共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 175 毫秒
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为了处理横向强变速介质中的深度成像问题,本文提出一种基于共炮道集的优化系数的傍轴近似方程叠前深度偏移算子,并在基于反射系数估算的成像条件下,可实现叠前深度偏移成像.该算子具有方程阶数低且能对陡倾角成像的特征,并采用有限差分法波场延拓,能适应速度场的任意变化.当在频率-空间域进行计算时,相对于纯粹的时间-空间域有限差分算法有计算效率高、成像方便的优点.脉冲响应测试和对Marmousi模型进行的叠前深度偏移结果表明,该偏移方法在强横向变速情况下具有非常好的成像效果. 相似文献
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为更好地研究复杂构造和速度分布条件下地震资料的精确偏移.在波场模拟方面,本文采用了高阶交错网格有限差分[1]推导了二维各向同性介质声波方程的数值模拟公式.并给出了声波方程完全匹配层吸收边界[2-5](PML).在偏移方面,本文介绍了一种能适应介质速度横向变化的非稳态相移算子(NSPS)[6]及其叠后深度偏移方法.并对简单的四层模型和Marmousi模型进行试算.偏移结果表明,该方法可以有效地处理复杂条件下的各向同性介质声波偏移问题. 相似文献
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以先进的波动理论为基础的波动方程保幅地震偏移成像是在给出正确位置的同时也给出真实振幅的一种特殊完善.作者从保幅单程波动方程的非稳态相移公式出发,基于反问题求解中常用的摄动理论,利用单平方根算子的渐进展开,从而推导出保幅叠前深度偏移方程的高阶广义屏形式;针对散射波场计算项对于横向变速介质的不稳定性,通过数学近似提出一个有效提高稳定性的策略,应用到波场递归外推过程中,从而得到一种稳定的保幅高阶广义屏叠前深度偏移算子.理论模型试算和实际资料处理表明,该方法不但可以更精确地使散射能量聚焦、归位,提高成像精度;而且可以输出正确反映地下反射系数的振幅信息,使AVO响应更加清晰,提高了AVO资料的分析精度. 相似文献
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本文基于拟微分算子理论和李代数积分法,根据程函方程和波场坐标变换,提出一种新的适于横向变速介质Kirchhoff叠前深度偏移的地震波走时算法.该算法与Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移所用李代数时间积分表达相比,差异在于增加了波数一次项,且二次项的系数在求积时亦需进行修正.针对单平方根算子象征、李代数积分、指数映射和走时多项式的求解而言,皆需对以往Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移中所用算法进行深化调整.文中数值算例对比了本文李代数积分表达与时间积分的区别,本算法计算结果与线性横向变速介质中的理论值相当吻合.通过走时多项式中各项对结果的影响分析,可知非对称项使计算精度得到了进一步提高.数值试验表明,本算法对横向变速介质中走时求取是可行的,且不需要存储海量走时表,有利于提高Kirchhof叠前深度偏移的精度和效率. 相似文献
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本文详细讨论地下复杂介质地震成像问题.当速度模型含有强横向变化时,射线场会折叠形成多次走时,在这种情况下,文中证明在保真振幅叠前深度偏移时,应当考虑所有的到时才能得到定量的像.通过实例证明,在多次走时情况下,常规的共炮集、共检波器集都存在强的假像;由此提出共角度偏移的概念.最后,在多次走时下,讨论多次偏移算子(走时、相移、振幅等)的高效重构,给出了三维叠前深度偏移的快速算法. 相似文献
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地震波传播算子的计算效率和精度是制约三维叠前深度偏移的关键因素. 广义屏传播算子(GSP, Generalized Screen Propagator)是一种在双域中实现的广角单程波传播算子. 这一方法略去了在非均匀体之间发生的交混回响,但它可以正确处理包括聚焦、衍射、折射和干涉在内的各种多次前向散射现象. 通过背景速度下的相移和扰动速度下的陡倾角校正,广义屏算子能够适应地层速度的强烈横向变化. 这种算子可以直接应用于炮集叠前偏移,通过将广义屏算子作用于双平方根方程,还可以获得一种高效率、高精度的炮检距域叠前深度偏移方法,用于二维共炮检距道集和三维共方位角道集的深度域成像. 本文首先简述了炮检距域广义屏传播算子的理论,进而讨论了共照射角成像(CAI, Common Angle Imaging)条件,由此给出各个不同照射角(炮检距射线参数)下的成像结果,进而得到共照射角像集. 由于照射角和炮检距的对应关系,共照射角像集又为偏移速度分析和AVO(振幅随炮检距变化)分析等提供了有力工具. 相似文献
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本文将常规双平方根(DSR)单程波动方程从深度域变换到双程垂直走时(τ)域,由此推导出可从数学上实现“沉降观测”的单程波DSR传播算子. 其递归波场延拓算法包含波数域针对常速背景的相移处理和空间域针对横向速度扰动的相位校正,可以应对上覆地层速度横向变化对构造成像的影响. 结合零炮检距、零时间成像条件,提出了在τ域进行波场延拓与成像的DSR方程叠前偏移新方法. 为了克服其全三维偏移算法在实际应用中可能面临的困难,本文采用稳相近似,在crossline常炮检距偏移理论基础上推导了实用的共方位角叠前τ偏移方法. 数值试验表明,DSR方程叠前τ偏移在强横向非均匀介质中的成像精度与分辨率优于传统的时间域成像技术. 相似文献
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本文将常规双平方根(DSR)单程波动方程从深度域变换到双程垂直走时(τ)域,由此推导出可从数学上实现“沉降观测”的单程波DSR传播算子. 其递归波场延拓算法包含波数域针对常速背景的相移处理和空间域针对横向速度扰动的相位校正,可以应对上覆地层速度横向变化对构造成像的影响. 结合零炮检距、零时间成像条件,提出了在τ域进行波场延拓与成像的DSR方程叠前偏移新方法. 为了克服其全三维偏移算法在实际应用中可能面临的困难,本文采用稳相近似,在crossline常炮检距偏移理论基础上推导了实用的共方位角叠前τ偏移方法. 数值试验表明,DSR方程叠前τ偏移在强横向非均匀介质中的成像精度与分辨率优于传统的时间域成像技术. 相似文献
