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1.
Olivinites of the Krestovskaya Intrusion consist of predominant amount of olivine, and minor Ti-magnetite, perovskite, and clinopyroxene (from single grain to a few vol %). Primary crystallized melt inclusions were found and studied in olivine, perovskite, and diopside of the olivinites. Daughter phases in olivine-hosted melt inclusions are monticellite, perovskite, kalsilite, phlogopite, magnetite, apatite, and garnet andradite. Perovskite-hosted melt inclusions contain such daughter phases as kalsilite, pectolite, clinopyroxene, biotite, magnetite, and apatite, while daughter phases in clinopyroxene-hosted melt inclusions are represented by kalsilite, phlogopite, magnetite, and apatite. According to melt inclusion heating experiments, olivine crystallized from above 1230°C to 1180°C. It was followed by perovskite crystallizing at ≥1200°C and clinopyroxene, at 1170°C. According to analysis of quenched glass of the melt inclusions, the chemical composition of melts hosted in the minerals corresponds to the larnite-normative alkali ultramafic (kamafugite) magma significantly enriched in incompatible elements. The high incompatible element concentrations, its distribution, and geochemical indicator ratios evidenced that the magma was derived by the partial melting of garnet-bearing undepleted mantle.  相似文献   

2.
In this paper we describe the mineralogy and geochemistry of basanites and melt inclusions in minerals from the Tergesh pipe, northern Minusinsk Depression. The rocks are composed of olivine and clinopyroxene phenocrysts and a groundmass of olivine, clinopyroxene, titanomagnetite, plagioclase, apatite, ilmenite, and glass. Melt inclusions were found only in the olivine and clinopyroxene phenocrysts. Primary melt inclusions in olivine contain glass, rh?nite, clinopyroxene, a sulfide globule, and low-density fluid. The phase composition of melt inclusions in clinopyroxene is glass + low-density fluid ± xenogenous magnetite. According to thermometric investigations, the olivine phenocrysts began crystallizing at T = 1280–1320°C and P > 3.5 kbar, whereas groundmass minerals were formed under near-surface conditions at T ≤ 1200°C. The oxygen fugacity gradually changed during basanite crystallization from oxidizing (NNO) to more reducing conditions (QFM). The investigation of glass compositions (heated and unheated inclusions in phenocrysts and groundmass) showed that the evolution of a basanite melt during its crystallization included mainly an increase in SiO2, Al2O3, and alkalis, while a decrease in femic components, and the melt composition moved gradually toward tephriphonolite and trachyandesite. Geochemical evidence suggests that the primary basanite melt was derived from a mantle source affected by differentiation. Original Russian Text ? T.Yu. Timina, V.V. Sharygin, A.V. Golovin, 2006, published in Geokhimiya, 2006, No. 8, pp. 814–833.  相似文献   

3.
This paper presents a study of melt and fluid inclusions in minerals of an olivine-leucite phonolitic nephelinite bomb from the Monticchio Lake Formation, Vulture. The rock contains 50 vol.% clinopyroxene, 12% leucite, 10% alkali feldspars, 8% hauyne/sodalite, 7.5% nepheline, 4.5% apatite, 3.2% olivine, 2% opaques, 2.6% plagioclase, and < 1% amphibole. We distinguished three generations of clinopyroxene differing in composition and morphology. All the phenocrysts bear primary and secondary melt and fluid inclusions, which recorded successive stages of melt evolution. The most primitive melts were found in the most magnesian olivine and the earliest clinopyroxene phenocrysts. The melts are near primary mantle liquids and are rich in Ca, Mg and incompatible and volatile elements. Thermometric experiments with the melt inclusions suggested that melt crystallization began at temperatures of about 1200 °C. Because of the partial leakage of all primary fluid inclusions, the pressure of crystallization is constrained only to minimum of 3.5 kbar. Combined silicate–carbonate melt inclusions were found in apatite phenocrysts. They are indicative of carbonate–silicate liquid immiscibility, which occurred during magma evolution. Large hydrous secondary melt inclusions were found in olivine and clinopyroxene. The inclusions in the phenocrysts recorded an open-system magma evolution during its rise towards the surface including crystallization, degassing, oxidation, and liquid immiscibility processes.  相似文献   

