and their relationships to summer monsoon rainfall in China 总被引：15，自引：4，他引：11
Interannual and decadal variations of winter snow cover over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (QXP) are analyzed by using monthly mean snow depth data set of 60 stations over QXP for the period of 1958 through 1992. It is found that the winter snow cover over QXP bears a pronounced quasi-biennial oscillation, and it underwent an obvious decadal transition from a poor snow cover period to a rich snow cover period in the late 1970’s during the last 40 years.It is shown that the summer rainfall in the eastern China is closely associated with the winter snow cover over QXP not only in the interannual variation but also in the decadal variation. A clear relationship exists in the quasi-biennial oscillation between the summer rainfall in the northern part of North China and the southern China and the winter snow cover over QXP. Furthermore, the summer rainfall in the four climate divisions of Qinling-Daba Mountains, the Yangtze-Huaihe River Plain, the upper and lower reaches of the Yangtze River showed a remarkable transition from drought period to rainy period in the end of 1970’s, in good correspondence with the decadal transition of the winter snow cover over QXP. 相似文献
10.
STUDY ON CLIMATIC FEATURES OF SURFACE TURBULENT HEAT EXCHANGE COEFFICIENTS AND SURFACE THERMAL SOURCES OVER THE QINGHAI-XIZANG PLATEAU 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 Using monthly mean of surface turbulent heat exchange coefficients calculated based on datafrom four automatic weather stations(AWS)for thermal equilibrium observation in July 1993—September 1996 and of surface conventional measurements,an empirical expression is establishedfor such coefficients.With the expression,the heat exchange coefficients and the components ofsurface thermal source are computed in terms of 1961—1990 monthly mean conventional data from148 stations over the Qinghai-Xizang(Tibetan)Plateau(QXP)and its adjoining areas,and the1961—1990 climatic means are examined.Evidence suggests that the empirical expression is capable of showing the variation of the heatexchange coefficient in a climatic context.The monthly variation of the coefficients averaged overthe QXP is in a range of 4×10~(-3)-5×10~(-3).The wintertime values are bigger in the mountainsthan in the valleys and reversal in summer.Surface effective radiation and sensible heat are thedominant factors of surface total heat.In spring surface sensible heat is enhanced quickly,resulting in two innegligible regions of sensible heat,one in the west QXP and the other innorthern Tibet.with their maximums emerging in different months.In spring and summersensible heat and surface effective radiation are higher in the west than in the east.The effectiveradiation peaks for the east in October—December and the whole QXP and in June and October forthe west.The surface total heat of the plateau maximizes in May.minimizes in December andJanuary,and shows seasonal variation more remarkable in the SW compared to the eastern part.Inthe SW plateau the total heat is much more intense than the eastern counterpart in all the seasonsexcept winter.Under the effect of the sensible heat,the total heat on the SW plateau starts toconsiderably intensify in February,which leads to a predominant heating region in the west,withits center experiencing a noticeable westward migration early in summer and twice pronouncedweakening in July and after October.However,the weakening courses are owing to differentcauses.The total heat over the north of QXP is greatly strengthened in March.thus generatinganother significant thermal region in the plateau. 相似文献
11.
利用海气耦合和大气气候模式研究东亚冬季风异常对夏季环流的影响, 结果表明, 东亚冬季风异常对于后期环流及海洋状态异常都起了很大的作用.一般情况下, 强的冬季风与后期弱的东亚夏季风和较强的南海季风相对应.与强(弱)冬季风异常相关的风应力的改变可以使热带太平洋海温从冬季至夏季呈现La Nina (El Nio)型异常分布.试验得到的由冬季风异常所产生的海洋及夏季环流的变化与实况是相当接近的.在异常的冬季风偏北风分量强迫下, 西太平洋上形成的偏差气旋环流在夏季已不存在, 这时东亚夏季风反而增强.而冬季赤道西风分量所产生的影响, 则在西太平洋上形成显著的偏差气旋环流, 使东亚副热带夏季风减弱, 南海夏季风加强.对于东亚大气环流而言, 与强弱冬季风对应的热带海洋海温异常强迫下, 不仅是冬季, 后期春季和夏季环流的特征都能得到很好的模拟.但是从分区看, 西太平洋暖池区的海温异常比东太平洋更为重要.单纯的热带中东太平洋的海温异常对东亚大气环流的影响主要表现在冬季, 对后期的影响并不十分清楚.整个热带海洋的异常型分布(不论是El Nio还是La Nia)型, 对冬夏季风的影响是重要的, 而单纯的某个地区的海温异常都比它的整体影响要小.从试验结果看, 海温在大尺度冬夏季环流的隔季相关中起了十分重要的作用. 相似文献
12.