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从含Thomsen各向异性参数的qP波相速度表示式出发,建立并求解三维VTI介质中的频散方程,得到三维VTI介质中的相移算子,进而将以相移算子为基础的最优分裂Fourier方法推广到三维VTI介质,发展了一个三维VTI介质的深度偏移方法.文中使用的各向异性介质的速度模型与现行的各向异性构造的速度估计方法一致,将各向同性、弱各向异性及强各向异性统一在一个模型中.文中提出的偏移算法对相移法引入了高阶校正项来补偿介质横向变化的影响,使该方法可应用于横向非均匀VTI介质的陡角度成像,文中给出的偏移脉冲响应很好地证明了这一点. 相似文献
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We present a new depth‐imaging method for seismic data in heterogeneous anisotropic media. This recursive explicit method uses a non‐stationary extrapolation operator to allow lateral velocity variation, and it uses the relationship between phase angle and the spectral coordinates of seismic data to allow velocity variation with phase angle. A qualitative comparison of migration impulse responses suggests that, for an equivalent cost, the symmetric non‐stationary phase‐shift (SNPS) operator is superior to the phase‐shift plus interpolation (PSPI) operator, for very large depth intervals. To demonstrate the potential of the new method, seismic data from a physical model acquired over a transversely isotropic medium are imaged using a shot‐record migration based on the SNPS operator. 相似文献
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Wavefield extrapolation and prestack depth migration in anelastic inhomogeneous media 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Wavefield depth extrapolation and prestack depth migration in complex anelastic media are studied. Kjartansson's frequency‐independent Q law is used to describe the absorption of seismic energy. The macromodel used is analogous to the macromodel used for current migration schemes except that an additional frequency‐independent Q macromodel needs to be provided. Absorption in the forward one‐way propagator is introduced by assuming a complex phase velocity, and the inverse one‐way propagator is obtained using the reciprocity theorem for one‐way wavefields in dissipative media. The stability of the inverse propagator is achieved by limiting the angle of propagation of wavefields. A table‐driven explicit operator scheme for imaging complex 2D anelastic media is presented. High‐accuracy, short convolution operators are designed by the weighted least‐squares method, and two kinds of imaging conditions are proposed. Numerical examples of depth extrapolation in laterally varying media, the migration of a spatial impulse with dispersion as well as shot record depth migration demonstrate the potential of the proposed explicit forward operator, the explicit inverse operator and the prestack depth migration scheme, respectively. 相似文献
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Double-square-root one-way wave equation prestack tau migration in heterogeneous media 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this paper, source‐receiver migration based on the double‐square‐root one‐way wave equation is modified to operate in the two‐way vertical traveltime (τ) domain. This tau migration method includes reasonable treatment for media with lateral inhomogeneity. It is implemented by recursive wavefield extrapolation with a frequency‐wavenumber domain phase