4.
The chemical compositions of melt inclusions in a primitive and an evolved basalt recovered from the mid-Atlantic ridge south of the Kane Fracture Zone (23°–24°N) are determined. The melt inclusions are primitive in composition (0.633–0.747 molar Mg/(Mg+Fe2+), 1.01–0.68 wt% TiO2) and are comparable to other proposed parental magmas except in having higher Al2O3 and lower CaO. The primitive melt inclusion compositions indicate that the most primitive magmas erupted in this region are not near primary magma compositions. Olivine and plagioclase microphenocrysts are close to exchange equilibrium with their respective basalt glasses, whose compositions are displaced toward olivine from 1 atm three phase saturation. The most primitive melt inclusion compositions are close to exchange equilibrium with the anorthitic cores of zoned plagioclases (An78.3-An83.1; the hosts for the melt inclusions in plagioclase) and with olivines more forsteritic (Fo89-Fo91) than the olivine microphenocrysts (the hosts for the melt inclusions in olivine). Xenocrystic olivine analyzed is Fo89 but contains no melt inclusions. These observations indicate that olivines have exchanged components with the melt after melt inclusion entrapment, whereas plagioclase compositions have remained the same since melt inclusion entrapment. Common denominator element ratio diagrams and oxide versus oxide variation diagrams show that the melt inclusion compositions, which represent liquids higher along the liquid line of descent, are related to the glass compositions by the fractionation of olivine, plagioclase and clinopyroxene (absent from the mincral assemblage), probably occurring at elevated pressures. A model is proposed whereby clinopyroxene segregates from the melt at elevated pressures (to account for its absence in the erupted lavas that have the chemical imprint of clinopyroxene fractionation). Zoned plagioclases in the erupted lavas are thought to be survivors of decompressional melting during magma ascent. Since similar primitive melt inclusions occur in olivine microphenocrysts and in the cores of zoned plagioclases, any model must account for all phases present.  相似文献   

5.
Summary Melt inclusions in olivine and apatite, and REE distribution of apatite were studied in one of the least differentiated members of the oldest alkaline succession of Mt. Etna. Apatite occurs both as microphenocrysts and as inclusions in olivine crystals, even in the most Mg-rich ones (Fo82). In addition phenocrysts and groundmass are composed of plagioclase, clinopyroxene, olivine and magnetite. Apatite is fluor-apatite, with rather homogeneous major element (measured by electron microprobe, EMP) and REE (measured by laser-ablation microprobe, LAM, and by secondary ion mass spectrometer, SIMS) contents. REE are enriched when compared to the whole rock, with contents in olivine-hosted apatite lower than or the same as those of the microphenocryst cores; these in turn show lower REE values than their edges. Distribution coefficients, calculated from LAM data of microphenocryst edges and whole rock analyses, are higher for LREE (8–12) than for HREE (5–4). In the SiO2 vs. P2O5 diagram melt inclusions and whole rock samples define a trend that is consistent with continuous apatite extraction from a “high P” basalt magma. Finally, whole rock data show LREE/HREE (La/Lu)n enrichment ratios from hawaiites to mugearites (=1.14), consistent with apatite fractionation, lower than those documented for lavas of the “low P” type (enrichment ratio = 1.34–1.37), where conditions for apatite saturation were not established. Received January 2, 2000; revised version accepted April 2, 2001  相似文献   

6.
玄武岩斑晶中熔体包裹体成分特征可以推断玄武岩源区物质组成,反映岩浆形成演化过程。利用LA—ICPMS对四合屯义县组玄武岩橄榄石、单斜辉石斑晶中单个熔体包裹体的元素组成进行了分析测试。研究结果表明,橄榄石、单斜辉石斑晶中的熔体包裹体在主、微量元素含量上表现出了比全岩更大的变化范围,但微量元素分配特征总体和全岩一致。单斜辉石斑晶中包裹体的CaO含量、CaO／Al2O3比值和Cr2O3含量随着单斜辉石Mg#值的降低而降低,反映了单斜辉石结晶分离的影响,Al2O3与Sr之间的显著相关关系则记录了斜长石结晶分离作用的影响,MgO—Ni和MgO—CaO／Al2O3的变化则反映了橄榄石的分离结晶作用。包裹体元素组成变化总体受橄榄石、单斜辉石和斜长石的结晶分离作用控制。结合前人研究成果,认为四合屯玄武岩在微量元素和同位素组成上的壳源组分特征可能部分地继承自原岩（即橄榄岩＋榴辉岩部分熔融体反应形成的（橄榄）辉石岩）,而不是岩浆上升过程中受地壳岩石混染的结果。高Mg#值单斜辉石斑晶中少量高Mg馆、高Si含量,低CaO、TiO2、Al2O3和微量元素含量的熔体包裹体反映玄武岩浆上升过程中受到了S1质岩石的混染,这与义县组玄武岩下伏地层为长城系大红裕组石英岩、石英砂岩的地质特征一致。因此,高Fo橄榄石斑晶中的熔体包裹体比采用向全岩中简单添加橄榄石方式计算出的原始熔体可能更能真实反映原始熔体组成。  相似文献   