基于1979-2017年美国国家海洋和大气管理局(NOAA)提供的海表温度资料和美国国家环境预测中心(NCEP)/美国国家大气研究中心(NCAR)提供的大气环流再分析资料以及青藏高原地区149个站点观测资料计算的地表感热通量和新疆气象信息中心提供的全疆81站逐月降水资料等,研究了5月青藏高原和热带印度洋加热对新疆夏季降... 相似文献
13.
With the EOF of reanalysis data being analyzed, a northern-
southern dipole is found in the upper troposphere geopotential height
field of over the Asian-Australian monsoon region in the winter of the
Northern Hemisphere (NH), which is defined as Asian-Australian dipole
(AAD) in this study. Its intensity index is defined as AADI.
Correlation and synthetic analysis illustrate that AADI is closely
related to the weather and climate of Asian-Australian region in boreal
winter. The index can reflect the simultaneous anomalies of temperature
and precipitation on interannual and decadal scales in the boreal
winter of Asian-Australian region. The superposition of the decadal and
interannual signals is significant for the relationship between the
AADI and climate change. The index can be used as an indicator of
intensity of the Asian-Australian monsoon. In the years of strong AADI,
the East Asia major deep trough is stronger, the Subtropical High is
weaker and the Alaska ridge and the westerly jet are stronger than
those in normal years. Enhanced meridional circulation between high and
low latitudes exists in the years of strong AADI. These relationships
reflect the intrinsic link between the anomalies in the upper
troposphere geopotential height and climate in the Asian-Australian
region. 相似文献
14.
欧亚和青藏高原冬春季积雪与我国夏季降水关系的分析和预测应用 总被引：56，自引：18，他引：38
通过高原积雪和欧亚积雪与我国夏季降水的相关分析和统计检验,表明冬春季雪盖对我国夏季旱涝有重要的影响,虽然冬季和春季雪盖与我国夏季降水的相关分布存在差异,总趋势大致相仿。但是,冬春季高原积雪和欧 亚积雪与我国夏季降水的相关分布基本是相反的,其中高原积雪与长江中下游和西北东部地区夏季降水为正相关,欧亚积雪与东北和华北东部以及西南地区降水为正相关冬季节积雪异常偏多时,长江流域夏季易发生洪涝,这也是汛期降 相似文献
15.
16.
Precession-related forcing of seasonal insolation changes in the northern hemisphere (NH) alternates between maximum NH seasonality (summer perihelion–increased insolation; winter aphelion–decreased insolation) and minimum NH seasonality (summer aphelion, and winter perihelion). With maximum NH seasonality, climate models simulate stronger NH summer monsoons that bring increased precipitation to North Africa and South and East Asia, in agreement with the in-phase relation of precipitation and NH summer insolation found in many paleoclimatic records. However paleoclimatic records in parts of the Mediterranean, the Middle East, and the interior of Asia also indicate increased moisture at times of maximum NH seasonality, a change not always clearly linked to stronger summer monsoons—either because these regions are at or beyond the boundaries of the present-day monsoon or because the observations allow multiple causal interpretations, or both. This study focuses on the possible role of changes in NH winter climate in explaining these wetter episodes. Using climate model simulations, we show that the ‘NH winter aphelion–decreased NH winter insolation’ orbital configuration is linked to the Mediterranean storm track and increased winter rains in the Mediterranean, the Middle East, and interior Asia. We conclude that wetter periods at precession time scales in these particular regions may have resulted either from increased wintertime storm track precipitation, or from a combination of increased winter and summer rainfall. Given this seasonal ambiguity, both possibilities need to be considered. 相似文献
17.
Effects of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) plateau on the circulation features over the plateau and its surrounding areas 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Ding Yihui 《大气科学进展》1992,9(1):112-130
Areview of the effects of the Tibetan Plateau on circulation features over the plateau and its surrounding areas has been made, with a special emphasis upon the monsoon circulations in South Asia and East Asia. This includes estimates of heat sources, dynamic and thermal effects of the plateau, and effects of the plateau on summer and winter monsoons. Major progresses made in this aspect by Chinese meteorologists have been specifically described and are compared with the achievements made by the meteorologists of other countries. 相似文献
18.