shift in a constant background medium, followed by a phase correction in the frequency‐space domain, which accommodates moderate lateral velocity variations. More advanced τ‐domain double‐square‐root wave propagators have been conceptually discussed in this paper for migration in media with stronger lateral velocity variations. To address the problems that the full 3D double‐square‐root equation prestack tau migration could meet in practical applications, we present a method for downward continuing common‐azimuth data, which is based on a stationary‐phase approximation of the full 3D migration operator in the theoretical frame of prestack tau migration of cross‐line constant offset data. Migrations of synthetic data sets show that our tau migration approach has good performance in strong contrast media. The real data example demonstrates that common‐azimuth prestack tau migration has improved the delineation of the geological structures and stratigraphic configurations in a complex fault area. Prestack tau migration has some inherent robust characteristics usually associated with prestack time migration. It follows a velocity‐independent anti‐aliasing criterion that generally leads to reduction of the computation cost for typical vertical velocity variations. Moreover, this τ‐domain source‐receiver migration method has features that could be of help to speed up the convergence of the velocity estimation. 相似文献
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Zhang Zhifu Meng Xiaohong Liu Hong Chen Jingbo Li YouMing 《应用地球物理》2006,3(4):218-225
An accurate and wide-angle one-way propagator for wavefield extrapolation is an important topic for research on wave-equation prestack depth migration in the presence of large and rapid velocity variations. Based on the optimal separable approximation presented in this paper, the mixed domain algorithm with forward and inverse Fourier transforms is used to construct the 3D one-way wavefield extrapolation operator. This operator separates variables in the wavenumber and spatial domains. The phase shift operation is implemented in the wavenumber domain while the time delay for lateral velocity variation is corrected in the spatial domain. The impulse responses of the one-way wave operator show that the numeric computation is consistent with the theoretical value for each velocity, revealing that the operator constructed with the optimal separable approximation can be applied to lateral velocity variations for the case of small steps. Imaging results of the SEG/EAGE model and field data indicate that the new method can be used to image complex structure. 相似文献
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本文提出了一种新的偏移方法——自适应空间分区裂步傅立叶(ASDSSF)偏移方法。该方法将剥层相位移方法的思想推广到裂步傅立叶偏移方法,使之当速度场出现强间断时也能精确而有效地成像。原理上ASDSSF偏移属于多参考慢度(MRS)偏移方法,本文的重点是,在不损失精度的同时选取比同类MRS偏移方法更少的参考慢度。我们根据全局速度函数的变化和误差控制参数来选择参考慢度,同一个参考慢度所对应的速度构成一个分区,每一个空间分区可以由几个空间上不连续的子分区组成,从而有效地减小了参考慢度的个数。每一延拓步的参考慢度以及参考慢度的个数和如何构建分区都是根据速度函数自动生成,因此更为合理。为了消除速度场强间断产生的人为噪音,设计了简单有效的f-k域的光滑滤波。我们对一个生成的二维叠前模型和SEG/EAEG盐丘模型进行了试算。 相似文献