7.
Compositional relations among natural glasses in basalts recovered by Legs 45 and 46 (DSDP) provide powerful constraints on their differentiation histories. Residual glass compositions in the moderately evolved aphyric and abundantly phyric basalts within each site demonstrate that none of the units is mutually related to any other or to a common parent by simple fractional crystallization. At Site 396, where clinopyroxene phenocrysts are absent, progressively more evolved liquids (lower Mg/ (Mg+Fe) and higher TiO2) are characterized by lower calcium-aluminum ratios, which can only be generated by clinopyroxene fractionation. This paradox is amplified by some melt inclusions in olivine phenocrysts that have higher CaO/Al2O3 and lower TiO2 than any residual glasses. The occurrences of these distinctive compositions are correlated with the highly magnesian character of the host olivines (Fo90–89), and the melts are interpreted as trapped primitive liquids, parental to the more fractionated derivatives.Melt inclusions intermediate in composition between the residual glasses and the most primitive olivine melt inclusions are present in the cores of some plagioclase phenocrysts that have had a history of resorption. On the basis of a petrographic and microprobe analysis of the zoning relations in these phenocrysts, the inclusions are inferred to be melts entrapped at the time of extensive corrosion of the host crystals.Interpreted in conjunction with other mineral and geochemical data, the compositional trends in the glasses indicate that magma mixing has played a major role in the genesis of the Leg 45 and 46 basalts. The reality of mixing is demonstrated by extensive disequilibrium textures in the plagioclase phenocrysts and the presence in evolved lavas of refractory plagioclase and olivine phenocrysts bearing primitive melt inclusions. The chemical imprint of clinopyroxene fractionation despite the absence of clinopyroxene phenocrysts is believed to be accomplished by plating of gabbro on to the upper walls of the subvolcanic magma chamber as it evolves between mixing events. Repeated influxes of primitive magma batches will move the resultant hybrids alway from clinopyroxene saturation and generate olivine-plagioclase cotectic magmas. This model provides a physical buffering mechanism that accounts for the volumetric dominance of moderately evolved basalts among ocean floor tholeiites. Major and trace element models based on the combination of mixing and fractional crystallization also explain heretofore enigmatic geochemical characteristics of MORB.Lunar and Planetary Institute Contribution no. 326After August 1, 1978: Department of Geological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, USAThe Lunar and Planetary Institute is operated by the Universities Space Research Association under Contract No. NSR 09-051-001 with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration  相似文献   

8.
We describe and model a potential re-equilibration process that can affect compositions of melt inclusions in magnesian olivine phenocrysts. This process, referred to as “Fe-loss”, can operate during natural pre-eruptive cooling of host magma and results in lower FeOt and higher MgO contents within the initially trapped volume of inclusion. The extent of Fe-loss is enhanced by large temperature intervals of magma cooling before eruption. The compositions of homogenised melt inclusions in olivine phenocrysts from several subduction-related suites demonstrate that (1) Fe-loss is a common process, (2) the maximum observed degree of re-equilibration varies between suites, and (3) within a single sample, variable degrees of re-equilibration can be recorded by melt inclusions trapped in olivine phenocrysts of identical composition. Our modelling also demonstrates that the re-equilibration process is fast going to completion, in the largest inclusions in the most magnesian phenocrysts it is completed within 2 years. The results we obtained indicate that the possibility of Fe-loss must be considered when estimating compositions of parental subduction-related magmas from naturally quenched glassy melt inclusions in magnesian olivine phenocrysts. Compositions calculated from glassy inclusions affected by Fe-loss will inherit not only erroneously low FeOt contents, but also low MgO due to the inherited higher Mg##of the residual melt in re-equilibrated inclusions. We also demonstrate that due to the higher MgO contents of homogenised melt inclusions affected by Fe-loss, homogenisation temperatures achieved in heating experiments will be higher than original trapping temperatures. The extent of overheating will increase depending on the degree of re-equilibration, and can reach up to 50 °C in cases where complete re-equilibration occurs over a cooling interval of 200 °C. Received: 2 November 1998 / Accepted: 27 September 1999  相似文献   