利用地球系统模式（CESM）开展过去2000 年气候模拟试验,在利用观测资料、再分析资料对模拟资料进行检验的基础上,探讨百年时间尺度上亚澳夏季风降水的时、空变化特征及其成因,对于认识百年尺度气候变化规律、定量区分自然因子和人类活动对亚澳夏季风的影响具有重要意义。结果表明:过去2000 年亚澳夏季风降水和温度的波动较为一致,暖期降水多,冷期降水少。两者相关系数为0.83,达到99%置信度。此外,亚澳夏季风降水存在105、130、180 a的百年尺度周期。亚澳夏季风降水经验正交函数分解第一模态在印度洋北部呈南北反向的分布型态,在东亚地区呈负、正、负的分布型态;第二模态在印度洋北部呈正、负、正的分布型态,在东亚地区呈全区一致型的分布型态。经验正交函数分解第一特征向量和第二特征向量的正、负值中心大多出现在印度洋北部地区,南北呈不对称分布。亚澳夏季风降水的105 a周期主要受火山活动和土地利用/覆盖的影响,130 a周期主要受太阳辐射、气候系统内部变率的影响,180 a周期主要受火山活动的影响。从经验正交函数分解第一特征向量来看,整个亚澳夏季风降水主要受土地利用/覆盖、太阳辐射的影响;第二特征向量表明亚澳夏季风降水在百年际空间变化上主要受太阳辐射和气候系统内部变率的影响;第三特征向量表明亚澳夏季风降水在百年际空间变化上主要受气候系统内部变率和温室气体的影响。该研究对揭示百年际时间尺度气候变化特征、辨识影响气候变化的自然因素与人为因素、理解其影响气候的物理机制等具有重要意义,也为应对该区域气候变化提供了参考依据。 相似文献
19.
通过分析中国160站1952—2013年的月平均降水观测资料,揭示了长江中下游地区冬季和夏季降水间存在显著的韵律现象,即当该地区冬季降水异常偏少(偏多)时,次年夏季降水也趋于异常偏少(偏多),这里称之为干(湿)韵律现象。对干、湿韵律年大气环流背景的分析结果显示,干韵律年和湿韵律年对应的环流形势基本相反:在干(湿)韵律年冬季,东亚地区500 hPa位势高度距平呈现西高东低(东高西低)的分布型,中国南方东部主要受偏北(南)风异常控制,这不利(有利)于低纬度暖湿气流向长江中下游地区输送,导致该地区冬季降水异常偏少(多);在次年夏季,西北太平洋副热带高压异常偏弱(强),不利(有利)于西南暖湿气流向中国东部地区输送,使得长江中下游地区夏季降水也异常偏少(多)。研究进一步指出,长江中下游地区的冬夏干、湿韵律现象与东亚冬夏季风活动的强度密切相关。干、湿韵律现象多在东亚冬夏季风强度变化一致的情况下出现:冬、夏季风一致偏强时多导致干韵律现象,而一致偏弱时易导致湿韵律现象。 相似文献
20.
1997/1998年冬季青藏高原大部地区积雪异常偏多，出现了历史上罕见的严重雪灾。作者在回顾关于青藏高原雪盖与中国季风雨关系的基础上，分析了1998年夏季各月中国东部降水分布和主要雨带移动的特点，并与青藏高原多雪年夏季我国主要雨带活动的统计特征进行对比分析，探讨了1998年夏季长江流域洪涝的成因。结果表明，1998年夏季降水的一些重要特征:如6月强降雨出现在湖南、江西、浙江一线，7月二度梅发生在湖南北部、湖北南部、江西北部一带，8月长江上游、汉水流域和黄淮地区降水频繁，以及夏季我国主要雨带北移明显推迟，都与多雪年的情况非常相似。突出地反映了1998年夏季长江流域洪涝的发生，前期冬季青藏高原出现的积雪异常起着重要的作用。多雪年夏季西太平洋副热带高压北移也明显偏迟，致使中国主要雨带持续偏南，造成长江流域降水异常偏多。另外，分析表明，它还与1997年强厄尔尼诺的共同作用有密切关系。 相似文献