9.
A technique is described for determining the cooling historyof olivine phenocrysts. The technique is based on the analysisof the diffusive re-equilibration of melt inclusions trappedby olivine phenocrysts during crystallization. The mechanismof re-equilibration involves diffusion of Fe from and Mg intothe initial volume of the inclusion. The technique applies toa single crystal, and thus the cooling history of differentphenocrysts in a single erupted magma can be established. Weshow that melt inclusions in high-Fo olivine phenocrysts frommantle-derived magmas are typically partially re-equilibratedwith their hosts at temperatures below trapping. Our analysisdemonstrates that at a reasonable combination of factors suchas (1) cooling interval before eruption (<350°C), (2)eruption temperatures (>1000°C), and (3) inclusion size(<70 µm in radius), partial re-equilibration of upto 85% occurs within 3–5 months, corresponding to coolingrates faster than 1–2°/day. Short residence timesof high-Fo phenocrysts suggest that if eruption does not happenwithin a few months after a primitive magma begins cooling andcrystallization, olivines that crystallize from it are unlikelyto be erupted as phenocrysts. This can be explained by efficientseparation of olivine crystals from the melt, and their rapidincorporation into the cumulate layer of the chamber. Theseresults also suggest that in most cases erupted high-Fo olivinephenocrysts retain their original composition, and thus compositionsof melt inclusions in erupted high-Fo olivine phenocrysts donot suffer changes that cannot be reversed. Short residencetimes also imply that large unzoned cores of high-Fo phenocrystscannot reflect diffusive re-equilibration of originally zonedphenocrysts. The unzoned cores are a result of fast efficientaccumulation of olivines from the crystallizing magma, i.e.olivines are separated from the magma faster than melt changesits composition. Thus, the main source of high-Fo crystals inthe erupted magmas is the cumulate layers of the magmatic system.In other words, olivine-phyric rocks represent mixtures of anevolved transporting magma (which forms the groundmass of therock) with crystals that were formed during crystallizationof more primitive melt(s). Unlike high-Fo olivine phenocrysts,the evolved magma may reside in the magmatic system for a longtime. This reconciles long magma residence times estimated fromthe compositions of rocks with short residence times of high-Foolivine phenocrysts. KEY WORDS: melt inclusions; olivine; picrites; residence time; diffusion  相似文献   

10.
Mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) from East Pacific Rise (EPR) 13°N are analysed for major and trace elements, both of which show a continuous evolving trend. Positive MgO–Al2O3 and negative MgO–Sc relationships manifest the cotectic crystallization of plagioclase and olivine, which exist with the presence of plagioclase and olivine phenocrysts and the absence of clinopyroxene phenocrysts. However, the fractionation of clinopyroxene is proven by the positive correlation of MgO and CaO. Thus, MORB samples are believed to show a “clinopyroxene paradox”. The highest magnesium-bearing MORB sample E13-3B (MgO=9.52%) is modelled for isobaric crystallization with COMAGMAT at different pressures. Observed CaO/Al2O3 ratios can be derived from E13-3B only by fractional crystallization at pressure >4 ±1 kbar, which necessitates clinopyroxene crystallization and is not consistent with cotectic crystallization of olivine plus plagioclase in the magma chamber (at pressure ~1 kbar). The initial compositions of the melt inclusions, which could represent potential parental magmas, are reconstructed by correcting for post-entrapment crystallization (PEC). The simulated crystallization of initial melt inclusions also produce observed CaO/Al2O3 ratios only at >4±1 kbar, in which clinopyroxene takes part in crystallization. It is suggested that MORB magmas have experienced clinopyroxene fractionation in the lower crust, in and below the Moho transition zone. The MORB magmas have experienced transition from clinopyroxene+plagioclase+olivine crystallization at >4±1 kbar to mainly olivine+plagioclase crystallization at <1 kbar, which contributes to the explanation of the “clinopyroxene paradox”.  相似文献   

11.
Kerimasi calciocarbonatite consists principally of calcite together with lesser apatite, magnetite, and monticellite. Calcite hosts fluid and S-bearing Na–K–Ca-carbonate inclusions. Carbonatite melt and fluid inclusions occur in apatite and magnetite, and silicate melt inclusions in magnetite. This study presents statistically significant compositional data for quenched S- and P-bearing, Ca-alkali-rich carbonatite melt inclusions in magnetite and apatite. Magnetite-hosted silicate melts are peralkaline with normative sodium-metasilicate. On the basis of our microthermometric results on apatite-hosted melt inclusions and forsterite–monticellite phase relationships, temperatures of the early stage of magma evolution are estimated to be 900–1,000°C. At this time three immiscible liquid phases coexisted: (1) a Ca-rich, P-, S- and alkali-bearing carbonatite melt, (2) a Mg- and Fe-rich, peralkaline silicate melt, and (3) a C–O–H–S-alkali fluid. During the development of coexisting carbonatite and silicate melts, the Si/Al and Mg/Fe ratio of the silicate melt decreased with contemporaneous increase in alkalis due to olivine fractionation, whereas the alkali content of the carbonatite melt increased with concomitant decrease in CaO resulting from calcite fractionation. Overall the peralkalinity of the bulk composition of the immiscible melts increased, resulting in a decrease in the size of the miscibility gap in the pseudoquaternary system studied. Inclusion data indicate the formation of a carbonatite magma that is extremely enriched in alkalis with a composition similar to that of Oldoinyo Lengai natrocarbonatite. In contrast to the bulk compositions of calciocarbonatite rocks, the melt inclusions investigated contain significant amount of alkalis (Na2O + K2O) that is at least 5–10 wt%. The compositions of carbonatite melt inclusions are considered as being better representatives of parental magma composition than those of any bulk rock.  相似文献   

12.
Melt and fluid inclusions were studied in the minerals of Cenozoic olivine melanephelinites from the Chukchi Peninsula, Russia.The rock contain several generations of olivine phenocrysts varying in composition at mg=0.88～0.77.The phenocrysts bear fluid and melt inclusions recording various stages of melt crystallization in volcanic conduits and shallow magma chambers.Primary fluid inclusions are CO_2-dominated with a density of up to O.93 g/cm~3.All fluid inclusions are partially leaked,which is indicated by haloes of tiny fluid bubbles around large fluid inclusions in minerals.Melt inclusions contain various daughter crystals,which were completely resorbed in thermometric experiments at about 1230℃.Assuming that this temperature corresponds to the entrapment conditions of the CO_2 fluid inclusions,the minimum pressure of the beginning of magma degassing is estimated as 800MPa.Variations in the compositions of homogenized silicate melt inclusions indicate that olivine was the earliest crystalline phase followed by clinopyroxene,nepheline and orthoclase.This sequence is in agreement with the mineralogy of the rocks.The melts are strongly enriched in incompatible trace elements and volatiles(in addition to CO_2,high C1,F,and S contents were detected).There are some differences between the compositions of melts trapped in minerals from different samples.Variations in SiO_2,FeO,and incompatible element contents are probably related to melt generations at various levels in a homogeneous mantle reservoir.  相似文献   

13.
Melt inclusions and fluid inclusions in the Fangcheng basalt were investigated to understand the magma evolution and fluid/melt-peridotite interaction. Primary silicate melt inclusions were trapped in clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene phenocrysts in the Fangcheng basalt. Three types of melt inclusions (silicate, carbonate, and sulfide) coexisting with fluid inclusions occur in clinopyroxene xenocrysts and clinopyroxene in clinopyroxenite xenoliths. In situ laser-ablation ICP-MS analyses of major and trace element compositions on individual melt inclusions suggest that the silicate melt inclusions in clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene phenocrysts were trapped from the same basaltic magma. The decoupling of major and trace elements in the melt inclusions indicates that the magma evolution was controlled by melt crystallization and contamination from entrapped ultramafic xenoliths. Trace element patterns of melt inclusions are similar to those of the average crust of North China Craton and Yangtze Craton, suggesting a considerable crustal contribution to the magma source. Calculated parental melt of the Fangcheng basalt has features of low MgO (5.96 wt%), high Al2O3 (16.81 wt%), Sr (1,670 ppm), Y (>35 ppm), and high Sr/Y (>40), implying that subducted crustal material was involved in the genesis of the Fangcheng basalt. The coexisting fluid and melt inclusions in clinopyroxene xenocrysts and in clinopyroxene of xenoliths record a rare melt-peridotite reaction, that is olivine + carbonatitic melt1 (rich in Ca) = clinopyroxene + melt2 ± CO2. The produced melt2 is enriched in LREE and CO2 and may fertilize the mantle significantly, which we consider to be the cause for the rapid replacement of lithospheric mantle during the Mesozoic in the region.  相似文献   

14.
 Picritic units of the Miocene shield volcanics on Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, contain olivine and clinopyroxene phenocrysts with abundant primary melt, crystal and fluid inclusions. Composition and crystallization conditions of primary magmas in equilibrium with olivine Fo90-92 were inferred from high-temperature microthermometric quench experiments, low-temperature microthermometry of fluid inclusions and simulation of the reverse path of olivine fractional crystallization based on major element composition of melt inclusions. Primary magmas parental for the Miocene shield basalts range from transitional to alkaline picrites (14.7–19.3 wt% MgO, 43.2–45.7 wt% SiO2). Crystallization of these primary magmas is believed to have occurred over the temperature range 1490–1150° C at pressures ≈5 kbar producing olivine of Fo80.6-90.2, high-Ti chrome spinel [Mg/ (Mg+Fe2+)=0.32–0.56, Cr/(Cr+Al)=0.50–0.78, 2.52–8.58 wt% TiO2], and clinopyroxene [Mg/(Mg+Fe)=0.79–0.88, Wo44.1-45.3, En43.9-48.0, Fs6.8-11.0] which appeared on the liquidus together with olivine≈Fo86. Redox conditions evolved from intermediate between the QFM and WM buffers to late-stage conditions of NNO+1 to NNO+2. The primary magmas crystallized in the presence of an essentially pure CO2 fluid. The primary magmas originated at pressures >30 kbar and temperatures of 1500–1600° C, assuming equilibrium with mantle peridotite. This implies melting of the mantle source at a depth of ≈100 km within the garnet stability field followed by migration of melts into magma reservoirs located at the boundary between the upper mantle and lower crust. The temperatures and pressures of primary magma generation suggest that the Canarian plume originated in the lower mantle at depth ≈900 km that supports the plume concept of origin of the Canary Islands. Received: 23 October 1995/Accepted: 21 February 1996  相似文献   

15.
Melt inclusions were investigated in olivine phenocrysts from the New Caledonia boninites depleted in CaO and TiO2 and enriched in SiO2 and MgO. The rocks are composed of olivine and pyroxene phenocrysts in a glassy groundmass. The olivine phenocrysts contain melt inclusions consisting of glass, a fluid vesicle, and daughter olivine and orthopyroxene crystals. The daughter minerals are completely resorbed in the melt at 1200?C1300°C, whereas the complete dissolution of the fluid phase was not attained in our heating experiments. The compositions of reheated and naturally quenched melt inclusions, as well as groundmass glasses were determined by electron microprobe analysis and secondary ion mass spectrometry. Partly homogenized melts (with gas) contain 12?C16 wt % MgO. The glasses of inclusions and groundmass are significantly different in H2O content: up to 2 wt % in the glasses of reheated inclusions, up to 4 wt % in naturally quenched inclusions, and 6?C8 wt % in groundmass glasses. A detailed investigation revealed a peculiar zoning in olivine: its Mg/(Mg + Fe) ratio increased in a zone directly adjacent to the glass of inclusions. This effect is probably related to partial water (hydrogen) loss and Fe oxidation after inclusion entrapment. The numerical modeling of such a process showed that the water loss was no higher than a few tenths of percent and could not be responsible for the considerable difference between the compositions of inclusions and groundmass glasses. It is suggested that the latter were enriched in H2O after the complete solidification of the rock owing to interaction with seawater. Based on the obtained data, the compositions of primary boninite magmas were estimated, and it was supposed that variations in melt composition were related not only to olivine and pyroxene fractionation from a single primary melt but also to different degrees and (or) depths of magma derivation.  相似文献   

16.
Melt inclusions are small portions of liquid trapped by growingcrystals during magma evolution. Recent studies of melt inclusionshave revealed a large range of unusual major and trace elementcompositions in phenocrysts from primitive mantle-derived magmaticrocks [e.g. in high-Fo olivine (Fo > 85 mol %), spinel, high-Anplagioclase]. Inclusions in phenocrysts crystallized from moreevolved magmas (e.g. olivine Fo < 85 mol %), are usuallycompositionally similar to the host lavas. This paper reviewsthe chemistry of melt inclusions in high-Fo olivine phenocrystsfocusing on those with anomalous major and trace element contentsfrom mid-ocean ridge and subduction-related basalts. We suggestthat a significant portion of the anomalous inclusion compositionsreflects localized, grain-scale dissolution–reaction–mixing(DRM) processes within the magmatic plumbing system. The DRMprocesses occur at the margins of primitive magma bodies, wheremagma is in contact with cooler wall rocks and/or pre-existingsemi-solidified crystal mush zones (depending on the specificenvironment). Injection of hotter, more primitive magma causespartial dissolution (incongruent melting) of the mush-zone phases,which are not in equilibrium with the primitive melt, and mixingof the reaction products with the primitive magma. Localizedrapid crystallization of high-Fo olivines from the primitivemagma may lead to entrapment of numerous large melt inclusions,which record the DRM processes in progress. In some magmaticsuites melt inclusions in primitive phenocrysts may be naturallybiased towards the anomalous compositions. The occurrence ofmelt inclusions with unusual compositions does not necessarilyimply the existence of new geologically significant magma typesand/or melt-generation processes, and caution should be exercisedin their interpretation. KEY WORDS: melt inclusions; olivine; geochemistry; mush zones; MORB; subduction-related magmas  相似文献   

17.
High-calcium, nepheline-normative ankaramitic basalts (MgO > 10 wt.%, CaO/Al2O3 > 1) from Rinjani volcano, Lombok (Sunda arc, Indonesia) contain phenocrysts of clinopyroxene and olivine (Fo85–92) with inclusions of spinel (Cr# 58–77) and crystallised melt. Olivine crystals have variable but on average low NiO (0.10–0.23 wt.%) and high CaO (0.22–0.35 wt.%) contents for their forsterite number. The CaO content of Fo89–91 olivine is negatively correlated with the Al2O3 content of enclosed spinel (9–15 wt.%) and positively correlated with the CaO/Al2O3 ratios of melt inclusions (0.9–1.5). Major and trace element patterns of melt inclusions are similar to that of the host rock, indicating that the magma could have formed by accumulation of small batches of melt, with compositions similar to the melt inclusions. The liquidus temperature of the magma was  1275 °C, and its oxygen fugacity ≤ FMQ + 2.5. Correlations between K2O, Zr, Th and LREE in the melt inclusions are interpreted to reflect variable degrees of melting of the source; correlations between Al2O3, Na2O, Y and HREE are influenced by variations in the mineralogy of the source. The melts probably formed from a water-poor, clinopyroxene-rich mantle source.  相似文献   

18.
The crustal history of volcanic rocks can be inferred from the mineralogy and compositions of their phenocrysts which record episodes of magma mixing as well as the pressures and temperatures when magmas cooled. Submarine lavas erupted on the Hilo Ridge, a rift zone directly east of Mauna Kea volcano, contain olivine, plagioclase, augite ±orthopyroxene phenocrysts. The compositions of these phenocryst phases provide constraints on the magmatic processes beneath Hawaiian rift zones. In these samples, olivine phenocrysts are normally zoned with homogeneous cores ranging from ∼ Fo81 to Fo91. In contrast, plagioclase, augite and orthopyroxene phenocrysts display more than one episode of reverse zoning. Within each sample, plagioclase, augite and orthopyroxene phenocrysts have similar zoning profiles. However, there are significant differences between samples. In three samples these phases exhibit large compositional contrasts, e.g., Mg# [100 × Mg/(Mg+Fe+2)] of augite varies from 71 in cores to 82 in rims. Some submarine lavas from the Puna Ridge (Kilauea volcano) contain phenocrysts with similar reverse zonation. The compositional variations of these phenocrysts can be explained by mixing of a multiphase (plagioclase, augite and orthopyroxene) saturated, evolved magma with more mafic magma saturated only with olivine. The differences in the compositional ranges of plagioclase, augite and orthopyroxene crystals between samples indicate that these samples were derived from isolated magma chambers which had undergone distinct fractionation and mixing histories. The samples containing plagioclase and pyroxene with small compositional variations reflect magmas that were buffered near the olivine + melt ⇒Low-Ca pyroxene + augite + plagioclase reaction point by frequent intrusions of mafic olivine-bearing magmas. Samples containing plagioclase and pyroxene phenocrysts with large compositional ranges reflect magmas that evolved beyond this reaction point when there was no replenishment with olivine-saturated magma. Two of these samples contain augite cores with Mg# of ∼71, corresponding to Mg# of 36–40 in equilibrium melts, and augite in another sample has Mg# of 63–65 which is in equilibrium with a very evolved melt with a Mg# of ∼30. Such highly evolved magmas also exist beneath the Puna Ridge of Kilauea volcano. They are rarely erupted during the shield building stage, but may commonly form in ephemeral magma pockets in the rift zones. The compositions of clinopyroxene phenocryst rims and associated glass rinds indicate that most of the samples were last equilibrated at 2–3 kbar and 1130–1160 °C. However, in one sample, augite and glass rind compositions reflect crystallization at higher pressures (4–5 kbar). This sample provides evidence for magma mixing at relatively high pressures and perhaps transport of magma from the summit conduits to the rift zone along the oceanic crust-mantle boundary. Received: 8 July 1998 / Accepted: 2 January 1999  相似文献   

19.
The equilibrium phase relations of a mafic durbachite (53 wt.% SiO2) from the Třebíč pluton, representative of the Variscan ultrapotassic magmatism of the Bohemian Massif (338–335 Ma), have been determined as a function of temperature (900–1,100°C), pressure (100–200 MPa), and H2O activity (1.1–6.1 wt.% H2O in the melt). Two oxygen fugacity ranges were investigated: close to the Ni–NiO (NNO) buffer and 2.6 log unit above NNO buffer (∆NNO + 2.6). At 1,100°C, olivine is the liquidus phase and co-crystallized with phlogopite and augite at 1,000°C for the whole range of investigated pressure and water content in the melt. At 900°C, the mineral assemblage consists of augite and phlogopite, whereas olivine is not stable. The stability field of both alkali feldspar and plagioclase is restricted to low pressure (100 MPa) at nearly water-saturated conditions (<3–4 wt.% H2O) and T < 900°C. A comparison between experimental products and natural minerals indicates that mafic durbachites have a near-liquidus assemblage of olivine, augite, Ti-rich phlogopite, apatite and zircon, followed by alkali feldspar and plagioclase, similar to the mineral assemblage of minette magma. Natural amphibole, diopside and orthopyroxene were not reproduced experimentally and probably result from sub-solidus reactions, whereas biotite re-equilibrated at low temperature. The crystallization sequence olivine followed by phlogopite and augite reproduces the sequence inferred in many mica-lamprophyre rocks. The similar fractionation trends observed for durbachites and minettes indicate that mafic durbachites are probably the plutonic equivalents of minettes and that K- and Mg-rich magmas in the Bohemian Massif may have been generated from partial melting of a phlogopite–clinopyroxene-bearing metasomatized peridotite. Experimental melt compositions also suggest that felsic durbachites can be generated by simple fractionation of a more mafic parent and mixing with mantle-derived components at mid crustal pressures.  相似文献   

20.
Mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) from East Pacific Rise (EPR) 13°N are analysed for major and trace elements, both of which show a continuous evolving trend. Positive MgO-Al2O3 and negative MgO-Sc relationships manifest the cotectic crystallization of plagioclase and olivine, which exist with the presence of plagioclase and olivine phenocrysts and the absence of clinopyroxene phenocrysts. However, the fractionation of clinopyroxene is proven by the positive correlation of MgO and CaO. Thus, MORB samples are believed to show a "clinopyroxene paradox". The highest magnesium.bearing MORB sample E13-3B (MGO=9.52%) is modelled for isobaric crystallization with COMAGMAT at different pressures. Observed CaO/Al2O3 ratios can be derived from E13-3B only by fractional crystallization at pressure >4±1 kbar, which necessitates clinopyroxene crystallization and is not consistent with cotectic crystallization of olivine plus plagioclase in the magma chamber (at pressure～1 kbar). The initial compositions of the melt inclusions, which could represent potential parental magmas, are reconstructed by correcting for post-entrapment crystallization (PEC). The simulated crystallization of initial melt inclusions also produce observed CaO/Al2O3 ratios only at >4±1 kbar, in which clinopyroxene takes part in crystallization. It is suggested that MORB magmas have experienced clinopyroxene fractionation in the lower crust, in and below the Moho transition zone. The MORB magmas have experienced transition from clinopyroxene+plagioclase+olivine crystallization at >4±1 kbar to mainly olivine+plagioclase crystallization at <1 kbar, which contributes to the explanation of the "clinopyroxene paradox".  相似文献   

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